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This paper focuses on the problem of the hierarchical multi‐label classification of research papers, which is the task of assigning the set of relevant labels for a paper from a hierarchy, using reduced amounts of labelled training data. Specifically, we study leveraging unlabelled data, which are usually plentiful and easy to collect, in addition to the few available labelled ones in a semi‐supervised learning framework for achieving better performance results. Thus, in this paper, we propose a semi‐supervised approach for the hierarchical multi‐label classification task of research papers based on the well‐known Co‐training algorithm, which exploit content and bibliographic coupling information as two distinct papers' views. In our approach, two hierarchical multi‐label classifiers, are learnt on different views of the labelled data, and iteratively select their most confident unlabelled samples, which are further added to the labelled set. The success of our suggested Co‐training‐based approach lies in two main components. The first is the use of two suggested selection criteria (i.e., Maximum Agreement and Labels Cardinality Consistency) that enforce selecting confident unlabelled samples. The second is the appliance of an oversampling method that rebalances the labels distribution of the initial labelled set, which reduces the reinforcement of the label imbalance issue during the Co‐training learning. The proposed approach is evaluated using a collection of scientific papers extracted from the ACM digital library. Performed experiments show the effectiveness of our approach with regards to several baseline methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although visual arts teachers have free access to high quality online artwork images offering them immense teaching resources, making meaningful use of them remains a pedagogical challenge. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the transition from face‐to‐face to online teaching caused an immediate need for teachers to enhance their digital competencies and technological capability for planning and delivering a blended art curriculum. Herein, I propose a 'teacher‐curator pedagogy' via a study in six primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong to assess its effectiveness. The study took place in the academic year of 2021‐22 with 331 student participants. The proposed pedagogy puts visual arts teachers in the role of 'digital curators' who create virtual exhibitions for teaching art appreciation and artmaking. This paper addresses the theoretical framework, implementation strategies, and the results of the study highlighting its effectiveness, impact and limitations on teaching when using teacher‐curated virtual exhibitions in both physical and virtual learning contexts. It was found that the technological capacity and confidence of the teacher participants was enhanced through the use of online resources and virtual exhibition tools. Making use of the 3D presentation of exhibits in themes and context through digital content curation, the teachers engaged students with deep interaction through the blending of online and face‐to‐face teaching. However, the proposed pedagogy was limited by the high demand of training and preparation work, hardware and software support, and difficulties in assessing and monitoring learning beyond class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces what I term the affective activism of volunteers, civil society organizations, and lorry drivers engaged in relief work to assist stranded migrant workers wanting to travel home during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic and national lockdown in India. I define affective activism as an archival practice that is driven by relief figures' affects of fear, anger, and aspirations—in this instance, toward their legal and administrative accountability to funders. Drawing on my ethnographic work in a relief network and using independent interviews I conducted, this article critically compares two modalities of digital archiving conducted by relief figures: collecting migrant workers' Aadhaar—unique biometric number identifiers issued to Indians—and digitally archiving their relief efforts through videos, voice‐notes, and WhatsApp Messenger screenshots. I argue that relief figures expressed their anxieties in the form of talismanic beliefs that records of Aadhaar and their material infrastructure would keep safe the migrant workers they were trying to help. Alternately, and sometimes, concomitantly, they performatively deployed Whatsapp artifacts to support their accountability in the face of bureaucratic and political specters. Both forms highlight the desire of relief figures to exceed paper forms and state practices in their archival impulses. [affective activism, India relief work, Covid‐19 lockdown, migrant workers, digital archiving, and visual politics] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The archive of aerial photographs, dating 1935–1941 and covering parts of north and central of Ethiopia, is one of the few archives with pre‐1960 remotely sensed data in Africa. It allows adding 30 years of time depth for geographical studies, in contrast to the commonly known oldest imagery dating to 1964, sometimes 1958. These photographs were originally acquired by the Italian military forces, to obtain raw material for warfare purposes and the production of topographic maps. To make the archive accessible, it has been scanned and georeferenced. Procedures used in georeferencing and digitally archiving are detailed in this paper, as well as our experiences with orthorectification and use of the photosets in scientific research. This data set of aerial photographs of Ethiopia in the 1930s has been availed to the wider scientific community through the Pangaea website http://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.920077 (Nyssen et al., 2020, Aerial photographs of Ethiopia 1935–1941) Additionally, a web interface (http://www.ethiopia1935.ugent.be/) allows scientists visualizing the location of relocated photographs, and to select and freely order scenes of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the software development projects have traditionally been faced with severe problems in terms of quality, cost, and time. Researchers and practitioners have focused on agile software development methods (ASDMs) as an alternative to overcome these problems. Agile methods employ iterative development cycles, interspersed by user feedback. Agile methods were basically developed for small development teams. Scaling agile methods is a big issue from different perspectives. De‐motivators play a key role in project management as it allows early identification and prompt management of threats that may arise during project execution. The objective of this paper is to identify the de‐motivators while scaling agile at large, from management perspectives. We have adapted SLR and applied contrived search criteria derived from the research questions, followed by selecting the required research papers, data extraction, and data synthesis, which resulted in 15 de‐motivators from 58 relevant papers. Some of the identified de‐motivators are 'traditional organizational culture', 'lack of agile experts', 'reluctance to adopt', and 'lack of management and commitment support'. The identified factors have been compared from various perspectives, such as continents, digital libraries, organization size, and so forth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses mixed methods to scavenge and analyse lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer and two‐spirit (LGBTQ2S) resources and visibility in public library branches on the periphery of the Vancouver city‐region in the suburban municipalities of Surrey, Burnaby, and New Westminster. It argues that in Canadian suburbs, where access to LGBTQ2S community resources are limited, libraries are simultaneously key public sites of engagement for LGBTQ2S people and places where they continue to face dominant socio‐cultural power relations of hetero and cis‐normativity that determine the availability, visibility, and accessibility of queer materials. Scavenging for queerness within virtual and material library spaces, this paper demonstrates that suburban libraries hold the promise of information and equity while also reinforcing LGBTQ2S absence, invisibility, and exclusion. The promise of social inclusion is carried forward by a few insider activist and ally librarians who act as political change agents within library systems and specific branches by creating queer‐friendly collections, spaces, and programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the international competition for research on practical applications of digital libraries in Developing countries for the year 2001. Sponsorship by American Society for Information Science and Technology Special Interest Group/International Information Issues; Qualifications of participants; List of winning papers in 2000.

This article presents daily rainfall data and metadata for Ireland transcribed from historical manuscript and printed copies of rainfall registers located in Met Éireann's archives. To facilitate the transcription of rainfall observations from paper records, the historical manuscripts were scanned and integrated into Met Éireann's digital archives. The transcription from digital image to data format was undertaken in collaboration with students at Maynooth University as part of a novel crowdsourcing initiative to integrate data rescue activities into the classroom. In total, 3,616 station years of rainfall data (~1.32 million daily values) were transcribed. The data, which was double keyed, have undergone basic quality assurance to check for transcription errors and the resultant raw data and associated metadata are presented here. Ongoing work involves the application of further quality assurance and homogenization techniques to develop a long‐term, quality assured daily rainfall network for Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the winners of the 2006 International Paper Contests by the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIST) Special Interest Group/International Information Issues in its sixth annual competition. The winners include which were selected among 42 authors in different countries include Aditya Nugraha of Indonesia for "Desa Informasi - The Role of Digital Libraries in the Preservation and Dissemination of Indigenous Knowledge," Yashwant Kanade and K. S. Chudamani of India for "A Discourse on Promotion of Reading Habits in India" and P. Jain and Parveen Babbar of India for "Digital Library Initiatives in India." The winners will be given a two-year individual membership to ASIST.

During the last few decades, the widespread growth of scholarly networks and digital libraries has resulted in an explosion of publicly available scholarly data in various forms such as authors, papers, citations, conferences, and journals. This has created interest in the domain of big scholarly data analysis that analyses worldwide dissemination of scientific findings from different perspectives. Although the study of big scholarly data is relatively new, some studies have emerged on how to investigate scholarly data usage in different disciplines. These studies motivate investigating the scholarly data generated via academic technologies such as scholarly networks and digital libraries for building scalable approaches for retrieving, recommending, and analyzing the scholarly content. We have analyzed these studies following a systematic methodology, classifying them into different applications based on literature features and highlighting the machine learning techniques used for this purpose. We also discuss open challenges that remain unsolved to foster future research in the field of scholarly data mining. This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Text MiningApplication Areas > Science and Technology [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Three‐dimensional virtual world (3DVW) have been adopted extensively in the education sector worldwide, and there has been remarkable growth in the application of these environments for distance learning. A wide variety of universities and educational organizations across the world have utilized this technology for their regular learning and teaching programs. The current study conducts a systematic review of the published studies relevant to the application of 3DVWs in higher education. A search of the literature was carried out in eight high‐ranking scientific digital libraries. Following scrutiny according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 165 papers out of 1402 publications were selected for review from a variety of disciplines over a 10‐year time period. The systematic review process were summarised, a number of paper reviews were conducted and results in conjunction with applicability of 3DVWs in higher education were extracted. In this study, various application areas of 3DVWs in higher education were found and classified into 13 main categories. Additionally, implications for research and practice are presented to provide new directions for further research and practice in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we are concerned with the capacity of digital media to enable publics to tell their own environmental stories using digital broadcast archives (DBAs). We consider how digital media afford different ways of telling stories in relation to digital media archives. Central to this discussion is our experience of writing e‐books as part of the AHRC‐funded project "Earth in Vision: BBC coverage of environmental change 1960–2010." The e‐book format has been adopted in order to explore some of the possibilities for writing environmental history and politics using DBAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the online dissemination of scholarly outputs gets faster and easier, altmetrics, social media based indices, have emerged alongside traditional metrics for research evaluation. In a two‐phase survey, we investigate scholars' familiarity and usage of traditional metrics and altmetrics. In this paper, we present the second phase with 448 participants. We found few traditional metrics, like the Journal Impact Factor and number of citations, are familiar to and often used by scholars for research evaluation. Among altmetrics, only views/downloads, readers, and followers are known to more than half the respondents. Unseen benefits and lack of time are hindrances to using metrics for the evaluation of research outputs. Although social media are well‐known, scholars prefer promoting their research by publishing in journals and attending conferences. We found social media usage, perceived ease of use and usefulness of altmetrics affect the usage of altmetrics. Findings suggest altmetrics have attracted attention in academia and could be considered complementary to traditional metrics. We acknowledge that due to the limited sample size, statistics and demographics in this study, findings cannot be said to be representative of the entire academic population worldwide. Future studies are needed that cover a wider range of academic disciplines around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposing eLearning objects on the Web of Data leads to sharing and reusing of educational resources and improves the interoperability of data on the Web. Furthermore, it enriches e-learning content, as it is connected to other valuable resources using the Linked Data principles. This paper describes a study performed on the Organic.Edunet repository, as an e-learning portal in an agricultural context. In this research, we experiment with exposing the Organic. Edunet metadata as Linked Open Data and interlinking its contents to several relevant datasets on the Web. An analysis of the metadata and of the interlinking results is presented in this paper as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sight‐centered digital library (DL) design with complex structures and multimedia formats poses significant challenges for blind users. This study is the first attempt to investigate the top three help‐seeking situations as well as associated factors in blind users' DL interactions. A mixed‐method approach was adopted for this study. Multiple methods were applied to collect data from 30 blind subjects: questionnaires, presearch interviews, think aloud protocols, transaction logs, and postsearch interviews. The paper identifies the top three help‐seeking situations, and associated factors in relation to user, system, task, and interaction. Moreover, different types of main‐level factors were tested to investigate if they are correlated to each type of top situation, and qualitative data of sublevel factors offer insight into how these factors are associated with various situations. Without a clear understanding of these situations and factors, the objective of universal access to information in DLs cannot be achieved. DL design implications are further discussed with the goal of providing system design recommendations for reducing blind users' help‐seeking situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context The advances in information and communication technologies have revolutionized the software development environment from local to global software development (GSD). This revolution also created challenges for vendor organizations. Vendors face challenges in integrating the components developed independently by GSD teams into a final working product. Objective The objectives of the current study is to find out those critical barriers/challenges that hinder the integration process at any stage in the GSD environment for different types and size of projects. Methodology For achieving the objectives we initially conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR). We searched 6 digital libraries and also followed the snowballing technique. The data was extracted from a total of 88 finally selected papers. Findings of the SLR study were then empirically validated through a questionnaire survey in GSD industry. A total of 96 experts from 22 different countries participated in the survey. Results We have found a total of 16 barriers/challenges among which ten barriers are ranked as critical barriers/challenges. Some of the top ranked barriers are 'lack of communication,' 'lack of proper documentation,' 'lack of compatibility,' and 'architecture mismatch.' The findings of our industrial survey are mostly coherent with the SLR findings. However, there is a difference in ranks of the various barriers/challenges across the 2 data sets (SLR and industrial survey). The identified challenges need to be properly addressed by software vendors to reduce the complexity of the integration process in GSD projects. Conclusion We found that the severity of these barriers increases in large size projects. On the other hand, bespoke products are more affected by 'lack of communication,' while off-the-shelf-based projects face integration problems due to 'lack of compatibility,' 'architecture mismatch,' and 'wrong off the shelf product selection and customization'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Popular Internet document repositories, such as online newspapers, digital libraries, and blogs store large amount of text and image data that are frequently accessed by large number of users. Users' input through collaborative commenting or tagging can be very useful in organizing and classifying documents. Some web sites (e.g. Google Image Labeler) support a collection of tags and labels, but a large fraction of these sites do not currently support such activities. Moreover, relying upon centrally controlled web-service providers for such support is probably not a good idea if the objective is to make the collaborative inputs publicly available. Often, business entities offering such web-based tagging environments end up owning and monetizing the result of the collective effort. This paper takes a step toward addressing this problem-it proposes a peer-to-peer (P2P) system (PADMINI), powered by distributed data mining algorithms. In particular, it focuses on learning a P2P classifier from tagged text data. This paper describes the PADMINI system and the distributed text classifier learning components; text classification is posed as a linear program and an asynchronous distributed algorithm is used to solve it. It also presents extensive empirical results on text data obtained from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) proposal abstract database. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2012 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the transition from print journals to electronic (hybrid) journals in the past decade, usage metrics have become an interesting complement to citation metrics. In this article we investigate the similarities of and differences between usage and citation indicators for pharmacy and pharmacology journals and relate the results to a previous study on oncology journals. For the comparison at journal level we use the classical citation indicators as defined in the Journal Citation Reports and compute the corresponding usage indicators. At the article level we not only relate download and citation counts to each other but also try to identify the possible effect of citations upon subsequent downloads. Usage data were provided by ScienceDirect both at the journal level and, for a few selected journals, on a paper-by-paper basis. The corresponding citation data were retrieved from the Web of Science and Journal Citation Reports. Our analyses show that electronic journals have become generally accepted over the last decade. While the supply of ScienceDirect pharma journals rose by 50% between 2001 and 2006, the total number of article downloads (full-text articles [FTAs]) multiplied more than 5-fold in the same period. This also impacted the pattern of scholarly communication (strong increase in the immediacy index) in the past few years. Our results further reveal a close relation between citation and download frequencies. We computed a high correlation at the journal level when using absolute values and a moderate to high correlation when relating usage and citation impact factors. At the article level the rank correlation between downloads and citations was only medium-sized. Differences between downloads and citations exist in terms of obsolescence characteristics. While more than half of the articles are downloaded in the publication year or 1 year later, the median cited half-life was nearly 6 years for our journal sample. Our attempt to reveal a direct influence of citations upon downloads proved not to be feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the second part of a two-part paper which explores methods that can be used to evaluate digital libraries in the health sector. Part 1 focuses on approaches to evaluation that have been proposed for mainstream digital information services. This paper investigates evaluative models developed for some innovative digital library projects, and some major national and international electronic health information projects. The value of ethnographic methods to provide qualitative data to explore outcomes, adding to quantitative approaches based on inputs and outputs is discussed. The paper concludes that new ‘post-positivist’ models of evaluation are needed to cover all the dimensions of the digital library in the health sector, and some ways of doing this are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first part of a two-part paper which explores methods that can be used to evaluate digital libraries in the health sector. In this first part, some approaches to evaluation that have been proposed for mainstream digital information services are examined for their suitability to provide models for the health sector. The paper summarizes some major national and collaborative initiatives to develop measures for digital libraries, and analyses these approaches in terms of their relationship to traditional measures of library performance, which are focused on inputs and outputs, and their relevance to current debates among health information specialists. The second part looks more specifically at evaluative models based on outcomes, and models being developed in the health sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This brief communication builds on the application of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) and reverse image lookup (RIL), a graduated form of CBIR, as assessment tools for digital library image reuse. It combines literature on the definition, history, usefulness, and limitations of RIL and includes a brief analysis of the 4 published digital library image reuse assessment case studies. In its conclusion, the communication paper proposes that RIL offers benefits for digital library managers in the assessment of their collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Super-resolution is a process for obtaining high-quality, high-resolution images from one or a set of low-resolution images. The most practical methods for image super-resolution are reconstruction-based methods, which minimize the difference between observed low-resolution images and the estimate for high-resolution images. Therein, the interpolation step plays a key role in the estimated high-resolution image quality. Usually, the conventional bilinear or bicubic methods are used in reconstruction-based super-resolution. However, these conventional interpolations generally lead to blurring in edge regions and need more time for convergence in the reconstruction-based super-resolution method. Therefore, this paper proposes a gradient-based edge-preserving interpolation method, which can reduce not only artifact noise but also blurring near the edge regions in the estimated high-resolution image. Furthermore, our proposed interpolation method can also solve high-complexity, time-consuming problems in the recently developed new edge-directed interpolation, which usually can achieve sharp edges in the high-resolution reconstructed image. Experiments confirm that our proposed interpolation method for image super-resolution is more effective than the conventional interpolation methods. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(1): 43-50, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11413 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing digital information availability, semantic web technologies have been employed to construct semantic digital libraries in order to ease information comprehension. The use of semantic web enables users to search or visualize resources in a semantic fashion. Semantic web generation is a key process in semantic digital library construction, which converts metadata of digital resources into semantic web data. Many text mining technologies, such as keyword extraction and clustering, have been proposed to generate semantic web data. However, one important type of metadata in publications, called affiliation, is hard to convert into semantic web data precisely because different authors, who have the same affiliation, often express the affiliation in different ways. To address this issue, this paper proposes a clustering method based on normalized compression distance for the purpose of affiliation disambiguation. The experimental results show that our method is able to identify different affiliations that denote the same institutes. The clustering results outperform the well-known k-means clustering method in terms of average precision, F-measure, entropy, and purity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to review the fiercely discussed question of whether the ranking of Wikipedia articles in search engines is justified by the quality of the articles. After an overview of current research on information quality in Wikipedia, a summary of the extended discussion on the quality of encyclopedic entries in general is given. On this basis, a heuristic method for evaluating Wikipedia entries is developed and applied to Wikipedia articles that scored highly in a search engine retrieval effectiveness test and compared with the relevance judgment of jurors. In all search engines tested, Wikipedia results are unanimously judged better by the jurors than other results on the corresponding results position. Relevance judgments often roughly correspond with the results from the heuristic evaluation. Cases in which high relevance judgments are not in accordance with the comparatively low score from the heuristic evaluation are interpreted as an indicator of a high degree of trust in Wikipedia. One of the systemic shortcomings of Wikipedia lies in its necessarily incoherent user model. A further tuning of the suggested criteria catalog, for instance, the different weighing of the supplied criteria, could serve as a starting point for a user model differentiated evaluation of Wikipedia articles. Approved methods of quality evaluation of reference works are applied to Wikipedia articles and integrated with the question of search engine evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic network programming (GNP) is an evolutionary algorithm which represents its solutions by means of graph structures. Since GNP can create quite compact programs and has an implicit memory function, it works especially well in dynamic environments. In addition, a study of the creation of trading rules on stock markets using GNP with Importance Index (GNP-IMX) has been made. The IMX is one of the criteria for decision making. However, the values of the IMXs must be determined by experience and knowledge. Therefore, in this paper, IMXs are adjusted appropriately during stock trading in order to predict the rise and fall of the stocks. In addition, newly defined flag nodes are introduced into GNP, which makes it possible to appropriately judge the current situation of the stock prices, and also contributes to the use of many kinds of nodes in the GNP program. In a simulation, programs were evolved using the stock prices of 20 companies. Then the generalization ability of the method was tested and compared with GNP without flag nodes, GNP without IMX adjustment, and Buy & Hold. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(1): 25-33, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10269 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A distribution network has a huge number of configuration candidates because the network configuration is determined by the states of many sectionalizing switches (opened or closed) installed in terms of keeping power quality, reliability, and so on. Since the feeder current and voltage depend on the network configuration, the distribution loss, voltage imbalance, and bank efficiency can be controlled by changing the states of these switches. In addition, feeder currents and voltages change in response to the outputs of distributed generators (DGs) such as photovoltaic generation systems, wind turbine generation systems, and so on, that are connected to the feeder. Recently, the total number of DGs connected to distribution networks has increased drastically. Therefore, many configuration candidates of distribution networks must be evaluated multiply from various viewpoints such as distribution loss, voltage imbalance, bank efficiency, and so on, considering the power supply from the connected DGs. In this paper, the authors propose a multiobjective optimization method from three evaluation viewpoints, (1) distribution loss, (2) voltage imbalance, and (3) bank efficiency, using Pareto optimal solutions. In the proposed method, after several high-ranking candidates with small distribution loss are extracted by combinatorial optimization, each candidate is evaluated from the viewpoints of voltage imbalance and bank efficiency using the Pareto optimal solution, after which the minimum-loss configuration is chosen as the best configuration among these solutions. Numerical simulations were performed for a real-scale system model consisting of 72 distribution feeders and 234 sectionalizing switches in order to examine the validity of the proposed method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(1): 7-16, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10271 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a nonlinear register control scheme for the latest type of rotogravure printing presses, referred to as the sectional drive system. In printing presses where each gravure cylinder is driven by an individual motor, tension fluctuations caused by an upstream register control generate register errors in downstream units. Therefore, development of a control system to reduce downstream register error propagation is a challenging issue for the printing presses. First, we propose a nonlinear coordinate transformation for the state variables in order to deal with the printing press dynamics easily. Then, based on the new coordinates, a nonlinear control law is designed with the Lyapunov stability theorem such that the register errors converge to zero. Finally. the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation and experiments carried out on a practical printing press, and a comparison with a conventional control method is also presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(1): 17-24, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10282 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a method for real-time tracking of the driver's head pose in a real vehicle environment by using multiple NIR cameras. In order to achieve real-time performance and high accuracy, the head pose is estimated with six degrees of freedom by a particle filter with a restricted state space. First, the 3D position of the nostrils is measured by template matching of stereo images. Because the nostrils are the darkest area in the captured NTR images, we can detect the position of the nose robustly and very precisely. From the 3D position of the nose, we can make an initial estimate of the head pose. Then, each hypothesis is updated by prior probability with the constraint of the nose position. Thus, it is possible to reduce the number of particles while maintaining accuracy. Experimental results indicate that this method is effective for head pose tracking. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(1): 34-42, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10268 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even in today's intensively hyperlinked environment, full bibliographic citations continue to serve the important functions of attribution, accountability, and conversation that are at the heart of scholarly publishing. However, the long-running tradition of citation documentation is being increasingly eroded and challenged by new Web technologies and practices. This paper discusses the implications of scholarly publishing reference practices in the rapidly evolving medium of the Web. A model for greater separation of author-documented citations and user-centric linking is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we extend earlier work on the role of the personality trait of resistance to change (RTC) in the adoption of digital libraries. We present an integrative study, drawing on a number of research streams, including IT adoption, social psychology, and digital-library acceptance. Using structural equation modeling, we confirm RTC as a direct antecedent of effort expectancy. In addition, we also find that by affecting computer anxiety and result demonstrability, RTC acts as an indirect antecedent to both effort expectancy and performance expectancy, which in turn determine user intention to adopt digital library technology. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mark Twain Project Online (MTPO) was launched in October 2007 and, in this first phase, digitally published several thousand of Twain's letters, almost 100 facsimiles of original documents, and over 28,000 records of other correspondence. The partners involved in the building of MTPO – the Mark Twain Papers, the California Digital Library, and University of California Press – created the site on the premise that Web-accessible versions of this content, enhanced by innovative design and site architecture and a suite of research tools, would greatly improve scholars' ability to discover and work with this unique material. Anecdotal feedback supports this premise. Early data analysis confirms the usefulness of facsimiles and browsing functionality. Users tend to prefer simple keyword over complex searches; however, those conducting advanced searches are using the tool flexibly, as we had hoped. Further analysis is expected to improve our understanding of how researchers use these tools in combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Bipolar depression is a core feature of bipolar disorder, a phase in which many patients spend the majority of time and one that confers a significant degree of burden and risk. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the evidence base for the pharmacotherapy of bipolar depression and to discuss the recommendations for its optimal management. Methods: A detailed literature review was undertaken with a particular emphasis on pharmacological treatment strategies for bipolar depression across the acute and maintenance phases of the illness. Electronic library and Web-based searches were performed using recognised tools (MEDLINE, PubMED, EMBASE and PsychINFO) to identify the pertinent literature. A summary of the evidence base is outlined and then distilled into broad clinical recommendations to guide the pharmacological management of bipolar depression. Results: Partitioning treatment into acute and maintenance therapy is difficult based on the paucity of current evidence. The evidence from treatment trials favours the use of lithium and lamotrigine as first-line treatment in preference to valproate, and indicates that, for acute episodes, quetiapine and olanzapine have perhaps achieved equivalence at least in terms of efficacy. However, the effectiveness of the atypical antipsychotics in maintenance therapy is constrained by the potential for significant side effects of individual agents and the lack of both long-term research data and clinical experience in treating bipolar disorder as compared to other agents. Conversely, lithium and the anticonvulsants are generally slower to effect symptomatic change, and this limits their usefulness. Conclusions: There has been a tendency for research trials of bipolar depression to differentiate the illness cross-sectionally into the acute and maintenance phases of bipolar depression; however, in clinical terms, bipolar depression invariably follows a longitudinal course in which the phases of illness are inextricably linked, and useful acute treatments are typically continued in maintenance. Therefore, when medicating mood in acute bipolar depression it is imperative to keep maintenance in mind as it is this aspect of treatment that determines long-term success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number and size of digital repositories containing visual information (images or videos) is increasing and thereby demanding appropriate ways to represent and search these information spaces. Their visualization often relies on reducing the dimensions of the information space to create a lower-dimensional feature space which, from the point-of-view of the end user, will be viewed and interpreted as a perceptual space. Critically for information visualization, the degree to which the feature and perceptual spaces correspond is still an open research question. In this paper we report the results of three studies which indicate that distance (or dissimilarity) matrices based on low-level visual features, in conjunction with various similarity measures commonly used in current CBIR systems, correlate with human similarity judgments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Joint Information Systems Committee and the National Science Foundation programme, Digital Libraries in the Classroom (DLiC), addresses implications for the learning of the revolution in scholarly communication. What are the obstacles to undergraduates ‘ “writing” on and for the Internet’? Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) is a partner in one of the DLiC-funded projects, Spoken Word. At GCU the focus was on the practical demonstration of the implications and potential for learning of a remote electronic library extremely and extensively rich in culturally significant multimedia; the archives of the British Broadcasting Corporation. This paper considers one significant objective—embedding the developments generated in the project. It considers the reactions of major stakeholders to the attempts of the project team to raise institutional awareness of developments and pursue a strategy to induce change. This account is interim; the project has a 5-year life, from 2003 to 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of the computing power as well as the success of standards such as X3D point to a future omnipresence of 3D in the multimedia world. A broad panoply of tools assisting designers when building realistic 3D scenes exists. In a near future, a new challenge will be to control the quantity of 3D contents that will be available. For instance, large amounts of 2D or 3D geographic data are spread all over the Internet. Nevertheless, appropriate description techniques and tools for the deployment and the retrieval of such data are still lacking. Our global objective is to propose a geographic digital library which can be exploited for describing, annotating and indexing geographic contents using geometric and topologic descriptions, geographic and appearance features, and semantics. Descriptions, annotations, and indexations are then exploited in queries to retrieve contents. The existing 3D scene description languages are generally free of any semantic information which could improve the management of 3D data (and especially research and re-use). In this paper, we propose the construction of geographic 3D data warehouses managed by a semantic digital library 3DSDL (3D Semantic Digital Library). This library, through a standardized communication interface, gives access to all the 3D models indexed in the warehouse and facilitates their exploitation. Each object is characterized by a set of both semantic and geographic annotations and some common features (colour, geometry, and topology). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: The aim of this two-part paper is to identify the main transferable lessons learned from both the quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the KA24 (Knowledge Access 24) service of online databases and selected full-text journals for health and social care staff in London and the south-east of England. The objectives of the qualitative evaluation were to assess the enablers and barriers to usage, and to assess the impact of the service on patient care. Methods: Telephone interviews ( n = 65) and a questionnaire survey ( n = 296) were conducted with various types of user, in various Trust settings. Some non-users were also contacted. Selection of interviewees and questionnaire recipients was not random, and aimed to cover all groups of users representatively. Results: Results show that policy goals were being delivered, with indications of changes to clinical practice, and improved clinical governance. Promotion, training and support needs to be extensive, and tailored to needs, but users are not always aware they need training. The sharing of passwords cast doubts on the reliability of some usage data. Conclusions: Digital health library services, delivered at the point of care, are changing the way some clinicians practise. A combination of qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods are needed to assess digital library services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports that as the first digital science, astronomy has long been a leader in the information technologies that are transforming our civilization. With respect to the astronomical technical literature, the close collaboration of the data centers, the journals and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrophysics Data System (ADS) has created URANIA, a fully integrated system of enormous power. Within just a few years it has become universally used. At the heart of this system, the ADS presides over a huge database, with many of the data sets being brought together for the first time. Simple queries, such as "show me the most cited papers containing the phrase redshift survey" were not possible before the ADS merged the text and citation databases in 1997. This article shows that very sophisticated and powerful retrieval algorithms can be created by merging text, citation and reference databases with a database of articles and their readers. Surely numerous new techniques will be developed in the coming years that take advantage of the tremendous possibilities inherent in these data.

Textbooks are more available in electronic format now than in the past. Because textbooks are typically large, the end user needs effective tools to rapidly access information encapsulated in textbooks stored in digital libraries. Statistical similarity-based links among hyper-textbooks are a means to provide those tools. In this paper, the design and the implementation of a tool that generates networks of links within and across hyper-textbooks through a completely automatic and unsupervised procedure is described. The design is based on statistical techniques. The overall methodology is presented together with the results of a case study reached through a working prototype that shows that connecting hyper-textbooks is an efficient way to provide an effective retrieval capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addresses the promise and challenges of designing digital information systems and libraries in the domain of flora and fauna. Moving taxonomic paper publications to electronic environment; Complementing major international initiatives; Characteristics of floras and faunas and their use.

The article reports on the recent developments in managing electronic resources in libraries. Accordingly, the demand for electronic resources calls for a more integrated solution because managing and storing information in spreadsheets and paper files becomes more difficult. In response to it, several libraries developed their own electronic resource management systems including the Digital Library Federation's Electronic Resources Management Initiative, an initiative group composed of librarians directed by Tim Jewell from the University of Washington. Together, they began to develop common tools for managing the license agreements including a set of functional requirements, an entity-relationship diagram and data element dictionary.

SUMMARY This paper investigates stabilizing receding horizon control via an image space navigation function for three-dimensional ( 3D) visual feedback systems. First, we describe the representation of a relative pose and a camera model. Next, a visual motion error system which can handle time-varying desired motion is constructed. Then, visual motion observer-based stabilizing receding horizon control for 3D visual feedback systems is proposed. Moreover, a path planner appropriate for the visual motion error system is designed through an image space navigation function to keep all features in the camera field of view. The main contribution of this paper is to show that the path planner which always remains in the camera field of view during servoing is designed for position-based visual feedback receding horizon control based on optimal control theory. Finally, we present simulation and nonlinear experimental results in order to verify control performance with visibility maintenance of the proposed control scheme. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(10): 12-21, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11493 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the working of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) and the author's last column to this journal as president of this society. According to the author ASIS&T is the very best of professional association. ASIS&T membership dues have not increased since 1998. Calculating a compounded 3% cost of living increase over six years showed the dues structure to be woefully lacking. The Board unanimously voted to move the Annual Meeting Proceedings to electronic format only, beginning at the 2005 meeting. Portable electronic formats of the proceedings will be distributed at the conference and will be available to registrants prior to the meeting. Students will now receive copies of the proceedings as part of the conference registration. The new job placement service from ASIS&T is up and running, powered by Job Target. The Board unanimously voted to cease publication of Jobline in paper format. The Board requested that a line item be added and maintained in the ASIS&T budget to support the maintenance of the Digital Library.

Editorial. Related the author's working experience in a British hybrid medical library, a library which can provide a one-stop-shop for both hardcopy and electronic resources. Emergence of CD-ROM technology, smart card technology and electronic books; Need for health/medical librarians to develop services within the context of the hybrid paper and electronic information mix.

This article presents news briefs related to the American Society for Information Science and Technology's members and chapters. Special Interest Group (SIG)/International Information Issues raised over $7000 in just two months this spring for the 6th International Paper Contest on International Digital Libraries and Information Science and Technology Advances in Developing Countries. With fundraising a continuing process, SIG officials expressed pleasure and expectation for ongoing support from the information community. For its June 2005 meeting, the Los Angeles Chapter of the American Society for Information Science and Technology combined a professional development workshop on Personal Knowledge Management: Coping with Information Overload with a business meeting. Karen Fisher, Joan Durrance and Marian Bouch Hinton are the winners of ALA's 2005 Jesse H. Shera Award for Distinguished Published Research, for their article "Information Grounds and the Use of Need-based Services by Immigrants in Queens, NY: A Context-based, Outcome Evaluation Approach."

Abstract Over the last three years, a digital library interface has been developed where two children can collaborate using multiple mice on a single computer to access multimedia information concerning animals. This technology, SearchKids , supports past work in copresent collaborative zoomable interfaces for young children. This paper describes the differences in children's collaborative behaviour and dialogue when using two different software conditions to search for animals in the digital library. In this study, half the children had to ‘confirm’ their collaborative activities (e.g. both children had to click on a given area to move to that area). The other half used an ‘independent’ collaboration technique (e.g. just one mouse click allowed the pair to move to that area). The participants in this study were 98 second and third grade children (ages 7–9 year-old) from a suburban public elementary school in Prince George's County, Maryland. The results of the study show distinct differences between conditions in how children discussed their shared goals, collaborative tasks, and what outcomes they had in successfully finding multimedia information in the digital library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]