Search

This paper describes a case study of a single-family home to apply Six Sigma Problem Solving Methods and tools to reduce the electricity Bill and usage. The goal of the project was to identify and implement improvements that would reduce electricity usage and hence reducing electricity bill. The project team applied the Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) problem solving approach. Six Sigma is a framework to improve performance Process or Tasks. The author of the paper has been working on the topic over the past 1 year. The author was able to reduce the electricity bill by 50-60% by making some proper research and lifestyle change. The highest bill that was noted is $135 a month and lowest after performing the control measures came down to $57 a month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an agent-based model is employed to study urban farm interconnectivity, with the goal of increasing food availability for the population and efficiently managing food, energy and water resources. Urban farms are presented as a case study, that belong to community microgrids that generate electricity from renewables (solar, wind), in the province of Chiriqui in Panama, is utilized to investigate the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus. The idea of different farms serving different communities can be viable, however, sometimes there is a shortage of fresh food, or other times a surplus of fresh food, which leads to food wastage. Food waste has the capability of being transformed into fertilizers or into biomass energy, however when we consider the associated natural resources and costs used to produce food, avoiding waste would be a better alternative. Thus, it is crucial to investigate the food supply chain, and the interaction between different urban farms in a community shared agriculture fashion. An optimization model is employed to minimize food transportation cost between the farms within the agent-based framework. The results show that food availability is improved due to the exchange between farms while food wastage is reduced by 17,137kg. Furthermore, the simulations show that the sharing of energy through the microgrid employing renewable energy is economical and significantly reduced carbon emissions by avoiding 13,078 tonnes of CO2 and generating 16,560 Mwh of electricity through solar, and 2,333 Mwh of electricity through wind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on analyzing customer load profiles and their impact on the electric distribution grid in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. With the increasing number of Filipinos working from home, energy consumption has surged, making it crucial for electric distribution companies to classify customer profiles based on energy usage. In this paper, we collected residential data from a Philippine electric distribution company during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective is to employ clustering methods, particularly the K-means algorithm, to group customer profiles and determine the optimal number of clusters using the multi-criteria model and elbow method. All simulation were performed using MATLAB platform. This study provides valuable insights for electric distribution companies in managing customer load profiles and optimizing the distribution grid amidst the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Container stowage problems are rich optimization problems with both high economic and environmental impact. These problems are typically decomposed into a master bay planning phase, which distributes containers to bay sections of the vessel, and a slot planning phase, which assigns a specific slot within the bay section to each container. In this paper, we extend existing models for slot planning by considering containers with dangerous goods. An important contribution of this paper is that we provide a model closer to the real-world problems faced by planners, and thus solutions based on this model should be easier to implement in practice. We show that our model can be solved to optimality in reasonable time using standard software like Gurobi or CPLEX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic's discovery resulted in a profound shift in human lives, and it is now used in a wide range of critical applications. Despite its importance, the world is struggling to control plastic waste and prevent it from infiltrating the natural environment. This paper intends to evaluate the environmental burdens of various plastic waste management scenarios using life cycle assessment (LCA). This paper evaluated five options: landfill, incineration, mechanical recycling, pyrolysis, and combined mechanical recycling and pyrolysis. The CML-IA Baseline approach is employed in this study for all scenarios, with OpenLCA software. The data for this paper came from the Ecoinvent 3.9.1 database and public reports. The last scenario, which is combined mechanical recycling and pyrolysis was found to have the lowest environmental burdens, according to the LCA results. Furthermore, the combined scenario may absorb a greater range of plastic waste, improving the whole waste management system to transition to a circular economy. Therefore, it is advised to build a portfolio of plastic waste handling techniques that provide high quality recovered products to meet numerous consumer requirements. Since it was established in this study that renewable energy has a notable favorable environmental impact across all impact categories, using renewable energy for electricity generation was recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transportation electrification is one of the most effective ways to reduce the emission pollution in metropolitans. For this reason, the government of many of countries defined an incentive based policies to increase the penetration of electric vehicles in the cities, especially in large cities. Although the electric vehicles can have a positive impact of emission reduction, their development have some strong challenges that should be considered in roadmap designing process. The electric vehicles have various strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) that need to be analyzed. In this paper, the SWOT analysis of electric vehicles will be carried out from technical, economic, and environmental perspectives. The challenges of electric vehicles integration on electricity networks will be investigated and the practical solutions to address these challenges will be presented. Moreover, from the economic perspective, the market challenges from the buyers, manufactures, and governments points of view will be analyzed. Finally, the impact of electric vehicles on emission reduction will be studied and the practical ways to increase their positive impacts will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an ultra high-energy efficiency 2200W four-pole three-phase asynchronous motor which comprises a stator and a rotor. Design of external diameters, internal diameters, length of iron cores, number of punching sheet grooves, and shape and size of the grooves of the stator and the rotor is systematically optimized so that stator winding loss, rotor winding loss, and iron core loss are substantially reduced. Compared with existing similar products, the total energy loss amount is reduced from 505.5W to 291.4W, and the reduction is 42.4% under the premise of the same output power of 2200W. The required input power is reduced from the original 2.706kW to 2.491kW, the energy conversion efficiency is increased from 81.3% to 88.3%, and the increment is 7.0%. Compared with the standard of IE3-86.7% Efficiency is improved to by changing the stator/ rotor slot number for 2.2kW -4 poles in this paper. An analytical program will investigate average torque and efficiency with different geometrical parameters of rotor bars considering the saturation of magnetizing current. The Squirrel Cage Induction motor-SCIM with 36 stator slots/ 44 and 40 rotor bars are verified underrated power. Their electromagnetic characteristics such as electromagnetic torque, losses, and efficiency are compared in between three configurations. The paper contributes that the proper rotor slot number selection has a strong impact on the induction motor and the best design is applied for a 2.2kW induction motor with fixed stator and rotor diameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global electricity consumption has continued to grow rapidly. This growth of consumption shows that energy will be one of the major problems in the future. Maintenance of the energy supply is essential, as the interruption of this service leads to higher expenses, representing substantial monetary losses and even legal penalties for the power generation company (Azam et al, 2021). Hydroelectricity is the basis of the Brazilian energy matrix. Therefore, it is clear the need to maintain the availability and operational reliability of hydroelectric plants, so as not to compromise the continuity and conformity (quality) of the electrical energy supply to the end consumer. Ensuring availability along with the reliability of hydroelectric plants can be maintained by employing appropriate maintenance policies that reduce the likelihood of failure or even eliminate its root causes, preventing failure from occurring. The aim of this paper is presenting a proposed smart maintenance system model that integrates Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithm and FMECA (Failure Mode, Effects & Criticality Analysis) database automated by Power BI® for the development of consistent maintenance plans for hydrogenerators assets. This integrated innovative tool can identify the operational subsystem chronic failure modes supporting industrial managers to incorporate tasks aimed at strengthening and increasing the maintenance plan consistency in blocking failure modes before them occurrences. This work was applied to a case study in a 525 Kv transformer of a hydrogenerator unit type Francis to demonstrate its use and contribute to its understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world becomes increasingly aware of the devastating effects of climate change, national leaders have united to tackle the challenge of decarbonisation. Electricity production, being the highest carbon-intensive industry, has the largest share in global greenhouse gas emissions, making it an essential target for decarbonisation. Replacing fossil fuel-based power generation with non-carbon alternatives such as renewables or nuclear is crucial for deep decarbonisation of the electricity system. However, integrating these technologies is not without challenges. Nuclear plants pose risks such as radiation leaks, while renewables are dependent on the forces of nature and have variable generation. Effective supply-side management strategies are required to overcome these challenges and achieve carbon neutrality by 2040. This paper presents two scenarios developed to study the effectiveness of supply-side solutions in a transitioning electricity system. We have considered Karnataka electricity system (a state in India) as a base case which is rich in solar, wind and hydro resources endowments. The two scenarios developed are KASTATUSQUO, which assumes the existing supply-mix will continue with new capacity additions during 2019-2040 and, KARENNOTRADE, which assumes full retirement of coal-thermal capacity, zero electricity trade, and new capacity additions in renewable energy sources during 2019-2040. The model results suggest that phased retirement of existing thermal power plants and increased renewable capacity could achieve the goal. However, achieving a closed electricity system with no external transactions or inter-region electricity trade would require an additional investment of Rs. 1029 billion. KARENNOTRADE scenario is environmentally viable as there are no emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zimbabwe is considered as one of the developing countries in Africa. Analytical statistics show that as the country will be developing, the power demand in that country will also increase. Currently, the amount of the power that is being generated in Zimbabwe is lower than that required for consumption. The power utility company in Zimbabwe, ZESA, prefers load shedding when such a scenario that consumption exceeds generation occurs. Load shedding can be an intentionally engineered electrical power outage where electricity supply is stopped for non-overlapping period over a particular zone. Currently, load shedding is done manually where an electrician will be assigned a task to go to the substations and isolate as well as restore power when the intended period of the shedding is reached. This has never been an effective method since it doesn't allow operations to be done effectively in emergency scenarios which is leading to equipment failure. This has also caused a lot of accidents to the operators since the reclosers are prone to many hazards such as explosions and arcs when being operated. This paper is intended to phase out manual load operations and allow load operations to be performed remotely using low cost GSM module or RTC technology that if the period of shedding is foreknown, the system can be hardcoded so that it will isolate power and restore power when the set period is reached automatically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity is a very important energy in the modern civilization. It helps us to be productive and improves the quality of living. Kappadi region of Udupi district in Karnataka India, faces many difficult to get access the electric energy. Therefore, it is very important to find new solutions for electric generation in the rural areas (at load centers) which are cost effective and sustainable. This project aims to make use of renewable resources such as hydro energy and convert it into useful electric energy by installing a micro hydro power plant at kappadi. As per the research and based on the calculations there is a probability of generation up to 20kw power from a head of 1.5 to 3.34 meters using bulb turbine. This paper comprises all the data which will help to analyze how power can be generated with less head, also it reveals all methods which were carried out well enough to ensure that this proposal is eximious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper has the main objective to study in Smelter Mining in Indonesia. Energy contributed more than 30 Percent of total cash cost production Smelter. Due to This Condition, Smelter Plant must be controlling budget power plant to reduce cash cost production of plant. Existing Power Plant PT Antam, Tbk consumed Fuel Oil as fuel to produce Electricity. In order to get efficiency and then excellence Operation must be analysis the other option for fuel to produce electricity. Case Study research is conducted by reviewing secondary data from PT Antam, Tbk. This case to implementing diversification strategies. The Expectation gives positive Impacts on the financial and operation to the PT Antam,Tbk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity is widely used to manufacture goods and services in all sectors of the economy. While a country's standard of living and degree of economic development is primarily determined by its energy use, electricity generation and distribution influence productivity and overall economic growth. Unfortunately, many developing nations, like Nigeria, are still unable to supply their populations with enough long-term power, which is essential to enhance their standard of life and fuel economic progress. Despite being Africa's largest economy, only around 60% of the Nigeria's 200 million residents has access to electric power. With a rapidly expanding population, it is critical to increase electrical supply to satisfy demand. The Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) wants to boost access to power from 45 percent to 90 percent by 2030. This paper examines policies created from 2001 to 2020 to investigate how they increased the country's generation and supply of electricity. The findings demonstrate that, because Nigeria is still in the early phases of economic development, it would be sensible to promote renewable energy to boost the economy, decrease energy poverty, and protect the environment. This may be accomplished by diversifying the country's energy mix and constructing renewable energy power plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insufficient supply of electricity has necessitated research in renewable energy fields such natural gas power plants. Many diseases in society today are traced to greenhouse gases that are emitted into the atmosphere from many power plant operations. Boilers are the main components for electricity generation but they have high carbon footprint and provide insufficient steam to generate sufficient electricity. Natural gas power plant boilers was designed as a cost effective alternative to satisfying electricity demand and carbon footprint reduction. The boiler is used in power plant to produce high pressured steam and passes it into a turbine to power the generator to generate electricity. Three concepts were developed and rated with the one with highest score chosen. The model in this paper is novel since some features were added in this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, the impact of energy demand on the environment has increased global nations focus on sustainability efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that required intervention and a shared sense of responsibility. The need for a long-term sustainable energy policy became of high importance due to the increasing CO2 emissions and the rising marginal cost of natural gas supply, which is the primary backbone of the UAE domestic energy system. The UAE government recognized the need to deploy renewable energy to address climate change and CO2 emission problem by diversifying their energy resources, but the critical challenge is to minimize the gap between RE policy formulation and actual implementation. This study conducts intensive research to support solar energy deployment in the UAE by introducing a framework to promote feasible RE policy mechanisms that can be implemented to break up the monopoly. Therefore, the research intends to assist UAE electricity authorities in considering RE policies to meet the energy demand by taking advantage of UAE's abundant solar irradiance, which reduces the dependence on fossil fuels. However, the paper's main findings indicate RE policies to promote sustainability deployment, including feed-in-tariffs (FIT), net metering, RE auctions (tendering), quotas, and tax credits. In contrast, a mixed FIT policy and quota policy is recommended for the UAE's electricity sector whereas the significant factors influencing RE development are geographical, economic, technological, environmental, and political factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trend of coal production in Indonesia has been increasing since 2020. This increase in coal production also has an impact on sales of heavy equipment. Heavy equipment sales have increased from 2020 to the first semester of 2022. Mining haul trucks are currently equipped with industrial 4.0 technology, namely IoT, which can be used to monitor equipment health. Through predictive maintenance or maintenance 4.0, companies can manage resources and energy efficiently. The complexity of technology and this digital revolution if not managed properly will have a negative impact, one of them is reducing the competitiveness of a company. This study aims to identify maturity levels of maintenance in coal mining actors in Indonesia, especially about data driven asset management. There are four maintenance maturity levels that will be assessed: visual inspections, instrument inspections, real time monitoring, and predictive maintenance in industry 4.0. It will be combined with three data maturity levels: initial, established, and advanced. Questionnaire is used to collect opinions of maintenance managers as the owner of maintenance process about their experience in conducting maintenance. It is then summarized to state maturity level of maintenance practices in an Indonesian coal mining contracting company. It is concluded that maintenance characteristics in this company mostly fit with predictive maintenance in industry 4.0 characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is being adopted worldwide by electric utilities because of the benefits offered by the automated meter data it provides. The utility industry has been exploring methods to best leverage the abundance of AMI data now available to maximize customer power quality and develop delivery efficiencies to reduce customer electricity rates. Utilities are required by regulations to provide power at voltage levels within a set bandwidth of the nominal delivery voltage to the customer. Variances in the voltage delivered by utilities can cause a multitude of issues for the individual customer and for the entire distribution grid system. AMI meters are capable of providing voltage data at frequent time intervals, a 1-hour interval sample and 15-minute interval sample are quite common. A DMAIC process can be developed to allow an electric utility to appropriately review and act upon the AMI voltage data available. In this paper the voltage specifications will be defined (D) and measurement (M) of data explained. Analysis (A) of the abundant data is an area of significance. Suggestions are made from the analysis to improve (I) the utility management of voltage issues and control (C) the distribution grid to better maintain within specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MBKM KKN solar village is a program to encourage renewable energy in villages, thereby reducing dependence on conventional electricity by using solar cell-based electricity. Trending solar village articles on scopus.com. document by year, article title solar village, results of 102 documents, range of years to analyze: 2011 to 2021, only 1 (one) Indonesia affiliation, Universitas Gadjah Mada with 2 research article "solar village", Indonesia has 6 (six) research article "solar village". Analysis data using Crosstab, provides input or insight into the nature of the relationship because adding one or more variables to a two-way cross-qualification analysis is the same as keeping each variable constant. The research population is all students of Narotama University, 1633 students. The best Study Program for implementing MBKM KKN Village, are Civil Engineering (MBKM ranked 2) and Law (MBKM ranked 2), will improve especially MBKM KKN solar village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slaughterhouse operations generate huge volumes of organic wastes which include dung, fats, blood, animal trimmings, urine, and paunch contents. Slaughterhouse wastes should be carefully handled and processed because are a potential source of bacterial, prion, viral, and parasitic pathogens, that can infect humans and animals. Disposal methods include composting, rendering, anaerobic digestion (AD), alkaline hydrolysis (AH), incineration and incineration. Slaughterhouse waste especially that with high fat and protein of slaughterhouse is excellent substrate for anaerobic digestion processes that leads to both disposal, nutrient recycling, and in methane generation. Slaughterhouse waste can pollute air, soil, and water if disposed of untreated or poorly managed. This study demonstrates the potential of abattoir waste in the energy transition to renewable energy and low carbon electricity. The performance of operating slaughterhouse was used as a basis feasibility assessment. The composition of slaughterhouse waste was presented, and production output estimated under current and optimal conditions. Slaughterhouses can be meet their own internal energy use and export excess as biogas, biomethane or electricity. This will earn extra revenue, mitigate against greenhouse gas emissions by displacing fossil fuel sources and solve the challenge of waste treatment and disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MBKM KKN solar village is a program to encourage renewable energy in villages, thereby reducing dependence on conventional electricity by using solar cell-based electricity. Trending solar village articles on scopus.com. document by year, article title solar village, results of 102 documents, range of years to analyze: 2011 to 2021, only 1 (one) Indonesia affiliation, Universitas Gadjah Mada with 2 research article "solar village", Indonesia has 6 (six) research article "solar village". Analysis data using Crosstab, provides input or insight into the nature of the relationship because adding one or more variables to a two-way cross-qualification analysis is the same as keeping each variable constant. The research population is all students of Narotama University, 1633 students. The best Study Program for implementing MBKM KKN Village, are Civil Engineering (MBKM ranked 2) and Law (MBKM ranked 2), will improve especially MBKM KKN solar village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literacy is crucial because it is a gateway for information, knowledge, and technological mastery. Literacy can be a deciding factor in someone working to find a better income. So, electricity is a basic requirement for at least household lighting. but with the development of technology making electricity can be used for various kinds of equipment. Poverty becomes a very complex problem that has broad impacts. Poverty destroys purchasing power, decreases human quality, and decreases economic welfare. Therefore, this paper wants to test how literacy and electricity can fight poverty. The econometrics model in this study is the effect of literacy and electricity on poverty in the Indonesian Territory. This study uses secondary data cross section as many as 501 districts and cities in Indonesia. The analytical method in this study is Robust Least Squared Model. The results of the analysis of this study conclude that an increase in literacy and electricity can significantly reduce poverty. Every 1% increase in literacy will reduce the poverty gap index by 0.066, then every 1% increase in household access to electricity will reduce the poverty gap index by 0.052. This study suggests that the policy of literacy program and fulfilling electricity is crucial to combating poverty in all regions in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literacy is crucial because it is a gateway for information, knowledge, and technological mastery. Literacy can be a deciding factor in someone working to find a better income. So, electricity is a basic requirement for at least household lighting. but with the development of technology making electricity can be used for various kinds of equipment. Poverty becomes a very complex problem that has broad impacts. Poverty destroys purchasing power, decreases human quality, and decreases economic welfare. Therefore, this paper wants to test how literacy and electricity can fight poverty. The econometrics model in this study is the effect of literacy and electricity on poverty in the Indonesian Territory. This study uses secondary data cross section as many as 501 districts and cities in Indonesia. The analytical method in this study is Robust Least Squared Model. The results of the analysis of this study conclude that an increase in literacy and electricity can significantly reduce poverty. Every 1% increase in literacy will reduce the poverty gap index by 0.066, then every 1% increase in household access to electricity will reduce the poverty gap index by 0.052. This study suggests that the policy of literacy program and fulfilling electricity is crucial to combating poverty in all regions in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, debates addressing climate change, fossil fuel depletion, and energy saving highlight the need for a more sustainable built environment to reduce energy consumption and emission trends in the building sector. With a primary focus on commercial buildings in Sri Lanka, where Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems account for a significant portion of electricity usage, this research investigates into the underexplored area of airside efficiency strategies. For this purpose, a comprehensive literature synthesis was conducted, and a qualitative research approach using a semi-structured interview survey was conducted targeting 17 experts. The collected data was then analysed using content analysis. The findings of the research revealed 17 strategies under 3 categories namely, Air Handling Unit (AHU) optimisation, system design and layout optimisation, and cooling system optimisation. Key strategies identified are, the installation of efficient AHU filters, Variable Air Volume (VAV) system implementation, advanced controls and automation, reduction of coil losses, Variable Speed Drive (VSDs) installation, a control system addressing varying loads, night purging and air distribution and balancing. The knowledge gathered through this study can be used by respective industry professionals to enhance HVAC energy performance, while it will also help the academia to research more on this sub-branch of HVAC system in the Sri Lankan context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from marginal to dominant renewable energy systems in electricity generation globally has posed new challenges in terms of intermittency, variability, uncertainty and low-reliability. This situation has led to a significant supply-demand gap in terms of temporal mismatch (times of supply and demand) and quantity mismatch (high supply with low demand, and vice versa). These mismatches lead to several issues, including surplus or insufficient electricity generation, erratic grid operation, etc. Hence, the electricity planners have to match "dynamic supply with dynamic demand.". In managing such a transitioning electricity system, the planning from the electricity supply side requires efficient management of existing electric power systems, on rationalizing generation portfolios. Therefore, to address these decisions, we have developed a generic linear programming-based optimisation model that dynamically balances supply and demand at least cost. In addition to achieving this objective of dynamic supply-demand balance, the model is designed to evaluate all the supply-side options and arrive at a least-cost generation portfolio. This would enable an RE dominated electricity taking in to account the inherent challenges associated with renewable energy integration. The model is validated using data from the electricity system of Karnataka, India where actual data was compared to modelled outputs for the calendar year 2019. Precision metrics, which measures standard error, were used to assess the model's accuracy. The results indicated that the standard error ranged from ±10%, which is within acceptable limits. This model can be effectively used for electricity transition planning and can provide critical inputs to policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power production systems are made up of assets that support material handling and production of electricity. As these assets deteriorate, it may be difficult to deliver the expected quality of service, and to meet regulatory requirements and sustainable development goals (Lutchman, 2018). Moreover, Covid 19 has accelerated both manufacturing and service industries to go digital (Biard & Nour, 2021), increasing demand for both electrical power and production systems reliability. This challenge imposes an increase in the focus on efficiency of physical asset management and has prompted power production Industries to look for innovative solutions that yield maximum value for physical asset management functions. The arrival of asset management 4.0 concepts enables the exploitation of big data to improve and manage system reliability (Longhitano, et al., 2021). Furthermore, asset performance depends on various factors like quality of maintenance and operating environmental factors, such that even two identical assets will seldom obey their estimated mean time to failure (Longhitano, et al., 2021). Considering this, a data driven approach is necessary as it spot deviations in time and maintenance is done when required, increasing its effectiveness (Jasiulewicz-Kaczmarek, et al., 2020). The present research aims to develop a data driven asset management framework that is enhanced by Industry 4.0 technologies to execute the key functions of asset management in the operation, maintenance, and management phase of the physical asset's life cycle, and effectively integrate the environmental, social, and economic aspects into physical asset management related activities to improve system performance and extend its service life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro grids constitute the ultimate form of decentralized electricity, heat and cold supply whose operations separated from the main distribution system i.e. autonomous or connected to the distribution system i.e. grid-connected. Gridconnected micro grid can be of help during a system fault, by supplying power to the main distribution system, feeding part of its loads for fault detection and service restoration. Micro grids have emerged as a competitive alternative to the final delivery of energy to consumers in combination with on-site production of heat. Distributed generation grouped in micro grids can introduce a richer set of tools for supply of o heat and power, at higher reliability, security, flexibility and power quality in the conventional grid. A micro grid is typically managed through a central controller that monitors the system parameters, coordinates energy resources, balances loads and controls electrical loads, and disconnects and reconnects of the micro grid to the primary grid. Micro grids with no central controller are not common but are technically feasible, with distributed energy resource having an individual controller and the individual controllers operate in a coordinated manner. Micro grids can be an effective option to increase the energy resilience, by providing a functional electric power system capable of operating independently of the main grid. The main grid usually supplies primary power, while the micro grid provides secondary dispatchable power in the event of a grid failure. Emergency diesel generators can provide power directly to loads in the event failure of the primary grid and the micro grid. Proper design and planning of microgrids is important for them to yield all the advantages of the distributed energy concept for the power systems, both local and the clinked central power system. This calls for a reliability -oriented design for microgrids that utilise a large share of the variable and intermittent renewable energy-based, and power electronics-interfaced distributed energy resources. Experience has shown that the power electronics used are prone to wear-out failure and can potentially have adverse effects on the on the performance of the entire power electrics dominated power system. The many benefits associated with application of microgrids have contributed to their significant growth and penetration in decentralized power generation globally. However, challenges are still encountered with respect to design, operation and control for both island and on grid mode of operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the life cycle assessment of various power generation technologies based. The assessments cover impacts from extraction, processing and transportation of fuels, construction of power plants and power generation. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) to power generation technologies is very useful as the world seeks ways to meet growing electricity demand with less health and environmental impacts. LCA is an evolving methodology with several barriers and challenges but has helped in improving the understanding of the lifecycle energy, greenhouse gas emissions, air pollutant emissions, and water-use implications to power generation. The application of LCA tools facilitates an analytically thorough and environmentally holistic approach in assessment and comparison of power generation technologies. Most LCAs show that the best power plants are hydropower, both run-of-river and with reservoir, nuclear energy, and wind power. Fuel combustion directly leads to emissions and potential environmental harm. The cradle-to-grave approach considers all steps between material and fuel extraction from the environment until they are returned to the environment. The methodology used in lifecycle assessment (LCA) includes the effects of all the production phases, use and recycling on the environment. The complete LCA involves factors like water and air pollution, and noise. Exergy which is the maximum useful work that can be extracted from a system as it reversibly comes into equilibrium is used in various fields such as industrial ecology and environmental engineering, for efficient use of energy and to minimize harmful environmental impacts. Exergy analysis has been in application since the late 1990s and is extended into the realm of resource and environmental analysis, to develop integrated analytical frameworks. Exergy analysis can be used in decision-making by policy makers in making sustainable choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy storage systems provide an important solution for improving the reliability of electricity networks due to challenges of integrating intermittent electricity from variable sources like wind and solar. Factors considered in the selection of storage batteries are cost and performance since. prices for every kWh injected into the network and battery energy storage system (BESS) costs vary. Energy storage systems play an important role in improving the reliability of electricity networks due to increasing contribution of electricity from intermittent sources like wind and solar. The main considerations in choosing a suitable storage system are cost and performance. Since the price for every kWh supplied to the network and battery energy storage system (BESS) costs are dynamic, consumers interested in a battery may have challenges in choosing between the various batteries available in the market. This study presents a the Levelized cost of storage as a suitable method or approach for selecting the most suitable battery technology for household and industrial consumers. The future power plants are expected to have large proportions of intermittent energy sources like. wind, solar or tidal energy that require scale-up of energy storage to match the supply with hourly, daily, and seasonal electricity demand profiles. Available storage technologies include batteries, pumped hydroelectricity storage, compressed air energy storage and power-to-Gas storage. The energy transition to renewable energy supply calls for increased application of energy storage. Identification of optimal solutions requires a holistic view of the energy system beyond the electricity-only focus. In this study, an integrated cross-sector approach is adopted to identify the most efficient and least-cost storage options for off grid and grid scale application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reliability of power supply by South African coal-fired power plants has become the central focus of many areas of governments' strategic planning. The reason for this is its poor maintenance, unplanned outages, increased generator trips and lack of adequate skills. The impact of the above shortcomings is increased load shedding, insufficient electricity in the country, high cable theft, low production in manufacturing industries and insufficient photovoltaic energy produced in grid-tie system configurations. Thus, this work tends to demonstrate the need for improving the existing coal power plants to increase the amount of solar energy in the national grid. The historical data was collected from plant failures, generator asset management, maintenance strategies and unplanned capability loss factors. This data was analyzed through qualitative and quantitative research methods. The results obtained from the proposed methodology show that inadequate training of employees, skills shortages, unavailability of quality spares, and lack of maintenance are some of the major contributing factors to plant breakdowns and failures. Furthermore, research has revealed that a preventative maintenance strategy is the most recommended strategy to improve generator plant reliability instead of a corrective maintenance strategy that is currently used and found to be ineffective and inappropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power generation, maintenance scheduling, and transmission have been a serious concern in the last few decades because of the high increase in power demand. Large electricity producing company is providing electricity to the most populated areas through both connected and non-connected power plants (PPs). This research discusses the most common issue of overhead power transmission lines in the western region. The main purpose of the study is to reduce the high-level power transmission cost by lessening the logistics expenses and by increasing the reliability of the power network. This problem is addressed by developing an algebraic framework for connecting different cities to a single loop having a minimum length between maintenance centers and setting up an appropriate number of teams. Furthermore, research also considers certain constraints for a more consistent and cost-effective transmission mechanism. For this purpose, western region cities are selected and the MLIP mechanism is used by feeding the MATLOG data for the current study. Research has contributed by proposing a certain number of maintenance centers and an appropriate number of teams by deploying an algorithmic solution for the data analysis and results. The study found some constraints that need to be further investigated in future studies for more reliable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the design of an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plant with hydrogen production capabilities with petroleum coke as a feedstock. The economic analysis of the operating costs, unit costs, payback period and possible plant locations are examined. An IGCC power plant was successfully simulated using AspenPlus Simulation software. The power plant uses 175,000 kg/hr of Petroleum Coke to produce 437 MW of power and 12,850kg/hr of hydrogen at 25.6% efficiency. This is based on a 50% clean syngas swing cut. A preliminary costing assessment indicates that a capital investment of 1.07 billion dollars would be required for a plant of this size. Model and costing data indicates that at 3.45¢/kW·h for electricity production and $1.38/kg of hydrogen produced, IGCC is a viable alternative to other technologies. In current market conditions for hydrogen and electricity costs, it is more beneficial to produce a split of 50:50 hydrogen and power. This operating strategy leads to larger profits when compared to 100% power production, with an expected payback period of 6.9 years. Ideal locations for a petcoke IGCC require a large supply of fresh water and availability of petcoke from multiple refineries. Locations such as Southeastern Louisiana or Ufa, Russia meet these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Rajshahi City Corporation generates a significant quantity of municipal solid waste each day, but it does not have an effective waste management system. Additionally, Rajshahi has an inadequate supply of electrical power with an increasing population. This study aims to investigate the energy potential of the municipal solid waste of Rajshahi by incineration and to check the feasibility of the incineration process. The calorific values of municipal solid waste were determined by using a variety of empirical formulae, with the data on the proximal and ultimate analysis serving as inputs. The energy potential of the incineration process was determined using the calorific value, and after that, a cost study for the incineration plant was carried out in order to determine whether or not it would be feasible. It was discovered that the municipal solid waste had a calorific value of 6576.36 kcal/kg, giving it an energy potential of 35.91 MW for the process of incineration. The findings of the research also indicate that the burning of solid waste is a viable option with a payback time of nine years. Incineration as a kind of waste-to-energy conversion presents a potentially workable solution for the management of municipal solid waste and the fulfillment of Rajshahi's need for power. Also, it can be a sustainable way to generate energy from municipal solid waste and reducing the dependency on fossil fuels which causes harm to environment, eco-system, and human beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem that influences the world on energy is climate change and until we increase our alternative sources the world will continue to face the energy issue. Besides, greenhouse gas emission is a main issue which is related with current energy access. Another global energy issue is hundreds of millions of people lack access to sufficient energy. In addition, depletion of natural resources become other crucial issue due to global energy consumption is growing in tandem with population growth, energy dependent patterns of usage composed with technological advancements. This study aims to focus on alternative power generation from renewable and hybrid sources in techno economic as a countermeasure for current energy sources issue in isolated communities which remote from the existing electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure. HOMER Pro software and RETScreen software are used to analyze best optimization of hybrid renewable energy system and check financial viability. A comparative analysis is done for 4 cases of energy: solar PV, wind, hydropower, and biogas to obtain estimation of Net Present Cost (NPC), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and renewable fraction. His work also determines IRR, simple payback and energy production costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antalya, one of the most important cities in tourism, boasts numerous hotels. One of the significant challenges faced by group hotels with all-inclusive concepts among these establishments is the process of washing dirty laundry resulting from hotel operations. This project is being conducted in a group company that owns hotels in various regions of Antalya. Initially, one hotel was selected as a pilot hotel, and later, other hotels will be included in the process. The aim of this project is to decide whether the laundry washing operation should be carried out within the facility or through outsourcing for more efficient execution. The laundry of the selected facility is located on-site and is used to wash towels, blankets, and uniforms. Meanwhile, sheets, bed linens, tablecloths, napkins, and pillowcases are washed through external service procurement. There are essentially two stages in this project: i. Determination of the Current Situation: • Identification of existing capacity • Staff numbers • Laundry area size • Costs ii. Analysis of the Possibility of Conducting Outsourced Services Within the Facility: • Determination of necessary capacity (machinery, equipment, personnel, etc.) • Shift work • Required laundry area size In the first stage, existing equipment, staff numbers, and laundry area size were identified. The operational status of machines was analyzed, and business and time studies were conducted on processes. Additionally, costs such as electricity, water, machine breakdowns, etc., for the washing operation were determined. In the second stage, research will be conducted to determine the necessary resources if the processes conducted through outsourcing are to be performed within the facility. A decision will be made on which option is more advantageous. Upon the completion of this study in the selected hotel, the establishment of a shared laundry for other hotels will be considered as an additional scenario. This scenario will also require solving logistical network problems. The goal is to enhance the efficiency of laundry operations through a comprehensive assessment of the existing equipment, workforce, and operational processes. This involves studying the current capacity, researching prices for potential additional machines, analyzing the existing costs associated with laundry operations, and employing business and time study techniques to optimize workflow and resource utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generation of electricity is somewhat problematic due to the fact that the big contributor in generating electricity is also a big contributor in accelerating global warming and climate change. With the presence of historical demand of electricity in Indonesia, power plant capabilities, operational cost, and assets cost of electricity generation in Indonesia, we can forecast electricity demand in 2030 and 2050. In addition, optimization by using Lingo Program, which includes 13 decision variables consists of PLTA, PLTU, PLTG, PLTGU, PLTP, PLTD, PLTMG, PLTS, PLTB, PLTBM, Independent Power Producer (IPP), Rented Unit, and PLTU CCS, could be done to foresee the possible scenario of electricity generation that was divided into (1) when coal power have no limitation, (2) when capacity of coal reduced and replaced with cleaner energy, and (3) when coal power capacity is reduced and replaced with the installation of CCUS. Thus, the result shows that in order to fulfill the electricity demand with clean energy for 2030 and 2050, the investment needed are, nearly Rp1,372.96 trillion and Rp2,902.32 trillion respectively. To address the characteristic of energy sector in Indonesia, the SWOT analysis is conducted to mitigate risk and take greatest advantage of chances for success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrastructure plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of every. A typical community cannot be sustained without setting up necessary and adequate infrastructure. However, one of Africa's most celebrated problems is the inadequacy of infrastructure. Also, lack of maintenance, management, and reconstruction has escalated the degeneration of available physical infrastructure. Based on this, the current study is aimed at understudying the state of infrastructure in Africa. The study reviewed archived literature on the deficits of infrastructure in Africa and how the deficits have been addressed over time. Findings from this study revealed that compared to other countries of the world, African countries lack adequate essential infrastructure such as road, rail, water and air transportation, as well as electricity and ICT facilities. Furthermore, even the available infrastructure are in a relatively bad state. African governments, international organisations, foreign governments, as well as the private sector have consistently invested funds to upgrade the state of infrastructure in Africa. However, localisation strategies must be employed in the development of African infrastructure in order to ensure that the essential infrastructural needs in Africa are being met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates feasibility of establishing hybrid photovoltaic-wind power plant to generate electricity and then hydrogen using Homer software for city of Hendijan in the Southwest of Iran. The findings shows that the city is capable of generating 3153762 kWh of electricity for a Photovoltaic-wind power hybrid system annually, and then produce 31680 kg of hydrogen for constructing a hybrid system consisting of: wind turbine of GE 1.5sl model, a 4-kilowatt photovoltaic system, and a 100 kg hydrogen tank. It is concluded that establishment of hybrid plant in this location is economically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of power system operation is to supply the customer electricity demand with acceptable quality in an optimum way. With constantly varying demand, this objective may not be easily achieved. An adaptable system enhancement is therefore necessary to attain the objective. One of the strategies is controlling the switchable devices in distribution system for the purpose of maintaining the system voltage within the acceptable limits and minimizing the loss with minimum control action. One of the electricity customers is industrial institution, where some types of loads are nonlinear. This may include electrical machine and power electronic devices. Besides drawing the power from the grid, these loads may also inject distortion to the system causing destructive effects. This study proposes optimization scheme on distribution system considering the presence of nonlinear loads. In addition to control the system voltage and reduce the loss, system distortion should also be suppressed. To include the nonlinear loads into optimization, the calculation of power flow should be extended to accommodate the characteristic of nonlinear loads. The optimal control of switchable devices is determined using Genetic Algorithm (GA). The significant of involving distortion injected by nonlinear loads are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, electricity systems are transitioning from marginal to dominant renewable energy systems in terms of installed capacity and electricity generation shares. This transition has led to the situation of matching dynamic supply with dynamic demand. For effective management, electricity system planners and operators must have a clear understanding of the dynamics of the supply sources. Knowing these would enable them to identify periods of constrained supply and manage resources optimally. Studying 365 supply profiles for a year is a cumbersome exercise and it is impossible to observe the supply peculiarities from such a huge volume of data. Therefore, there needs to be a mechanism in place to capture these patterns along with magnitude, span, temporal effects and influential factors of supply-side variabilities. In this research, we propose a methodology for characterizing variations in supply profiles of solar and wind energy technologies by deploying a simulation-based approach. First, a logical clustering method is employed to form a smaller groups of supply profiles. Next, probability distribution-based Monte Carlo simulation is adopted to refine these groups of supply curves and arrive at a representative supply curve, which is called Representative Supply Profile (RSP). This approach is validated using data from Karnataka (a state in India) electricity system, and technology specific RSPs are developed. With this, we could represent the 365 days' hourly generation into 10 RSPs for solar and 14 RSPs for wind. The results show that solar and wind supply profiles represent different seasonal cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]