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This paper explores the social and technical perceptions of physical and digital formats as they relate to work in the recovery and reuse of scientific data, specifically historical, archival, and defunct data sources. Proprietary and obsolete formats, or formats that need significant transformation work, stand out as central challenges for scientists and data curators who are recovering reusable data from archival or legacy data sources. The challenges confronting data sharing and reuse of contemporary scientific data are already known to be myriad; formats often pose a major, compounding challenge to retrospective data curation research and practice. Based on 23 qualitative interviews with practitioners conducting data recovery and reuse, ranging from marine biologists to data librarians, we study how they understand, engage with, and utilize formats within their data curation work. This paper enumerates the formats deployed throughout the scientific data curation process and explores how practitioners creating and curating scientific data based on historical and archival materials encounter, make sense of, and utilize formats. The paper focuses on practitioner perceptions of formats around the following themes: how practitioners' historical relationships to certain challenging formats inform their ongoing curation practices; the importance of contexts in prioritizing or ignoring formats within scientific curation work; and how formats reveal larger sociotechnical issues. The paper concludes by with practical and theoretical implications of navigating formats within the recovery and reuse of scientific data and offers suggestions for reconfiguring formats within broader data curation lifecycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross‐domain knowledge diffusion from science to policy is a prevalent phenomenon that demands academic attention. To investigate the characteristics of cross‐domain knowledge diffusion from science to policy, this study suggests using the citation of policies to scientific articles as a basis for quantifying the diffusion strength, breadth, and speed. The study reveals that the strength and breadth of cross‐domain knowledge diffusion from scientific papers to policies conform to a power‐law distribution, while the speed follows a logarithmic normal distribution. Moreover, the papers with the highest diffusion strength, breadth, and fastest diffusion speed are predominantly from world‐renowned universities, scholars, and top journals. The papers with the highest diffusion strength and breadth are mostly from social sciences, especially economics, those with the fastest diffusion speed are mainly from medical and life sciences, followed by social sciences. The findings indicate that cross‐domain knowledge diffusion from science to policy follows the Matthew effect, whereby individuals or institutions with high academic achievements are more likely to achieve successful cross‐domain knowledge diffusion. Furthermore, papers in the field of economics tend to have the higher cross‐domain knowledge diffusion strength and breadth, while those in medical and life sciences have the faster cross‐domain knowledge diffusion speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data Science is a burgeoning area in the iField. But Data Science practices have far outstripped the field's ethical safeguards. We argue that Data Science graduate education programs must address this critical problem. In this theoretical and conceptual paper, we posit an ordinary macroethics that we call data flourishing. We contend that this macroethics is most appropriately developed through a holistic, human‐centered data science (HCDS)‐based pedagogy that concentrates on cultivating communities of ethical practice (COEPs) through social learning. We favor embedding this macroethics throughout iField programs' graduate data science curricula and by extension, the entire data science education enterprise. This paper aligns with the 2023 ASIS&T annual meeting theme of translating research into practice, particularly the subthemes of "improving decision‐making" and "understanding the power of information to develop human happiness, equality, and wellbeing." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Z‐Inspection® Process is a form of applied research for the ethical assessment of AI systems. It is quickly establishing itself as a robust method to ethically assess AI in Europe. The process is predicated on the European Union's Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI, outlining ethical principles intended to guide European AI development. In contrast, the United States has only recently released its holistic version of such guidelines, the Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights. The aim of this paper is to assess the suitability of the Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights as an ethical framework underpinning the use of the Z‐Inspection® Process in the United States. This paper provides preliminary findings of comparative analysis of European and United States ethical frameworks for responsible AI development. Findings outline primary ethical concepts that are shared between respective frameworks. Findings suggest the US Blueprint is suitable as an ethical framework for the Z‐Inspection® Process. There are notable omissions within the US framework which would require further development for Z‐Inspection® use. Discussion will consider opportunities for adapting Z‐Inspection® to the United States context, including contributions from the information professions and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on information services to marginalized urban communities in the United States between 1940 and 1975, this paper argues that African American librarians played foundational roles in early community‐based librarianship (CBL) initiatives. In doing so, Black librarians skillfully and resourcefully fought information poverty, pushed for social and political equality, and promoted their communities' well‐being through proactive information provision. By fighting the systemic racism throttling inner‐city Black communities, their labors constituted a seminal contribution to the post‐World War II United States Freedom Struggle. Theirs was a specifically Black CBL. Underpinned by the theoretical work of Elfreda Chatman, this heretofore hidden history offers fruitful lessons for current library and information science practice. It therefore aligns with the annual meeting theme, "Translating Information Research into Practice, Policy, and Action," particularly its emphasis on "creating effective models of information provision, creating empathetic information services" and on "understanding the power of information to develop human happiness, equality, and wellbeing." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper details the findings from a study investigating the efficacy of community‐based and ‐organized information sessions for dispelling public health misinformation around COVID‐19. The authors used community‐engaged participatory action research methods to co‐organize town halls with community members, groups, and officials to disseminate COVID information for two New Jersey towns and townships with differing demographic compositions in late 2020 through 2021. These sessions aimed to share reliable, trustworthy public health and safety information around the COVID‐19 pandemic. This small‐scale, qualitative study suggests that this type of hyper‐localized information session where residents can interact with local leaders and talk openly about local problems around public health can be a point of connection for people with their community, that helps them access and address localized public health problems in myriad ways. In so doing, this study suggests ways to re‐imagine public health information and communication practices to promote informational justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Screen media modeling and mentoring is an important factor of family media practices and for tech readiness of digital youth. The authors conducted a qualitative study to examine the media practices within families with children ages 5–11. Semi structured interviews with 51 parents revealed that parents and other significant people, such as grandparents, siblings, friends, and community members, mentor or model media practices with children but practices vary between families and within contexts. Further, there are direct and sustained impacts on children's screen media behaviors when parents actively participate in mentoring or modeling of screen media with their children. Findings also shed light on other influencing factors of screen media engagement, such as modeling styles, parent's prior experience and comfort with technology, personal backgrounds, and concerns about their own use of screen media. Findings are useful as information professionals engage with children when navigating the post‐Covid digital landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]