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ABSTRACT Scientific software is as important to scientific studies as raw data. Yet, attention to this genre of research data is limited in studies on data reuse, citation, and metadata standards. This paper presents results from an exploratory study that examined how scientific software's reuse information is presented in the current citation practice and natural language descriptions in research papers. We selected LAMMPS, popular simulation software used in material science, for this study. Both descriptive metadata elements and the types of reuse are examined from a sample of 400 research papers. The results indicate that both descriptive metadata elements and reuse types about LAMMPS are presented in incomplete and inconsistent ways, and this interferes with the values of scientific software, as a type of research data. Our findings necessitate future studies on the metadata standards to facilitate the identification of information related with scientific software reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers in academia and industry face a deluge of data in our digital world. In this paper, we investigate a novel problem, query-centric scientific topic evolution. Using heterogeneous graph mining techniques we construct a topic evolution tree (TET) from massive collections of scientific publications, enabling students and researchers to explore the foundation of research topics outside their specialization. Prior research has focused mainly on citation relationships; in this study we employed multiple types of relationships, including authorship, citation, publishing venue, and the contributions authors, papers, and venues have made to a specific topic. We examine multiple restricted meta-paths in constructing a TET covering topics from the MeSH vocabulary for biomedical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this poster, we describe partial findings from a larger study that explored the co-first and co-corresponding author phenomenon in two biomedical research areas, pharmacy and anesthesia. The top 10 journals in the two areas by the five-year impact factor as listed in 2013 JCR were used for the paper sources. A total of 17802 pharmacy papers and 35801 anesthesia papers were included in the analyses. Each paper was manually examined to identify the co-first and co-corresponding author papers. In this poster, we will show the distributions of the paper numbers and percentages of the co-first and co-corresponding papers over twenty years (1995-2014), the distributions of author numbers sharing the co-first and co-corresponding authorship, and the combinations and distributions of the authors' byline positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a 'rough co-citation', which is a measure of relationship to expand co-citation networks so as to include new relevant documents. A rough co-citation relationship is a linkage between a pair of documents which are cited by two other documents in a similar citation context. The linkage strength of a rough co-citation relationship may be weaker than the original co-citation relationship, because a rough co-citation relationship is determined by citations in two separate documents. Rough co-citation linkages, however, may yield new relevant documents that are not identified by the original co-citation linkages. For example, the rough co-citation can identify relevant documents that are published after the citing document of the original co-citation becomes public. This study conducted IR experiments to evaluate the search performances of retrieval methods using the co-citation networks expanded by the rough co-citation relationships. Specifically, the random walk with restart, which is one of the latest graph search algorithms, is applied to the expanded and original co-citation networks. Scores of the normalized discounted cumulative gain (nDCG@K) are then compared. The results indicate that the search performance of the method using the expanded network outperforms a baseline method using the original network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is to investigate how citing behavior for a scientific article changes over time. A highly cited article is chosen to collect citation content from its 902 citing articles. Natural language processing and content analysis are adopted to encode citation content and complete the statistics of citation behavior. Citation content analysis indexes including citation mention, length, and location, are used to describe the changes of citation behavior over time. The experimental results show that there is correlation between citing time with most of the indexes and that citation mention and citation length are declining while the number of the citation co-occurrences is increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the relation between author affiliation reputation and uncitedness. We use 2015 U.S. News Best Global University Subject rankings as representative of affiliation reputation and collect uncited papers from 24 journals in six subjects from WoS. Preliminary correlation analysis results indicate that: (1) there is a significant correlation between affiliation reputation and uncitedness. (2) their relation is negatively and weakly correlated. And secondary data collection and correlation analysis proved that relation between affiliation reputation and uncitedness vary in different subjects. The findings of this study would attract scientists' attention to avoid Matthew Effect and focus more on research papers rather than reputation when citing references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A major challenge to formal scientific communication is the retraction of published works. This study includes a detailed analysis of retracted articles in biomedical literature, including categorization of the reasons for retraction. The examination covers the years 2010 through 2014. Analysis also includes citations to articles retracted between 2001 and 2005. The totality of the investigation is couched within the context of communication in the biomedical sciences and, to a lesser extent, of the formulation of theories of citation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate (a) the current established institutional repositories of the most excellent universities worldwide, (b) the total amount of contents in the individual institutional repositories, and (c) the correlation between the total amount of contents in institutional repositories and the scores of university ranking performance indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Prior studies have identified a need for engaging researchers in providing and curating their identity data. This poster reports preliminary findings of a qualitative study exploring how researchers use and engage in online research identity management (RIM) systems. The findings identify nine activity or task related motivations of using RIM systems. This study also identified three levels of participation in RIM systems: Readers, Personal Record Managers, and Community Members. Most participants of this study fell into the category of Personal Record Managers, who may maintain their own profiles in a RIM system. This suggests that a majority of researchers may be willing to maintain their research identity profiles. Institutional repository managers may consider recruiting researchers as not only research information and data providers, but also curators of their own research identity data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this paper, we address daily reading practices of the general public in Russia analyzing 10 months of log data from the commercial ebook site Bookmate. We study different reading characteristics with ebooks, i.e. the reading volume and preferences, reading schedule, reading speed and reading style (including parallel reading patterns and book abandonment rates), with respect to reader gender, book length and genre of the book. We find that book genres impact certain reading behaviors, while gender differences or book length seem to play less of a role in ebook reading. Parallel book reading and book abandonment occur very frequently, possibly pointing towards changing reading behaviors in the ebook environment. The obtained insights demonstrate the high potential of log analysis for book reading studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The objective of the paper is to review and synthesize scholarly articles on the threats to the quality of usergenerated content (UGC). In this paper, threats to the quality of UGC are defined as the perpetration of misleading information caused by the lack of editorial control. They include deception, disinformation, manipulation, misinformation and rumors whose veracity cannot be easily established. In particular, this paper identifies (a) the research objectives that had been investigated, (b) the research methods that had been employed, and (c) the disciplines that studied the threats to the quality of UGC. The dominant research objective includes investigating the dynamics of threats. The most widely adopted research methods include quantitative analysis of real world data. This area of research was found to attract both intra-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary scholarly attention. It even attracted attention from practitioners affiliated to non-academic institutes. Finally, this paper serves as a call for scholars to identify possible ways to mitigate the threats to the quality of UGC. It also encourages the use of qualitative approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Professional associations across various fields have largely been struggling to stay relevant. Many have been watching a steady decline in membership numbers over the years. In many cases, members who join do not renew their membership. Existing members complain about the association not giving enough value for their membership dues. While the association does all the right things that it has been doing for the years since its existence, there is often a gap in what a changing membership base or potential audience for membership demands and what the association is able to deliver. In such a scenario, what must associations do to change the tide, to continue to stay relevant, to stem the decline, and to attract new members, and retain the ones they have? Using literature from knowledge management (KM), especially Agarwal & Marouf (2014)'s KM adoption framework, Nonaka & Takeuchi (1995)'s SECI model, and Agarwal & Islam (2014)'s KM Tools framework, and a study of the websites of professional associations in library and information science, this paper proposes a thriving KM strategy as a way for professional associations to not just survive, but to thrive. The ideas presented would be relevant to the leadership of professional associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A significant part of all research takes place in extra-academic organizations. Practitioner researchers often present their results in publications different from those in academia, e.g. in reports, sometimes (and here) referred to as 'gray literature'. Gray literature is increasingly available online. However, availability does not mean that reports are exploited to their full potential in research. Disciplines like archaeology have substantial problems with the scholarly communication and knowledge sharing between extra-academic and academic research. This paper approaches this problem from a report-user perspective. For the benefit of potential report users' gray literature literacies, report-writing practices are analyzed by means of practice theory. Qualitative interviews with six practitioner researchers in Swedish archaeology firms make up the material. The analysis focuses on how report writers draw on regulative, institutional, and infrastructural resources in their practices. Based on the findings about the practices in which reports are written and become informative, the paper presents seven suggestions supporting report users' potential to critically analyze and use report content. The results contribute to the information science field with insights into extra-academic information practices, and as input in a wider critical discussion of the information-related conditions for research outside academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper explores the Designated Community term within the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model. Information practitioners, particularly those who work with varied populations and popular materials such as public- or state-sponsored libraries and museums, complain that this term is counter to their professional, ethical, and legal mandates to serve many types of user. Using interview data from digital preservation practitioners and scholars as well as interview data from OAIS authors, the author examines the meaning and history behind this term and what it prescribes for professional digital preservation practice. This work juxtaposes contentions of digital preservation practitioners with explanations provided by the authors of OAIS about the Designated Community term. The findings in this paper support the author's contention that alternative digital preservation models and metrics are necessary within cultural heritage institutions, like libraries and museums, to meet the professional standards of practice in those areas and to ensure the inclusion of broad populations within the user bases of digital repositories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this poster, we describe partial findings from a larger study that explores the influences of three different citation bases (reference entries, in-text citations, and essential citations) on the results of citation analysis in social sciences and humanities. Various citation characteristics such as document type, document language, self-citation rate, cited half life, and subject distributions of cited works will systematically compared to understand whether the selection of citation base did have an influence on the results. The completed analyses of the sociology discipline will be presented in this poster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Google Scholar (GS) is a database that enables researchers to create their scholarly profiles and keeps track of, among others, their citation counts, and h- and i10-index values. GS is now increasingly being used for research evaluation purposes. Although rich in bibliometric data, GS indexes some duplicate publications and citations, and therefore tends to inflate the citation counts to some extent. Based on a small sample of GS profiles of researchers, this paper aims to study the extent by which duplicates change the citation counts and metrics based thereupon. Findings show that duplicates in GS database somewhat inflates the citation metrics. The scale of the problem as well as the effect of dirty data on performance evaluations based on GS citations data need to be studied further using larger samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper describes an innovative effort to invite the public to participate in the creation of a public resource - to leverage collective wisdom in the health domain. This project involved building a website where people could contribute their experiences of body listening and how they learned/were learning to do it. Within the context of this study, body listening was described as the act of paying attention to the body's signals and cues, which can improve individuals' long-term health management. Over the course of the study, participants and moderators together authored 431 posts and contributed 818 tags. This paper presents an initial analysis of these tags. This analysis makes several intellectual contributions. First, we present a preliminary classification scheme for concepts associated with body listening and self-management that might be used in future efforts to organize knowledge in this domain. Second, we evaluate inter-annotator agreement using this classification scheme, to characterize its potential for use in future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Growth in online, opinion-rich sources of information, such as social networking websites, microblogs, and discussion forums, makes it possible for information to spread and reach others more easily than ever. During social movements the diffusion of ideas on these online platforms, along with other factors, may influence users' decision of what to think or who to support. This paper develops a study to investigate the effects of homophily mechanism as it may impact individuals' opinions and, in particular how opinions about a certain event change over time through mimicry and conformity. In this paper we present a Twitter dataset of communication during the Gezi Park Protests that took place in Turkey in 2013. We also present preliminary results based on text analysis and future steps for testing the effects of homophily mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper presents results of a study that applies a historical bibliometric treatment on the Journal of the Siam Society in the period from 1972 to 1976, aiming to chart a life story of the Journal in such the timeframe. The research approach taken brings together quantitative and qualitative research methods to trace the historical development of a learned publication devoted to the academic studies of Thailand. The bibliometric methods examine the trend and change in the Journal's bibliographic characteristics which are viewed as the intellectual contours of the Journal. Then, these contours are contextualised and interpreted through historical research methods which primarily engage documentary evidence. The findings of the study show that both bibliometric and historical analyses complement each other, suggesting that the research design and methods are workable. Contributions of the study are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Through the findings from a longitudinal survey and the preliminary analysis of the follow-up interviews, this paper explores how international newcomer students' needs for local information and their information-seeking behavior develop during adjustment to new host environments. Also, this study examines the relationships between their local information behaviors and the demographic and socio-national contexts of newcomer students. The results are discussed in a way to deepen our understanding of international students' information-seeking behavior during adjustment to unfamiliar local environments and the various contexts that shape the changes of their information behavior over time. Finally, this paper provides implications for developing information behavior models and theories in the contexts of newcomers and for designing information systems, policies, and services to better support international students' information practices and adjustment in unfamiliar environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As typically conceived, the goal of information retrieval is to help people find what they seek. However, when sensitive content is intermixed with what is sought, it can be equally important to help protect what should not be seen. This paper focuses on one such case, the protection of content that is subject to a claim of attorney-client privilege when sharing evidence incident to civil litigation, a process called e-discovery. Although lawyers have been quick to embrace text classification techniques for finding relevant evidence, the stakes involved in inadvertent disclosure of privileged content create reluctance to trust any fully automated technique to accurately recognize content that can properly be withheld. Rather than starting with privilege classification as a goal, this paper proposes a modest first step for building tools that can help lawyers to make faster and more accurate privilege judgments by scoring the importance of specific email addresses to determine their propensity to engage in privileged communication. Both recursive and heuristic techniques are used to estimate that propensity score, ultimately resulting a coverage of 94% of the email addresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents preliminary findings from an in-depth, exploratory study aimed at gathering an understanding of mobile knowledge workers' information practices, which are presumed distinct from those of non-mobile, stationary, centrally located workers. Its focus arises from a need to understand more, from an empirical standpoint, about the information practices of this increasingly visible yet understudied population. Semi-structured interviews with sixteen mobile knowledge workers suggest that this demographic hones distinct but intertwined practices around dealing with information. Five of these are discussed here; together, they compose a broader mobile knowledge work 'deportment' of sorts. Mobile knowledge workers also appear to use bottom-up technological infrastructures to mediate their information practices, ones that are enacted independently of any organization for which they may work. This is discussed as a ripe area for further research. This paper's findings are relevant for advancing research around mobile knowledge work and information practices generally, and for organizations seeking to better support the work of their own mobile employees specifically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to support innovative scholarship, digital library development must be informed by an understanding of new modes of scholarly production. This paper considers an emergent genre of scholarly publication in the humanities: the digital thematic research collection. While thematic research collections have grown in number and academic significance over the past decade, and this is reflected in the literature on scholarly practice, we do not have a definitive grasp on this exciting phenomenon. What significant features distinguish thematic research collections as a mode of scholarly production? This paper describes a pilot study conducted as part of a project investigating the significant features of thematic research collections. A stronger understanding of thematic research collections will contribute to evolving scholarly evaluation processes for tenure and promotion and the advancement of digital libraries to support new modes of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This panel, comprised of an international team of scholars, will address children's information poverty from three perspectives: 1) information poverty faced by populations who do not see themselves reflected within mainstream picture books; 2) information poverty faced by immigrant children who do not have access to appropriate learning materials; and 3) adults' cultural information poverty around the meaning of young people's encounters with art and culture as part of their everyday life experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper gives a summary of the activities of Watson Davis (1896-1967) during the first half of the 20th century in the area of information organisation and dissemination. Starting from Davis's views on the purpose of information, the paper subsequently describes his projects for the establishment of 'one big library', the Auxiliary Publication Service, 'one big journal', and the 'world brain'. Considering Davis as a member of the Special Libraries and Documentation Movement, his connections with its other members are explored. Subsequently, Davis's ideas are analysed and his legacy to Information Science investigated. The paper argues that Davis is an important link between Information Science and its predecessor Documentation, and therefore that he deserves to be subject of deeper research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Application of the results of an information behavior study and domain analysis of Classics scholars of Latin, graduate students, and high school teachers are presented. The study was conducted to inform the design of the Digital Latin Library. Interviews and task demonstrations were conducted with 16 participants. An in depth domain analysis was also conducted to help researchers and system developers further understand the discipline of Classics and the unique system needs of this community. This paper outlines the detailed work analysis of one aspect of the Classical scholars' scholarly work, development of a critical edit ion, and shows how we modeled this process within the system design. We also illustrate how the rich findings produced from information behavior studies and domain analysis can be used in information representation design of complex, discipline specific systems. Further, it shows how the two methodological approaches within LIS can be used together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Research in document work has tended to take a sociocultural perspective. Recent interest in document experience invites the consideration of document work from the perspective of an individual's lived experience. This paper reports on a holistic, single-case study of how the head gardener at Shofuso Japanese House and Garden, a historic landscape site in Philadelphia, experiences the document work involved in developing a comprehensive garden plan. A hermeneutic analysis of the data reveals how the underlying foundational values of authenticity, education and reducing ambiguity support the process of document work in this case, which involves summoning diverse knowledge, channeling the master and stepping back. This process is punctuated by organizational and historical challenges. These findings suggest that the theoretical framework of foundation-process-challenges may be used to study the lived experience of document work in other cases. Further ramifications are discussed for practice in gardening and historical document work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The management of chronic conditions is often accompanied with the long-term management of health information. By examining how patients manage their health information over time, we can develop guidelines and design technologies to support this patient work, and also contribute the patients' perspective to the existing literature on personal information management. This study explored the long-term personal information management (LTPIM) behaviors of people living with chronic conditions. We conducted semi-structured interviews and photo-documentation with 23 experienced, type 1 diabetes patients. This mixed methods approach helped us identify five LTPIM styles, including designer, achiever, leader, curator and monitor. Those LTPIM styles differ in the information tools people used, the intensity of long-term information management behaviors, and their motivators. The nuances in those LTPIM styles are unique to the context of chronic conditions, but the categorization of those LTPIM styles can potentially be transferable to LTPIM in non-health contexts. Our results support previous literature on the major differences between LTPIM and personal information management in general. Further, we point to issues in current technologies used by patients for LTPIM, indicating a space for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT For centuries, library and information science professionals have been responsible for curating and preserving access to information resources. The last few decades have seen an unprecedented change in how new knowledge is created, disseminated and reused both within academe and industry, which provides new opportunities to intervene within the data lifecycle. This paper documents efforts to create a graduate educational program that produces alum who understand both the social and technical aspects of data analytics and who can effectively employ data to address questions in academe and industry. We share perspectives gained from initial interviews with project partners who have data needs, and report on how those needs directly informed curricula development of the Socio-technical Data Analytics (SODA) program at the School of Information Sciences at the University of Illinois. We also provide a formative student evaluation of the program that was conducted to identify aspects that are successful, and those where further work is needed in order to help other schools who are developing similar programs that prepare a workforce who can effectively reuse data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper reports on the user centered, formative evaluation of tools and the validation of models for the analysis of historical textbooks in the context of the digital history project Children and their World. The goal of the project is to create methods for computer-supported, interactive analysis that can be applied to a large corpus of historical textbooks on history and geography (∼5000 volumes). A first version of a tool for text analysis has been created based on a user centered design process, including a contextual study on current work practices of historians, participative design workshops, and the prioritization of requirements with the project stakeholders. In addition, several generations of text models used in these tools have been iteratively evaluated by the historians in the project. In the context of a cooperative validation study, researchers have used these tools to examine existing hypotheses from the field. The method enables the validation of text models regarding established knowledge, provides additional insights into the requirements for tools and visualizations, and helps to strengthen the expert users' trust in the tools. Based on the findings, this paper proposes four principles for the analysis of a corpus of historical texts. Moreover, the methods presented are discussed regarding the application of user centered design in the context of digital humanities projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Considering the shortages of character interaction network analysis from literary work by literary theorists and computer scientists, this paper combined their methods and conducted qualitative and quantitative approach to extract and analyze character interaction network from literary text. Firstly, it proposed the analysis framework of character interaction network from literary work: one-mode and two-mode network analysis. One-mode network analysis was applied in macro-level (chapters), meso-level (social events) and micro-level (character dialogues). Two-mode network analysis was applied in meso-level (social events). Then two literary scholars manually extracted social events and character dialogues from the fiction 'Journey to the West Prequel' and manually recognized characters in different levels. Then it constructed the one-mode and two-mode matrices based on the proposed standard formula which was based on the idea of co-occurrence. Different matrices were computed and visualized by SNA software. The results validated by literary scholars showed that the proposed analysis framework was applicable in interpreting and revealing the contents of the fiction. Finally, the discussions and further researches were summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Computational thinking complements critical thinking as a way of reasoning to solve problems, make decisions and interact with our world. It draws concepts and techniques such as abstraction, decomposition, algorithmic design, generalization, evaluation and iteration from computer and information science, but has broad application in the arts, sciences, humanities and social sciences. This paper compares computational and critical modes of thinking, identifying concepts and terminology that support cross-disciplinary discourse, inform faculty and curriculum development efforts, and interconnect learning outcomes at the course, program and university level, thus helping programs better articulate contributions to institutional goals. A better understanding of each mode can enrich what we teach aspiring information professionals about computational and critical thinking, how we teach it, and how we apply these skills in our professional work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Participatory mapping is a promising data collection method for use in information behavior (IB) research. It provides an opportunity for participants to think spatially and critically about their community-based information practices. This methodology paper provides an example and offers some critical insights into the use and value of participatory mapping. We present our experiences using this method in a study of community-based health information seeking by LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer) youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper explores representation of Kanaka Maoli (Hawaiian) Hula Dance representation in traditional systems of representation and organization. The paper found baises and diasportization of representation of Hawaiian Culture. Study emphasizes the need to recognize the 'inherent beauty in how and why Indigenous people express and fulfill their desire to learn, preserve, organize, and share knowledge' (Metoyer & Doyle, , p. 475) and advocates a decolonizing methodology to promote alternative information structures in Indigenous communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this paper, we describe preliminary findings of semi-structured interviews with eight testers of the Walk1916 mobile walking tour of the Easter Rising in Dublin, Ireland. While some LAMs have begun to integrate mobile technology into their suite of tools to enhance the cultural heritage experience, most studies align the value of these tools with existing institutional measures of impact. Understanding the ways in which users value a mobile app that integrates digital collections with a walking tour allows LAMs to develop best practices for use of such tools associated with the cultural heritage experiences, as well as ways to assess such tools. Preliminary findings suggest that geo-location and the ability to compare between archival image and modern day add significant value to the users' cultural heritage experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper reports on how LIS authors depict the concept of sustainability of digital archives, repositories and libraries in English language texts from 2000- 2015 indexed in three major LIS databases. Our results show that sustainability is not as popular a topic as one might expect. Results show that most authors discuss sustainability at a superficial level rather than in-depth. Sustainability is a multi-faceted concept, and we explore the prevalence of nine codes, representing different facets of sustainability, in the texts. We found most authors discussed sustainability in terms of technology, management, relationships or revenue. Fewer described assessment, disaster planning or policy facets. We also describe the range and variation in subthemes we encountered within each code. We conclude with suggestions for advancing conversation about organizational sustainability in the LIS literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fake news detection system aims to assist users in detecting and filtering out varieties of potentially deceptive news. The prediction of the chances that a particular news item is intentionally deceptive is based on the analysis of previously seen truthful and deceptive news. A scarcity of deceptive news, available as corpora for predictive modeling, is a major stumbling block in this field of natural language processing (NLP) and deception detection. This paper discusses three types of fake news, each in contrast to genuine serious reporting, and weighs their pros and cons as a corpus for text analytics and predictive modeling. Filtering, vetting, and verifying online information continues to be essential in library and information science (LIS), as the lines between traditional news and online information are blurring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the findings from an online survey investigating how new students seek geospatial information in an unfamiliar environment. By surveying 149 new graduate students at University of Maryland, College Park, this study identifies the geospatial information needs and information sources used during their adjustment in new environments, and examines the factors that may affect different geospatial information behaviors (GIBs) of new students, such as populousness of students' countries of origin on campus, gender, age, and program level (Master's, PhD). Findings include (1) international students' greater emphases on survival-related geospatial information; (2) gender differences in the importance of navigational and transportation information and frequency of using navigational information sources during adjustment; (3) significant differences among socio-national and demographic groups for geospatial information needs and for the use of information sources. The findings are discussed in ways to further our understanding of new students' GIB in unfamiliar environments and inform further research in human information behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the library profession has long defended readers' privacy, a public library patron's personal information is no longer solely in the hands of intrepid librarians determined to defend intellectual freedom. Libraries use vendors to provide a large portion of their digital content. These vendors gain access to extensive personal information about patrons. Libraries often must negotiate with content providers to ensure privacy protections for their patrons that are in accordance with the American Library Association's Code of Ethics. This paper presents the results of a content analysis of the privacy policies of five of the top digital content vendors of American public libraries. We examined whether these privacy policies (1) meet the privacy standards of the library community, (2) meet other industry standards, and (3) are accessible and understandable to public library patrons. Our results demonstrate that while vendors are largely meeting the Fair Information Practices standards of American industry, the policies fail to meet the heightened standards of the library community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the information architecture (IA) of American and Arab academic websites in light of Hofestede's theory of culture and Marcus's elements of design reflecting culture. Using 60 academic websites from American and Arab cultures, the results show that IA is influenced by the cultural dimension of Power Distance and suggest that web designers and developers should strongly consider cultural factors when making design decisions, particularly those related to IA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents preliminary results from a study examining young girls' information seeking in family interactions. Video recordings of everyday interactions of families with girls between the ages of 3 and 6 years were coded for instances of information seeking, which were then analyzed using the methodology of conversation analysis. Results indicate that young girls' information seeking typically occurs in response to ongoing talk and action, with few instances of information seeking unrelated to the locally immediate context of the family interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers in the social and health sciences are used to dealing with confidential data, and repositories in these areas have developed mechanisms to prevent unethical or illegal disclosure of this data. However, other scientific communities also collect data whose disclosure may cause harm to communities, cultures, or the environment. This paper presents results from 62 interviews and observations with archaeologists and zoologists. It focuses on how researchers' perceptions of potential harm influence attitudes about data confidentiality, and how these, in turn, influence opinions about who should be responsible for managing access to data. This is particularly problematic in archaeology when harm is not to a living individual but is targeted at a community or culture that may or may not have living representatives, and in zoology when an environment or a species may be at risk. We find that while both archaeologists and zoologists view location information as highly important and valuable in facilitating use and reuse of data, they also acknowledge that location should at times be considered confidential information since it can be used to facilitate the destruction of cultural property through looting or decimation of endangered species through poaching. While researchers in both disciplines understand the potential dangers of allowing disclosure of this information, they disagree about who should take responsibility for access decisions and conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal health records (PHRs) are on the rise in recent years. To understand why and how people use (or not use) PHRs, it is critical to understand what they value. This paper reports preliminary findings from a thematic analysis of journal articles related to PHRs. Our analysis identified six values with ethical import as being particularly salient to the use of personally identifiable information in this literature: privacy, confidentiality, security, transparency, trust, and human agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To make phenotypic characters of organisms widely useful for computerized biology research, biocurators manually convert character descriptions to a structured format, for example the Entity-Quality (EQ) format. The manual approach is time consuming and affected by inter-curator variations. In this paper we report a software application, CharaParser+EQ, to our knowledge the first software that produces EQ statements from textual character descriptions. We report a recent experiment that evaluates the performance of the software against three experienced biocurators. While the software is still far from being able to compete with biocurators on this highly intellectual task, the results show (1) CharaParser+EQ's performance (precision and recall) is greatly improved compared to a previous version, (2) the completeness of the ontologies used in the process has significant impact both on the software's EQ generation performance and on the agreement among curators, and (3) unlimited access to external knowledge (published papers, books) by curators has no significant impact on inter-curator agreements. A detailed error analysis that compares machine and curator generated EQs is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The population of students with disabilities in post-secondary institutions is significant and rising. The U.S. Department of Education reports that 11% of students, or more than two million students, in post-secondary education report having a disability. Providing accessible versions of materials for courses is a core service of disability-services offices in schools. Finding, obtaining, or generating accessible course content is a challenging process for disability-services providers at institutions ranging from community colleges to research universities, many of which receive hundreds of individualized requests for content each semester. Although a range of sources and services to assist in this process have emerged, they are insufficient and inefficient because they keep people from working together on a complex, shared problem. In the summer of 2015, we conducted a qualitative study of the challenges facing disability services providers in U.S. post-secondary institutions, in order to design and implement information systems that would enable large-scale sharing of locally improved, accessible course content with qualified students in the U.S. This paper reports on the subset of our findings that addresses challenges to providing, sharing, and reusing accessible digital content. Our findings suggest that there are substantial opportunities for the LIS and library communities to apply our expertise to this gap in information services for an expanding population of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Altmetrics is an emerging measure for academic impact and it is gaining in global importance. In this paper, we analyse the altmetric landscape of Singapore, a young nation with a fast growing international research sector. We aim to find out if the coverage of altmetrics across the different disciplines is increasing along with the fast increase in the amount of research publications in recent years. We also look into how altmetrics relate to traditional citation counts as a measure of research impact. From our results, we see that there is overall an 18% coverage of altmetrics of Singapore publications from 2009 to 2013. The number of publications with available altmetric data has also been increasing over the years for most disciplines. Correlation results between citation counts and altmetrics show medium to low correlations with distinct differences amongst the various disciplines. A high coverage of altmetrics however does not seem to lead to larger correlations with citation counts. Singapore thus remains an intriguing case study to watch in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The organization and presentation of books and media is a central part of accessibility in libraries, and a central part of the libraries' presentation of itself. Traditionally, this is based on specific classification schemes, categorization, and alphabetization, performed by trained librarians. This paper investigates a different approach in a children's library, where the children themselves have decided how books should be organized and displayed within the library, and try to identify what messages about childhood the organization, space and design convey. Our initial research suggests that the library's organization promotes serendipity as guiding principle. Giving control to the users signals a desire to empower children, and creating a sense of ownership. The space itself signals fun, but also a homeliness that support multifaceted use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper examines affect in the reading experience to help both readers' advisors and readers as they work to suggest books to readers and choose books for their individual context. Using Grounded Theory analysis of 536 user-generated reviews from 831 bibliographic records of a selection of fiction titles (n=22) in Canadian public libraries whose catalogues allow for the inclusion of user content were analyzed for affective content. The content of the reviews was coded into three categories, Emotions, Tones, and Associations and taxonomies were developed. Emotions are represented by 9 basic categories, and 44 unique emotions, Tones by 11 basic categories and 141 unique tones, and Associations by 7 basic categories and 31 unique associations. Affective access points can serve as an important addition to the bibliographic records for works of fiction and it is suggested that the derived taxonomies could be used as facets by which to narrow the results of a search for readers' advisory efforts in public libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the landscape of data-sharing practices in social sciences via the data sharing profile approach. Guided by two pre-existing conceptual frameworks, Knowledge Infrastructure (KI) and the Theory of Remote Scientific Collaboration (TORSC), we design and test a profile tool that consists of four overarching dimensions for capturing social scientists' data practices, namely: 1) data characteristics, 2) perceived technical infrastructure, 3) perceived organizational context, and 4) individual characteristics. To ensure that the instrument can be applied in real and practical terms, we conduct a case study by collecting responses from 93 early-career social scientists at two research universities in the Pittsburgh Area, U.S. The results suggest that there is no significant difference, in general, among scholars who prefer quantitative, mixed method, or qualitative research methods in terms of research activities and data-sharing practices. We also confirm that there is a gap between participants' attitudes about research openness and their actual sharing behaviors, highlighting the need to study the 'barrier' in addition to the 'incentive' of research data sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present preliminary findings from an exploratory mixed-methods study of foreign-language searchers' credibility assessment of web documents when searching in English. Findings highlight a set of criteria used by these searchers to assess the credibility and accuracy of English web sources, the most frequent of which relates to source reputation. Foreign language searchers are more likely to trust an English language source if it is familiar or if it is the official source of information. Design aesthetics and functionality also have an impact on credibility. Findings have implications for the design of online sources that better support credibility assessments of foreign-language searchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]