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Unemployment is generally defined as for a person who is unable to find any work to earn one’s livelihood. In year 2017, the unemployment rate of Malaysia is 3.4% which hits the peak for the past five years. Malaysian government officially commenced the unemployment insurance scheme on 1st January 2018, which is known as Employment Insurance Scheme (EIS). This paper aims to study the unemployment rate with Burr distribution, and to propose a new framework for the unemployment scheme. Maximum likelihood estimation is used to estimate the parameters. Comparison among the Burr distribution and the continuous counterparts has been done to show the superiority of the Burr distribution to interpret the data. A real data set taken from 1997-2015 of the unemployment rate in Malaysia will be considered for illustration purpose. Some important insights with regards to the unemployment scenario in Malaysia will also be revealed in this piece of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliable "non-invasive" assessment of the macroscopic elastic characteristics is an important problem in the design of new materials with composite structure, as well as in predicting the residual life of exploited structural elements. Traditional theoretical models of composites assume a continuous distribution of stresses and strains in the material. At the same time, real composites can have defects (discontinuities) at the interphase boundaries. In these areas, the phases do not interact. The paper is devoted to the development of a mechanical elastic model of composite materials, which takes into account both perfect and imperfect sections of interphase boundaries. A feature of the model is separate consideration of "normal" interface defects (there is no phase interaction through normal stresses, but interaction through shear stresses is preserved) and "tangential" interface defects (there is no interaction through shear stresses, but interaction through normal stresses is preserved). This difference can be caused not only by peculiarities of interface defects but also by interface orientation with respect to the external load. In this work, the Lagrangian formalism and the principle of least actions were applied to derive the effective elastic moduli of composite material. It is shown that the elastic moduli depend not only on the volume fractions of the phases and their elastic constants but also on the fraction of imperfect phase boundaries. The analytical results are compared with the widely used estimates of Hashin–Shtrikman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new probability distribution called Generalized Continuous Uniform Distribution (GCUD) is presented, which is based on the standard uniform distribution. In this new distribution, a parameter is introduced in the probability density function that is associated with the power of the values of the random variable. The shape properties, the higher order moments, the moment generating function, the failure and survival function, and the model that simulates the GCUD are derived. In addition, this approach allows us to generalize the Generalized Uniform Distribution of Jayakumar and Sankaran (2019), which generates another new distribution that we call GCUD(J-S). To demonstrate the proposed model's potential, we used a set of real data related to the Covid-19 pandemic was obtained, which were adjusted to the new distribution GCUD(J-S). The maximum likelihood method was used to calculate the parameter estimators applying the maxLik package in R language. The results show that the new model is more flexible and appropriate than other models already known in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overdispersion often being a problem in modeling count data because the Poisson distribution that is often used to modeling count data cannot conquer the overdispersion data. Several distributions have been introduced to be used as an alternative to the Poisson distribution on conquering dispersion in data. However, that alternative distribution has higher complexity than Poisson distribution in the number of parameters used. Therefore, a new distribution with similar distribution to Poisson is offered, which is Lindley distribution. Lindley distribution is a continuous distribution, then it cannot be used to modeling count data. Hence, discretization on Lindley distribution should be done using a method that maintains the survival function of Lindley distribution. Result distribution from discretization on Lindley distribution has one parameter and can be used to modeling overdispersion data so that distribution is appropriate to be used as an alternative to Poisson distribution in modeling overdispersed count data. The result distribution of Lindley distribution discretization is commonly called Discrete Lindley distribution. In this paper, characteristics of Discrete Lindley distribution that are obtained are unimodal, right skew, high fluidity and overdispersion. Based on numerical simulation, another characeristic of parameter is also obtained from Discrete Lindley distribution that has a large bias and MSE when parameter value around e-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a numerical technique based on the direct boundary element approach is employed to model dynamic responses of three-dimensional linear elastic multi-zonal solids with piecewise continuous distribution of mechanical properties. Regularized boundary integral equations in the Laplace domain in conjunction with the sub-region procedure are employed in the present formulation. For the discretization of boundary integral equations the nodal collocation method and mixed boundary elements are used. The boundary element results for a transient dynamic interaction of partially embedded structure with anisotropic elastic soil are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we automatically learn interpretable low dimensional generative representations of human walking motions using a variational autoencoder. By modeling the latent space of an autoencoder as a low dimensional multi -variate gaussian distribution, we can optimize for an encoding that produces disentangled, independent components which explain most of the variation in the data. The latent variables our model learns are intuitive to humans and can be directly manipulated in a graphical user interface (GUI) via sliders, to generate new walking motions in real time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gamma distribution is used to model the right skewed data. The goodness of fit tests determine how well the data fit to the underlying distribution. This paper compares the performances of goodness of fit tests for generalized gamma distribution. Kolmogrov Smirnov, Cramer-von Mises and Anderson-Darling tests are considered for testing the goodness of fit between the distribution of sample data and generalized gamma distribution under some different parametric scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper near-exact distributions for positive linear combinations of independent non-central Gamma random variables are developed. The authors show that through an adequate factorization of the characteristic function it is possible to obtain precise near-exact distributions which correspond to mixtures of Generalized Near-Integer Gamma distributions. Numerical studies are conducted in order to assess the precision of these approximations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a review of current Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) phenomenology focusing our attention on the unpolarized TMD parton distribution function and the Sivers function. The paper introduces and comments about the new Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) TMD evolution formalism [1]. We make use of a selection of results obtained by several groups to illustrate the achievements and the failures of the simple Gaussian approach and the TMD CSS evolution formalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new notion of fuzzy generalized closed sets called fuzzy θ-generalized semi-closed sets is introduced and studied. Some of their properties and relationships between these new notions of fuzzy generalized closed sets are investigated. Furthermore, we introduce fuzzy θ-generalized semi-T1/2 spaces, fuzzy θ-generalized semi-continuous and fuzzy θ-generalized semi-closed functions. Several interesting results are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many problems of operations research or decision science involve continuous probability distributions, whose handling may be sometimes unmanageable; in order to tackle this issue, different forms of approximation methods can be used. When constructing a k-point discrete approximation of a continuous random variable, moment matching, i.e., matching as many moments as possible of the original distribution, is the most popular technique. This can be done by resorting to the so-called Gaussian quadrature procedure (originally developed by Gauss in the nineteenth century) and solving for the roots of an orthogonal polynomial or for the eigenvalues of a real symmetric tridiagonal matrix. The moment-matching discretization has been widely applied to the Gaussian distribution and more generally to symmetric distributions, for which the procedure considerably simplifies. Despite the name, Gaussian quadrature can be theoretically applied to any continuous distribution (as far as the first 2k − 1 raw moments exist), but not much interest has been shown in the literature so far. In this work, we will consider some examples of asymmetric distributions defined over the positive real line (namely, the gamma and the Weibull, for which expressions for the integer moments are available in closed form) and show how the moment-matching procedure works and its possible practical issues. Comparison with an alternative discretization technique is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bivariate Kumaraswamy (BK) distribution whose marginals are Kumaraswamy distributions has been recently introduced. However, its statistical properties are not studied in detail. In this study, statistical properties of the BK distribution are investigated. We suggest that the BK could provide suitable description for the earthquakes characteristics of Turkey. We support this argument using earthquakesoccurred in Turkey between 1900 and 2009. We also find that the BK distribution simulates earthquakes well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is done on the phosphor composition (Ba0.97Ca0.03)SO4:Dy with 0.1 mol% Dysprosium. Firstly, the sample is synthesized using the co-precipitation method and structural analysis is done using the X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The phosphor is found to exhibit an orthorhombic structure with crystallite size of 55nm. Further, FTIR study confirms the presence of the sulphate group (SO4) in the sample. TL glow analysis shows that the phosphor exhibits a quasi continuous distribution with two major peaks at 250°C and 115°C. Furthermore, an exceptionally wide linear dose response makes this phosphor suitable for dosimetry purposes. Lastly, computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) technique is used to calculate the kinetic parameters for different traps present in the material which are responsible for the TL properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burr Type XII distribution is known as Burr distribution, is one of the twelve types continuous distribution on Burr system. Burr distribution is heavy-tailed and right-skewed. Burr distribution has an important role in survival analysis. This study will describe parameter estimation of Burr distribution for right censored data using Bayes method. Procedure for estimating parameter consists of three main steps: specifying the prior distribution, constructing likelihood function for right censored data and determining the posterior distribution. Bayes estimator is obtained by minimizing posterior risk function based on loss function, using Square Error Loss Function (SELF) and Precautionary Loss Function (PLF). After Bayes estimator is obtained, simulation will be done to compare the effectiveness of Bayes estimator with both loss function according to Mean Square Error (MSE). What is meant by effective estimator is that it has relatively small MSE. Furthermore, this study also elaborated the effect of the proportion of censored data to the MSE. Based on simulation results, Bayes estimator with PLF is more effective than SELF and higher proportion of censored data produced greater MSE, regardless of the loss function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radiation characteristics of leaky-wave antennas located on the curvilinear cylindrical surfaces are considered. The phase distributions are shown that take into account the propagation of the wave inside the curvilinear guide structure and the spatial path of the rays from the antenna surface to the equivalent wave front. A solution is given for finding the antenna field in the far filed using the apparatus of Green's functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new class of continuous distributions based on generalized inverse Weibull has been introduced. As a special case, generalized inverse Weibull - generalized inverse Weibull distribution is proposed. The probability density function, cumulative distribution function, reliability and hazard rate functions are introduced. Furthermore, most important statistical properties of the proposed distribution such as Shannon entropy, relative entropy, stress-strength model have been obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fractional Zener constitutive law is extensively used as a model of solid-like viscoelastic behaviour. In this work the generalized distributed-order fractional Zener model is studied in the cases of discrete distribution and continuous distribution of power-law type. It is proven that the corresponding relaxation moduli are completely monotone functions under appropriate thermodynamic restrictions on the parameters. The asymptotic behaviour of the relaxation moduli is studied and integral representations are derived and used for numerical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a method for timetabling a project affected by risk. The times required to carry out tasks are modelled using mixtures of beta distributions. The parameters of these beta distributions are given by experts: one corresponding to the duration of a task in stable conditions, with no risks materializing, and the other corresponding to the duration of a task in the case when risks do occur. Finally, a case study will be presented and analysed: the project of constructing a shopping mall in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]