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To sustain the clean energy transition without interruption and to ensure the reliable operation of the transmission system, it is required to have enough additional transmission capacity in the future horizons. The transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem is a core issue in deciding additional transmission capacity in the planning activities. TEP aims to find the best expansion plan while satisfying technical and economic constraints. In this study, a new binary version of the original FBI algorithm called the BFBI (binary forensic-based investigation) algorithm is developed to solve the binary TEP problem. The effectiveness and performance of the developed BFBI are assessed by implementing it in two different test systems: the standard Garver 6-bus test system and the modified 400 kV Turkish grid. Seasonal scenarios are created for 5- and 10-year planning periods to cover all possible generation and load conditions and to assess the impact of the increased share of RES on the grid in the TEP studies conducted for the modified 400 kV Turkish grid created as a bulk realistic grid. The TEP problem is solved by including investment, reliability, and operational costs in two different objective functions for cases while considering the N-1 contingency criterion. The efficacy and robustness of the BFBI algorithm are justified by comparing it with well-known algorithms such as GA and PSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unpredictable variations in load demand and unanticipated component failures are progressively impacting the operation of modern power systems, making system evaluation more stochastic in nature. Although deterministic approaches were formerly the norm for determining system status, probabilistic approaches have greatly improved the capacity to capture the stochastic behavior characteristic of power system operations. The presented work in the paper recommends the use of probabilistic modelling approaches with deterministic approaches, highlighting their crucial function in augmenting the reliability and security of contemporary power systems to unanticipated failures. In this paper, N − 1 security criteria based reliability of the composite power system (CPS) is proposed using an integrated deterministic and probabilistic framework (D-P) considering outage of the transmission line. For the deterministic approach (DA), line overloading on available lines is determined using the static security index (SSI). For the probabilistic approach (PA), reliability indices such as expected loss of power (ELOP), expected frequency of contingency (EFOC), expected loss of load (ELOL), probability of load curtailment (PLC), and expected duration of load curtailments (EDLC) are calculated. Further, for each contingency, a performance index is determined using both approaches to assess the severity of the contingency that occurred on the power system. Based on the N − 1 security criteria based reliability analysis using an integrated D-P framework, a credible critical set of transmission lines is obtained, which can serve as important information to system operators. The proposed techniques have been tested on IEEE 24 bus reliability test system (RTS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is essential for realizing the most suitable product buffer packaging design to quantify the vibration transmission characteristics of the product packaging system. The experiment system for the vibration transmission path of protective packaging is designed in this paper. The practical system is used to analyze the vibration transfer path of the product packaging system and identify the critical transfer path. The concepts of the cushions' contribution rate and the cushions' weighted contribution rate are introduced. The product cushioning based on the weighted equal contribution rate of the cushions is proposed. It has been verified by experiments that the system can accurately identify the transfer path with the weighted contribution rate of the cushions as a reference for the design of product buffer packaging, which improves the utilization rate of buffer packaging materials and reduces the cost of packaging materials. The weighted equal contribution rates of buffer pads 1, 2, 3, and 4 are 40%, 27%, 22%, and 11%, respectively. For the needs of experiment teaching, the teaching content based on the protective packaging transfer path testing system is designed, which provides a reference for the practical education of the packaging specialty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the fast development of communication techniques, over-the-air testing has developed into the main testing method for current communication systems due to its advantages including no cable connection, high measurement efficiency, and independence from environment. OTA testing has become almost the only solution for 5G system testing especially after the popularity of 5G massive multiple-input-multiple-output. In this paper, we summarize the three main methods of OTA testing including the reverberation chamber-based method, the radiation two-step method, and the multiprobe anechoic chamber- (MPAC-) based method, among which we focus on the MPAC method systematically. In the MPAC method, there are two main channel synthesis techniques that have been heavily studied, namely, prefaded signal synthesis and plane wave synthesis. We summarize the current main research based on these two techniques including probe configurations, probe selection algorithms, and probe design based on the PFS technique and the design of plane wave generators based on PWS technique. The main comparisons are made for the performance of different probe selection algorithms and the performance of different plane wave generators as well as the latest advances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pressing concern in modern smart grid systems revolves around islanding, leading to unpredictable system parameters and a decline in power quality. In response to this concern, we introduce a novel passive method for identifying islanding in grid-connected distributed generation units. This method utilizes the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to assess the voltage signal captured at the DG position. The triphase voltage signal observed at the point of common coupling (PCC) is used as the test signal. The UKF extracts and filters the harmonic content of the voltage signal to produce a residual signal, which detects changes in the power system. The estimation of total harmonic distortion (THD) follows, and its fluctuations help discern between islanding and typical events. This suggested approach undergoes assessment through a test system simulated in MATLAB/Simulink across different situations. Outcome findings underscore the efficacy of the suggested approach in distinguishing between islanding and regular occurrences, ensuring enhanced reliability and resilience against incorrect operations by removing the zone of nondetection. In our detailed experiments, we found that the proposed unscented Kalman filter (UKF) technique improved islanding detection accuracy by approximately 90% over traditional methods, under varied conditions. Specifically, the nondetection zone (NDZ) was reduced by 95% when compared to the most commonly used passive methods. Furthermore, in scenarios with high harmonic content and noise, the UKF showcased a 90% improvement in reliability over conventional techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel short-time optimization method based on a resiliency enhancement strategy for a smart distribution network during adverse weather conditions. The key idea is to integrate various electric vehicles (EVs) with different behaviour patterns and other distributed energy resources into emergency tools of distribution network operation such as topology reconfiguration and grid-supported services. In this regard, possible management programs for three types of EVs (with different levels of control potentials), energy resources, reconfiguration, and demand response programs impacts on boosting resiliency are investigated. The framework is organized on coordination and benefit sharing among distribution system operator (DSO), private sector, and EV owners to reduce possible side effects of failures that could be incepted by extreme weather conditions. A Monte Carlo-based stochastic simulation for modelling uncertainties such as EVs movement, state of change, arrival/departure time to charge stations, and weather-based failures is devised. In order to evaluate resiliency, metrics based on a multiphase method are analysed. The performance of the proposed method on extra benefit obtaining for DSO and private sector and also resiliency enhancement in disturbance progress, postdisturbance degraded, and restorative state are carried out on IEEE-33 bus test system, and obtained results are analysed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The double rotary inverted pendulum (DRIP) system belongs to the class of under-actuated mechanical systems, and it is a highly nonlinear, unstable, and benchmark system to test the different control techniques. This paper successfully designed the nonlinear hierarchical sliding mode control (HSMC) techniques to stabilize the DRIP system. We compare the performance of these techniques numerically with each other and with the previously designed control technique. We propose an aggregated HSMC technique as it has a much shorter stabilization time than other designed techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual-function amplifiers are proposed for the first time herein for enhancing the capability of a scanning test vehicle for bridges. To start, closed-form solutions are derived for the dynamic responses of the amplifier-vehicle-bridge system with a moving test vehicle. Then, the dynamic amplification factors of the amplifier and vehicle are presented for assessing the bridge/vehicle and vehicle/amplifier transmissibility. It was known that the spectrum of the vehicle may be hindered for extracting the bridge frequencies because of vehicle frequency and rough pavement. Two differentially tuned amplifiers are called on to tackle the problem: one (i.e., the vehicle damper) is to suppress the effect of vehicle's frequency, acting like the tuned mass damper (TMD), and the other (i.e., the bridge amplifier) is to enlarge the amplitude of bridge frequency of concern. Based on the parametric study, it is concluded that (1) the bridge amplifier performs better than the vehicle one in extracting bridge frequencies by increasing their visibility in the spectrum; (2) the effect of vehicle's frequency can be suppressed by tuning the vehicle damper such that it functions like a TMD of the vehicle; (3) by tuning the bridge amplifier to any of the first few bridge frequencies, the latter can be well detected even for rough pavement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the actual displacement of viscous damper exceeds the stroke limit, excessive pounding force may be generated, resulting in damage to the damper. To address this issue, a novel viscous damper with variable stiffness, simple processing, and good economy is proposed. First, the load-displacement relation of the novel viscous damper is established through theoretical analysis and experimental studies. Second, numerical simulations and a series of parametric analyses are conducted to analyze the pounding mitigation effect of the proposed damper. Third, real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) for considering the pounding effect of the novel viscous damper is presented. Finally, design recommendations for the pounding mitigation design of the novel viscous damper are given. The results show that the novel viscous damper effectively reduces the amplitudes of the pounding force and acceleration by 25% and 24%, respectively. The Fourier power of acceleration decreases in the region from 0.6 Hz to 3.3 Hz. The results of RTHS demonstrate that the real-time hybrid testing system can effectively simulate the pounding effect of the proposed damper. However, the normalized error peak value of velocity between RTHS and the reference result exceeds 10%, indicating that the proposed damper considering the pounding effect imposes new requirements to the real-time hybrid testing method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart grids must detect cyber-attacks early to ensure their safety and reliability. There have been many outlier detection methods presented in the studies, varying from those requiring instance-by-instance decisions t the online diagnosing methods that require the use of accurate models of an attack. This study proposes a novel intelligent online anomaly or attack detection method based on the partially observable Markov decision procedure (POMDP). The proposed model may be categorized as a general detection method according to the reinforcement learning (RL) architecture for POMDP which can help the learning process based on the award concept. The performance of the proposed model is verified using the IEEE test system. Based on numerical results, the suggested RL-based algorithm shows to be very effective in detecting cyber-attacks against the smart grid quickly and accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A distribution system's network reconfiguration (NR) is the process of changing the status of the switches to change the topology of the feeders. Using optimal NR at various network load levels, this research proposed an economical way for improving the voltage profile and reducing power loss in distribution systems. A new metaheuristic Heap-based optimizer based on the corporate rank hierarchy is used to solve the optimization problem in order to find the optimal radial distribution network. The objective functions used in this article include voltage profile improvement, power loss reduction, reduction of operation cost, and minimization of gas emissions. This novel technique provides accurate results while avoiding the issue of premature convergence and requires fewer control parameter settings. The proposed method is evaluated at three different load levels on a standard IEEE 33-bus test system, and the simulation results are compared to those of other optimization methods published in the literature, demonstrating that the proposed method improves the system voltage profile while minimizing losses and power costs, establishing that this technique is effective in finding the best result. The Wilcoxon and Friedman tests are also used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional distribution networks have evolved into active distribution networks due to the high penetration of distributed energy resources. These new networks have several protection issues; some are related to the high fault and load current variations due to the various operating conditions. This situation is faced by adaptive protection development, as proposed in this study, where variations among active distribution network operating conditions are considered to estimate the adaptive pickup current. This is used to estimate the overcurrent relay's time dial setting, avoiding miscoordination. The proposed protection approach uses fast calculations and local measurements; consequently, a low computational burden is required to update the adaptive relay parameters for each operating condition without using communication infrastructure. The obtained results in the IEEE 34-nodes test feeder demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach, accomplishing the coordinating time interval for phase and ground faults. These results show a high performance of primary and backup protection at different operating conditions of the proposed test system compared to the performance of the conventional protection approach. The proposed approach's high performance, low computational burden, and communicationless characteristics make it suitable for immediate real-field implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electric energy generation system, under the economic operation mode, is an imperative mission in the power system function. This article deals with the use of beetle swarm optimization algorithm (BSOA), for optimal power flow (OPF) solution, in an effective approach. BSOA is a competent optimization technique, to handle multimodal, nonlinear, and nondifferentiable objective functions. The proposed OPF is modeled by numerous objective functions, formulations with constraints, examined with thirty-one different cases, on the three distinguished test systems (IEEE 30, 57, and 118-bus), using single and weighted sum multiobjectives. Six new multiobjective cases are also studied. The control variables, such as real generation of power, tap setting ratio of transformers, bus voltages magnitudes, and the values of shunt capacitor, are also optimized. Potency and robustness of this proposed method were investigated and evaluated with more recent findings reported in the literature. This extensive study revealed the preeminence of the presented technique, applied to OPF problem, with intricate and nonsmooth objective functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic and resilient operation of power systems has always been one of the main priorities of energy systems. In spite of improvements in various fields of energy systems, especially power systems, the issue of resilience has become more important. For this purpose, this paper proposes a multiobjective optimization model to improve the economic performance of energy hub systems and improve the resilience of electrical consumers. Also, consumer welfare, which is a function of the energy not supplied index, is maximized over a 24-hour period by considering extreme weather conditions. The ε-constraint method is applied to solve the proposed model by transforming the multiobjective optimization problem into several single-objective optimization problems. The max-min fuzzy method is also used to select the optimal solution among the Pareto solutions. A sample hub system is made up of electrical, thermal, and gas loads, electrical and thermal energy sources, and storage systems employed as a test system. A group of actions is applied to improve the resilience of the system, which may be affected by outages caused by storms under the resilience response program (RRP). The results proved the efficiency of the proposed RRP in improving economics and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing improvement of people's living standards, more and more tourists choose to travel independently, which puts forward higher requirements for the existing tourist guide system of scenic spots. Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates computer-generated virtual information into real scenes. It provides more interactive modes, allowing visitors to have a stronger sense of immersion in the real world. The interactive navigation system is an analysis and processing system that recommends algorithms for tourists through the back-end server by collecting the user's registration information data. It provides tourists with reasonable travel itineraries. This can not only allow users to avoid the peak flow of people and save tourists' time, but also reduce the hidden dangers of scenic spots and improve the turnover rate of passenger flow. This paper aims to study an interactive guide system combined with augmented reality technology to provide tourism services for tourists in tourist attractions based on geographic locations. This paper proposes an improved probabilistic algorithm model to accurately locate tourists. (Probabilistic algorithms are also called randomization algorithms. Probabilistic algorithms allow the random choice of the next computational step during execution. In many cases, when the algorithm is faced with a choice during the execution process, the random choice is time-saving compared to the optimal one. Therefore, the probabilistic algorithm can greatly reduce the complexity of the algorithm.) At the same time, the paper designs an AR scenic spot tour guide system. It tests the performance of the system. The results show that the initial response speed of the improved probability algorithm is 0.69 s, the average response time is 4 s when the number of concurrent users is finally increased to 600, and the growth rate is about 0.006 s. The improved algorithm can obviously enhance the response speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the research demand of reusable LOX/kerosene variable thrust liquid rocket engine, a test system with electric displacement pumps is designed and a multidisciplinary modular dynamic simulation method based on AMESim platform is used to analyze the system. The method comprehensively considers the characteristics of complex components in the engine and realizes the fast module assembly and variable step size solution. Considering the combustion model of thrust chamber, the positive displacement pump model with complex leakage channels, and the cooling jacket heat transfer model, the component dynamic equations are deduced and the final model simulation results reveal that the system has a smooth ignition, stage turning, and shutdown process. The thrust can reach 6900 N in high working condition and the variable thrust ratio is 5 : 1. The dynamic characteristics of the system show that the performance error of main pump components is less than 5%, the maximum average temperature rise of the thrust chamber coolant is about 28°C, and the time of stage adjustment is within 300 ms, which mean the overall design of the system is reasonable. Although the accumulation of LOX before kerosene injection can adversely affect the temperature of the thrust chamber, large pressure pulses do not occur due to the ignitor's duty flame. Moreover, the pintle injectors based on PID control can effectively stabilize the pressure drop at lower conditions. The system and the simulation method provide important support for the actual engine test and the general LRE dynamic characteristics analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compact antenna test range (CATR) system based on a planner stepped‐edged reflectarray antenna is proposed in this article. The parameters of the reflectarray antenna are determined by the design method of a single reflector system. Physical Optics (PO) method is used to calculate the unit phase of the reflectarray. The performance of the quiet zone is improved by optimizing the array shape. A 4320‐element reflectarray antenna with a dual‐ring structure is proposed and fabricated. The measured results show that the amplitude distribution of the designed reflectarray compact range is within ±1 dB, the phase distribution is within ±10°, and the cross‐polarization isolations are greater than 24 dB in the region of 50% at 10 GHz. The performance of the quiet zone is favorable for the usage of CATR systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The therapeutic potential of medicinal plants is noted because of the presence of varieties of biochemicals. The monoterpenes, like nerol, estragole, and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, have been reported for antimicrobial, antifungal, anthelmintic, and antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the toxic, cytotoxic, and oxidant/antioxidant effects of these compounds by several in vitro (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, and ferric reducing potential), ex vivo (hemolysis), and in vivo (Artemia Salina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) assays. Results suggest that estragole and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol at 31.25–500 μg/mL did not exhibit significant cytotoxic effects in the A. Salina and hemolysis tests. Nerol showed significant cytotoxic effects on these test systems at all test concentrations. The monoterpenes showed radical (ABTS•+ and DPPH•) scavenging capacities in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro tests. However, they did not oxidize the genetic material of S. cerevisiae (SODWT, Sod1Δ, Sod2Δ, Sod1/Sod2Δ, Cat1Δ, and Cat1Δ/Sod1Δ) lines. Among the three monoterpenes, nerol may be a good candidate for antioxidant and anti-tumor therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the frequent airflow excitation phenomenon caused by the rapid decompression of the altitude chamber, the mathematical model of the nonlinear system of the rapid decompression of the altitude chamber is established. The polynomial parameter method is used to evaluate the characteristics of airflow oscillation, and a rapid decompression test system is built. The test results verify the pressure oscillation phenomenon of the numerical simulation. This paper proves the phenomenon of fluid-induced vibration in the process of rapid decompression and determines that the main factors affecting the induced oscillation are the diameter of the pipe (throat), pressure difference between the two chambers, and initial pressure conditions. Specifically, this study establishes safety and reliability for preventing engineering accidents caused by resonance in the altitude chamber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power system continuously deals with frequency fluctuations. When a power disturbance occurs, the transmission system operators rely on the underfrequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme to address severe underfrequency (UF) events to maintain the frequency at the permissible level and prevent blackouts. Defining settings of a conventional UFLS scheme is a very complex problem due to the nonlinear nature of the frequency response, and the size of the problem is vast because of the number of UF-relays spread on the power system. The under or over total load disconnection produced by the wrong setting of the UF-relays can create secondary frequency events or even a total blackout. This paper introduces a novel method to compute an optimally parametrized conventional UFLS scheme in specific given operating conditions by formulating it as a constrained problem and using the Improved Harmony Search (IHS) algorithm to solve it. Since there is no previous knowledge of using IHS to solve the UFLS scheme, a numerical parameter sensitivity analysis (PSA) is developed to tune the parameter of the IHS algorithm. The IEEE 39-bus system was modelled in DIgSILENT® PowerFactory™ and used as a test system. The optimally parametrized conventional UFLS methodology presented in this paper reveals superior results against the conventional UFLS scheme, and the suitability of using the IHS algorithm is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the phenomenon of serious tensile-shear failure of bolts and cables, domestic and foreign scholars' research on the mechanical properties of bolts and cables has gradually changed from pure tensile to tensile-shear performance. To reduce the long-term bolt and cable breakage accidents in deep soft rock tunnels in coal mines, we independently developed a new type of support material—anchor cable with C-shaped tube and a corresponding tensile-shear test system. The system parameters are set through theoretical derivation, and the three main structures of the test system are designed with ANSYS: shear box, vertical loading reaction frame, and horizontal loading reaction frame. The numerical simulation results show that when the thickness of the shear box steel plate is 20 mm, the maximum strain is about 2.7‰. When the diameters of the vertical column and the horizontal bar are 220 mm and 80 mm, respectively, the maximum strains of the column and the horizontal bar are about 0.17‰ and 0.04‰, respectively. The strength and deformation of the three main structures meet the design requirements. The developed test system was tested on-site. The test results show that the system can perform tensile test and two different modes of the double shear test. The main structure has no obvious deformation during the test, meeting the design requirements. In addition, the rational design of the shear box eliminates the error caused by the shear block. The results show that the shear resistance of anchor cable with C-shaped tube is better than that of pure anchor cables. The research results can provide a reference for developing other similar test systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Germination test is an irreplaceable step in seed selection and breeding. The current traditional germination test method must rely on experienced professional technicians to repeatedly classify and count the germination status of seeds and count the germination rate at different moments during the whole test process (usually takes 2 to 10 days). Currently, only the German seed germination detection system (Germination Scanalyzer) can solve this problem, but it is so expensive that it has not been practically promoted. In order to improve breeding efficiency, an automatic monitoring system for seed germination tests based on deep learning was designed. It includes a modified germination thermostat, connected with a three-dimensional movable camera bin with built-in camera; a multifunctional software system capable of online, offline, and sentinel mode monitoring; a dense distributed small target detection algorithm (DDST-CenterNet) for seed germination monitoring systems. The system test results show that the seed germination test automatic monitoring system is low cost, does not depend on the seed background, light, camera model, and other usage environments, and has high scalability. The DDST-CenterNet algorithm proposed in this paper can still maintain high accuracy and good stability in the process of seed target detection and classification as the number and density of seeds increase, which is suitable for a special application scenario of seed germination test. In addition, the algorithm has high computational efficiency and can give detection results at a frame rate of not less than 10fps, which can be used in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a block-based multicut Benders decomposition algorithm to solve the co-planning of transmission expansion and energy storage problem in a bi-level approach. The proposal breaks the chronological representative period into multiple subperiods blocks. This division makes it possible to use parallel computation methods to solve each block simultaneously, reducing the simulation time, which allows the use of a more extensive time window to model the variability of random variables of the system, such as wind and load. In the proposed algorithm, the master problem defines the State of Charge (SoC) of the energy storage devices between the blocks and the investment in transmission and energy storage devices. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, different sizes of representative periods are evaluated in three test systems: Garver 6-bus, IEEE-RTS 24-bus, and IEEE-118 188-bus. The tests compare the performance of the proposed block-based multicut Benders decomposition algorithm with the usual approach applied in the literature considering Benders decomposition and the complete problem formulated as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart disease has reached to the number one position in last decade in terms of mortality rate, and more wretchedly, heart attack has affected life in 80% of the cases. Cardiac arrest is an incurable incongruity that requires special treatment and cure. It has been a key research area for many years, and the number of researchers across the globe is devoted toward finding the optimal solution to avoid the ill-effect of this disease. Along with predicting heart disease, if focus moves towards prevention of heart attack as well, then this could result in major life saver area for masses. This research work is fully devoted toward finding out the probability of heart attack so that people can take preventive measure before it hit the wall. This research proposed the neural fuzzy inference system (NFIS) to represent the training data formed from the n-dimensions of functions. The NFIS consists of error computing module to improve the learning instructions when the errors have been measured, initially the membership functions are defined, and the parameters of membership functions are activated and learnt through when needed for an operation. The proposed methodology has experimented with sample test cases on Cleveland heart disease dataset from University of California Irvine (UCI) repository with the integration of supporting dependable and nondependable parameters, causing-factors, and data-matrices. This research has integration more than 13000 fuzzification rules to generate best decision-making, normalization process, planting techniques to create the feasibility to compute the heart attack probability and achieved 94 percentage of accuracy. This research can be extendable to build auto-altering and advise system with integration hardware peripheral circuit devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous breakthrough of science and technology, all aspects related to science and technology are constantly updated and changing. Photoelectric devices, also known as photosensitive devices, work on principles based on the photoelectric effect. The application of photoelectric devices in our lives is also diverse. This paper aims to study the flexibility of nanophotoelectric devices, which is a new generation of photoelectric device product technology, making photoelectric devices have more outstanding utility compared with the past. In the traditional sense, photoelectric devices will have their own hardware defects, and the update of nanoflexible photoelectric device technology will solve the above shortcomings. The above breakthroughs in key technologies have improved the hardware of welding tooling in the industrial field. The technique of welding tooling is widely used in the industrial field. The introduction of nanoflexible photoelectric devices into the welding tooling can overcome the defects of conventional processes. This paper proposes the application of nanotechnology in the industrial field. A parameter testing system and a model of dynamic matrix predictive control are established to predict and control the parameters of the experiment throughout the process. The experimental object of this paper is nanoflexible optoelectronic devices; meanwhile, the concentration of nanomaterials in the nanophotoelectric device plays a decisive role in the efficiency of the device, then the final experimental results show that when the concentration of nanomaterials is 8.5 ∗ 10, the efficiency of the optoelectric components is the best of the four groups of experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes parameter-free two best-worst optimizers (BWOs) that combine the searching capabilities of Jaya and Rao-1 algorithms to intensify their exploration and exploitation capabilities. For the proposed first optimizer, BWO-1, parallel taxonomy has been adopted for the Jaya and Rao-1 combination to obtain dual sets of updated solutions for a given current solution set. For the proposed second optimizer, BWO-2, along with the parallel taxonomy, a subloop of random scaling factors has been introduced in the solution updating mechanism of both standard Jaya and Rao-1 algorithms to generate multiple sets of updated solutions in a single iteration. The best solutions from obtained multiple solution-sets will survive only and lead to the next iteration. Hence, the proposed solution updating mechanisms for BWO-1 and BWO-2 increase the probability of getting a quality solution under set conditions. The ability and scalability of BWO-1 and BWO-2 were assessed, solving the optimization problem of power loss reduction and voltage deviation minimization in the IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus test systems. The results show that the BWO-2 exhibited a lead of 2.97%, 1.83%, and 0.72% over the Rao-1, Jaya, and BWO-1 techniques, respectively. Besides, the BWO-2 achieves up to 38.76% more reduction in power losses against the existing standard, improved, and hybrid optimization techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skiing aerial skills are a perfect combination of gymnastics tossing technology and skiing technology. It pursues technology and aesthetics in the process of completing the action, and is a sporting event with strong skills and high viewing. However, the training of ski aerial skills is more difficult, and there is no qualified training mode, which may be detrimental to the long-term development of the overall strength of ski aerial skills. Therefore, based on the shortcomings of the current stage, this paper proposed a ski aerial skill movement detection system. The system mainly assists the MTi sensor to obtain the sports shape parameters of the skier's sports information and then analyzes the obtained data to find out the approximate data of each parameter when the skiing succeeds and fails, as well as the relationship between acceleration and speed. The experimental results showed that the maximum resultant acceleration and resultant velocity are obtained at the lowest point of the landslide. At a certain stage of the air, the resultant acceleration is always around 10 m/s2 due to gravity. The shoulder joint angle of the skier at the moment of introduction is about 163.2° for success and about 167.6° for failure. The inclination of the trunk is about 30.4° when the action is successful at the moment of landing, while the inclination of the trunk is about 38.4° when the action fails, and the angle of the hip joint in the successful and failed actions is about 138.5° and 153.8°, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building a simulated weightless test system on the ground while making comprehensive comparisons of design controllers for a large and heavy multijointed space station robot is not an easy task. To save cost and improve the efficiency of the test, this paper develops a plan in which controllers undergo preliminary testing in a 6-DOF industrial robot. The key idea is gravity compensation included within the dynamic control algorithm of the robot to replace the function of the microgravity environment. It is generally difficult to build an accurate dynamic model for a serial-joint robot in a practical manner. Therefore, to guarantee the stability of the 6-DOF industrial robot in which the dynamic model is built inaccurately, we propose one of the simplest variable structure (VS) controllers, and the stability of the system is analyzed through the Lyapunov method. Last, experiments are carried out to provide preliminary comparisons among three potential algorithms for the space robot in a low-cost and efficient approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper investigates the performance of a battery‐less photovoltaic desalination system. Lead‐acid batteries have been removed from the system due to adverse environmental effects, a shorter lifespan, and to reduce the total cost. Due to the lack of a storage device, starting a high current load like an AC compressor leads to electrical instability of the system. The proposed solution for this problem includes using a combination of two high‐capacity electrolyte capacitors, one at the PV terminals and the other at the single‐phase inverter input terminals. Suitable resistive starters have also been sized and added to the circuit to limit the inrush current of capacitors at the energization moment. An analytical procedure has been introduced to design the optimal size of the capacitors and the starter resistors. The results of a 1.1 kW test system show that using two capacitors, 12 000 μf/ 350 Volts as C1 and 330 000 μf/ 50 Volts as C2, at the same time, can handle a starting current of 12 Amps for the starting period of 100 ms of the AC compressor. The maximum voltage drop on the capacitors will be 48 and 17%, which are in the accepted range, and no instability happens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimation of the diagnostic performance of serological tests often relies on another test assumed as a reference or on samples of known infection status, yet both are seldom available for emerging pathogens in wildlife. Longitudinal disease serological data can be analysed through multi‐event capture–mark–recapture (MECMR) models accounting for the uncertainty in state assignment, allowing us to estimate epidemiological parameters such as incidence and mortality. We hypothesized that by estimating the uncertainty in state assignment, MECMR models estimate the diagnostic performance of serological tests for rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and myxoma virus (MYXV). We evaluated this hypothesis on longitudinal serological data of three tests of RHDV and one test of MYXV in two populations of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus). First, we selected the optimal cut‐off threshold for each test using finite mixture models, a reference method not relying on reference tests or samples. Second, we used MECMR models to compare the diagnostic sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the three tests for RHDV. Third, we compared the estimates of diagnostic performance by MECMR and finite mixture models across a range of cut‐off values. The MECMR models showed that the RHDV test employing GI.2 antigens (Se: 100%) outperformed two tests employing GI.1 antigens (Se: 21.7% ± 8.6% and 8.7% ± 5.9%). At their selected cut‐offs (2.0 for RHDV GI.2 and 2.4 for MYXV), the estimates of Se and Sp were concordant between the MECMR and finite mixture models. Over the duration of the study (May 2018 to September 2020), the monthly survival of European rabbits seropositive for MYXV was significantly higher than that of seronegative rabbits (82.7% ± 4.9% versus 61.5% ± 12.7%) at the non‐fenced site. We conclude that MECMR models can reliably estimate the diagnostic performance of serological tests for RHDV and MYXV in European rabbits. This conclusion could extend to other diagnostic tests and host‒pathogen systems. Longitudinal disease surveillance data analysed through MECMR models allow the validation of diagnostic tests for emerging pathogens in novel host species while simultaneously estimating epidemiological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the current problems in the safety monitoring of urban manhole covers, this paper proposes a safety monitoring system for manhole covers based on smart light poles. The system uses STM32F103C8T6 as the microcontroller, and processes and controls the movement, loss, tilt, flooding, and positioning data of the manhole cover. Then, the data frame is sent to the LoRa gateway of the nearby smart light pole through the LoRa communication protocol, and the LoRa gateway will transmit the abnormal state of the manhole cover to the large screen display of the smart light pole through the bus. At the same time, a voice broadcast is carried out to remind localized road vehicles and pedestrians. Besides, it is sent to the IoT cloud platform KitLink, and the cloud platform will push the abnormal status data to the subscribed management user, and the user will quickly process it according to the positioning data. Among them, the terminal sensing control device of the manhole cover adopts an integrated package, and at the same time, it is installed at the center point under the manhole cover by using a waterproof material. It can not only carry out reliable and accurate installation without changing the original components but also can effectively monitor the safety. Through the design and implementation test of the system, it can be seen that the system can efficiently and accurately realize all-round and multi-modal safety linkage monitoring of urban manhole covers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of small signal acquisition range and poor acquisition accuracy of the existing multichannel acquisition system, a multisensor energy data fusion transformer acquisition system simulation method based on FPGA is proposed, and key hardware functions are designed and implemented. The system uses FPGA to control the core logic, synchronously collects and controls the energy data of the CCD camera and the laser rangefinder, organizes and uses an external large-capacity SDRAM group for buffering, and uses a dedicated PCI interface chip PLX9656 to achieve high-speed data transmission. Two pieces of sensor energy data and PCI bus energy data are stored in real time using a large-capacity disk array composed of multiple SATA hard disks. The function and performance of the energy data acquisition and storage system were tested. After the actual system test, the experimental results show that the transmission speed of the system through the PCI bus exceeds 200 MB/s, the writing speed of the continuous disk array is 240 MB/s, and the real-time acquisition and recording speed is 100 MB/ss. Conclusion. The system effectively solves the problems of high-speed data acquisition and storage and large capacity data transmission of key sensor nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The working conditions (i.e., gas content, working pressure, and working temperature) of oil in the actual hydraulic system are always in a dynamic process, which will cause the basic properties of oil (i.e., density, absolute viscosity, and effective bulk modulus) to change and further generate changes of the flow characteristics in the straight conjugate crescent gear pump (SCCGP). However, no clear explanation has been given for the variation of the flow characteristics of the SCCGP with the working conditions in previous studies. This paper first expounds the gear pair profile equations used to draw the tooth profile curves and the equation applicable to the calculation of the geometric displacement at the given geometric parameters. Subsequently, the mathematical models of the oil's basic properties are analyzed, and it is explained how the changing working conditions affect the changes in oil properties. After that, the paper designs an orthogonal test scheme and applies it to the study of the flow characteristics of the SCCGP for the first time to optimize its working conditions. Then, the paper performs simulations in commercial CFD numerical software, and the change laws of the internal flow field, flow pulsation, pressure pulsation, volumetric efficiency, and total efficiency of the SCCGP at different working conditions are analyzed in detail. The working conditions for decreasing pulse rate and improving total efficiency are summarized. Finally, for model validation purposes, the paper elucidates the construction process of a high-pressure positive displacement pump test system and carried out experimental research. The simulation and actual measurement results are compared under the same working conditions. The results validate the accuracy of the simulation model and the potential for future analytical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's society, children's furniture is an important piece of furniture for every household. Consumers and even companies may ignore its environmental merits since it is not a regular item of home furniture. This research focuses on the use of environmentally friendly materials in the design of children's furniture and combines fuzzy technology with structured design technology to build a fuzzy technology-based children's furniture design system. This research also introduces two intelligent systems for the design of children's furniture, analyzes the structure of children's furniture via structured design, and produces an interactive system with user experience. Finally, this component conducts a system test study based on real-world needs. The experimental research results show that the children's furniture design system based on fuzzy technology proposed in this paper has a good user experience and can play an important role in the application of environmentally friendly materials in the design of children's furniture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensing of data or object is a mature research domain where intelligent devices, may possibly be embedded with the artificial intelligence-based techniques, are placed in the closed vicinity of the object or phenomenon. This sensing activity becomes more complex if it is related to the measurements of an object which is required to be accurate and precise. In this paper, the reflection interference spectrum method is used to measure the flatness of the surface of the object. The thickness of the tested object is between 0.4 and 16 μm. The optical fiber sensor is moved on the surface of the object, and the reflection spectrum of each point on the surface of the object is analyzed. The thickness of each point, and through the movement of the stepping motor, the thickness of different points on the object is continuously measured, so as to obtain the surface topography of the object. This method has no destructive effect on the surface of the object, has no lateral test range limitation, and has a simple test system structure, High test accuracy, and reliable test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the utilization of a STATCOM to enhance the LVRT capability of wind power plants (WPPs) during grid faults. The STATCOM under investigation is tuned using the Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and a hybrid algorithm of both WCA and PSO. Simulations are conducted in MATLAB programming software, using the SimScape power system toolbox, where two test systems are investigated: a 9 MW WPP and the IEEE 39 bus test system. Performance analysis is done by investigating the ability of the WPPs to ride through grid voltage sags, with the incorporation of the STATCOM, independently tuned using WCA, PSO, and further with the hybrid WCA-PSO algorithm. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, simulation results for the three scenarios are compared. Results show that the LVRT capability of the German power system was met for L-G faults, for the 9 MW test system, whereas during LLL-G faults, the WPP only remained online for WCA and WCA-PSO tuned STATCOM. For the IEEE 39 bus system, the WPPs were able to ride through the LLL-G fault. In all scenarios, the WCA-PSO tuned STATCOM resulted in the least voltage, active, and reactive power overshoots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, aiming at the huge amount of information in the tourism field, the pressure of ecological environment, and tedious personalized route planning, an ecotourism personalized route planning system based on the ecological footprint model is designed. In order to recommend routes that meet the time limit and the starting and ending points of the user's choice, the tourist route recommendation problem is studied as a directional problem on the basis of comprehensively considering the popularity of scenic spots and the user's interest preferences as the scenic spots score. The scenic spot scoring strategy is scenic spot scoring, and the iterative local search strategy is used to plan tourist routes according to the optimization goal with the largest route score, and improve the real tourist routes, food, and accommodation strategies. On the basis of launched tourist routes, they recommend tourists' favorite food and accommodation. The model finally completes the fine arrangement of scenic spots, food, and accommodation in the whole tourist route. The system test results show that the system has obvious advantages in personalized path planning effect, excellent user feedback effect, and certain application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing improvement of people's living standards, more and more tourists choose to travel independently, which puts forward higher requirements for the existing tourist guide system of scenic spots. Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates computer-generated virtual information into real scenes. It provides more interactive modes, allowing visitors to have a stronger sense of immersion in the real world. The interactive navigation system is an analysis and processing system that recommends algorithms for tourists through the back-end server by collecting the user's registration information data. It provides tourists with reasonable travel itineraries. This can not only allow users to avoid the peak flow of people and save tourists' time, but also reduce the hidden dangers of scenic spots and improve the turnover rate of passenger flow. This paper aims to study an interactive guide system combined with augmented reality technology to provide tourism services for tourists in tourist attractions based on geographic locations. This paper proposes an improved probabilistic algorithm model to accurately locate tourists. (Probabilistic algorithms are also called randomization algorithms. Probabilistic algorithms allow the random choice of the next computational step during execution. In many cases, when the algorithm is faced with a choice during the execution process, the random choice is time-saving compared to the optimal one. Therefore, the probabilistic algorithm can greatly reduce the complexity of the algorithm.) At the same time, the paper designs an AR scenic spot tour guide system. It tests the performance of the system. The results show that the initial response speed of the improved probability algorithm is 0.69 s, the average response time is 4 s when the number of concurrent users is finally increased to 600, and the growth rate is about 0.006 s. The improved algorithm can obviously enhance the response speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study enhances the conventional English-Chinese bilingual teaching mode by incorporating the continuous digital twin technology into its design. In addition to the typical video and audio transmission teaching functions, the English-Chinese bilingual distant education system also includes a number of interactive capabilities. The approach described in this study is mostly utilized for bilingual instruction in colleges and universities, and the instruction is enhanced by digital twin technology. In this work, the system performance test focuses primarily on the evaluation of teaching quality and teaching satisfaction. Among these are the evaluation of teaching quality by questionnaires, the evaluation of this paper's system by a number of senior teachers, and the calculation of student satisfaction through teaching experiments. The results of the study indicate that the strategy described in this work has a particular effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the automatic test effect of the electronic controller, this paper combines the intelligent control algorithm to construct the automatic test system of the electronic controller. Moreover, the paper makes a detailed theoretical analysis of several basic problems relating to signal integrity and gives a general method to solve the main SI problems. In addition, this paper analyzes the principle of the microstrip transmission line parameter model and its relationship with the signal integrity and constructs an automated test system for an intelligent electronic controller. The simulation test results show that the electronic controller automated test system based on the intelligent control algorithm proposed in this paper can play an important role in the electronic controller automated test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state-estimation and optimal control of multigeneration systems are challenging for wide-area systems having numerous distributed automatic voltage regulators (AVR). This paper proposes a modified Q-learning method and algorithm that aim to improve the convergence of the approach and enhance the dynamic response and stability of the terminal voltage of multiple generators in the experimental Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) and large-scale IEEE 39-bus test systems. The large-scale experimental testbed consists of a six-area, 39-bus system having ten generators that are connected to ten AVRs. The implementation shows promising results in providing stable terminal voltage profiles and other system parameters across a wide range of AVR systems under different test scenarios including N-1 contingency and fault conditions. The approach could provide significant stability improvement for wide-area systems as compared to the implementation of conventional methods such as using standalone AVR and/or power system stabilizers (PSS) for the wide-area control of power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some sensitive data in the network will be leaked due to the loopholes or weaknesses of the web system itself, which will bring potential harm to the society or the public. Aiming at this, this study carries out the design of web security penetration test system. A test scheme comparing single method with an automatic comprehensive test method is designed. Based on this scheme, an automatic penetration test system script used under the terminal operation page is tested and designed. A security evaluation algorithm based on the prediction results of the game between attack and defense is proposed. Through this algorithm, different website systems are evaluated and scored, and the test results are compared through scoring. The automatic penetration test integration system designed and implemented in this study can meet the main objectives of web security and the protection requirements of websites against general, routine, and universal security attacks. The proposed evaluation algorithm is more detailed, accurate, and reference in scoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The segmental joints are the weak parts of the immersed tunnel structure, and their deformation characteristics are closely correlated with the waterproof behavior and structural safety of the whole tunnel. In order to study the deformation characteristics of the segmental joints of immersed structure, in this paper, the E13 pipe section in the natural foundation section of an immersed tunnel in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is taken as the research object, and the model test of the immersed tunnel is carried out. The similarity ratio of the model to the prototype is determined according to the actual engineering scale and the capability of the model test system, and the plexiglass is selected as the model material of the immersed tunnel according to the similarity of elastic modulus and density. In the test, various working conditions, including back-silting load and different prestress control values, are analyzed, and the influence of settlement and opening of the immersed tunnel is obtained, along with the stress-strain characteristics of the segment joints. Results show that the increase of the back-silting load will increase the element settlement and the expansion of the segment joints, but the application of prestress increases the overall stiffness of the element, which can effectively restrain the settlement of element and the expansion of joints. Furthermore, based on the model test conditions, a finite element model is established to simulate the mechanical behavior of the immersed tunnel. The settlement curve and stress-strain curve of the numerical analysis are found to be similar to those obtained from the model test, which verifies the reliability of the model test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parallel restoration following blackouts can reduce economic and social losses. This paper aims to develop a parallel restoration method coordinating the partitioning scheme of the blackout system and restoration strategies of subsystems. The susceptible-infected-recovered model, i.e., a virus propagation model of complex networks, is used to decide the parallel restoration strategies online. Firstly, various types of viruses are used to represent different subsystems. The probability vector of virus infection is obtained according to the importance level of each bus. Secondly, an immunization strategy is developed based on the faulted buses in the blackout situation. According to the infection rate and the immunization strategy, the virus propagation direction will be changed based on real-time system conditions. The startup characteristics of units and the charging reactive power of restoration paths are considered as constraints to embed in the virus propagation process. Finally, the partitioning scheme and the restorative actions for subsystems are determined based on the infected results of viruses. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by case studies on the IEEE 39-bus and the IEEE 118-bus test systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapid development of network technology, most users can simultaneously or alternately use multiple communication terminals. At this time, how to build a control platform of integrated network to help users manage multiple terminals has become the focus of mobile network technology research and development. On the basis of understanding the design content of the network control platform and according to the three types of network selection algorithm, this paper analyzes how to build the architecture of the multiterminal collaborative network control platform based on the open source Mobicents design and conducts test research on its system implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of science and technology, in order to provide better financial information for economic decision-making, people urgently need a new financial reporting model. For the existing financial reporting model, it is only published in PDF or HTML format. This paper introduces multimedia technology and XBRL to reform, and studies the financial reporting model under the multimedia complex intelligent system, which can effectively remedy the drawbacks of the existing financial reporting model. Firstly, this paper introduces the theory and technical basis of the financial reporting model; secondly, according to the specific needs, it designs the relevant functions; finally, combined with multimedia technology and network technology, the financial reporting system under multimedia complex intelligent system is constructed. In addition, through testing the system implemented in this paper, the performance and functional practicability of the system are analyzed, which shows that the financial reporting system designed in this paper is suitable for today's economic environment and can provide financial information very well. When the number of process instances reaches 900 at the same time, the average flow cycle is only about 1.5 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platform-pile systems are typically used in bridge foundations and seaport structures. These systems are difficult to analyze using a conventional low-strain integrity test (LST) due to periodic oscillations. A staggered-grid finite-difference (SFD) method is proposed for a platform-pile system in soil and verified with ABAQUS and measured data. Different impact locations on the top surface of the platform and the lateral surface of the pile are analyzed, and parallel velocities are obtained at different locations. Choosing an appropriate impact location reduces the influence of the periodic oscillation signal; the impact locations at the center of symmetry are the best choices. At the same impact energy, the impact location should not be outside the cross section of the pile when the impact occurs on the top surface of the platform to achieve a meaningful damage signal. When the impact locations are on the lateral surface of the pile, the interferences are relatively small, and the damage vibration signal can be detected. The material and size of the hammer determine the impact duration and should be chosen to reduce the high-frequency influences and obtain reasonable data for analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Networked education represents a development direction of educational reform, has become a feature of modern education, and has formed a new impetus to the development of education. The change from paper-and-pencil examinations to computer network-based machine examinations is not only a reform of the content and form of the University English Level 4 and 6 examinations, but also a reflection of the reform of the comprehensive assessment system and teaching philosophy of University English teaching. Promoting the development and construction of online college English examination systems in universities, applying machine examinations to various types of tests and formal examinations for college English teaching, and updating the college English question bank through continuous accumulation of professional teachers will have very high research value and practical value in improving the quality of examinations and promoting the standardization of college English examinations. In order to show the individualized chemistry report simultaneously, it is necessary to further ask relevant subject experts, educational measurement experts, and front-line teachers to expand the question attributes; that is, the question attributes extend to module specific knowledge points, cognitive levels, and information literacy ability levels, while most of the pages are combined with Ajax technology to reduce hardware resource dependency and optimize software performance. The paper analyzes the requirements analysis and overall design of the online college English examination system, including the design objectives, design principles, functional design, core algorithm design, architecture design, database design, and security design. The main functions of the online college English examination system, such as personal information management, question bank information management, test paper grouping management, online examination management, paper marking management, and system setting management, are discussed in detail. The main functions of the system, such as personal information management, question bank information management, test paper grouping management, online test management, mark and approve management, and system setting management, are discussed in detail, and the performance test and some function test of the system are also briefly discussed. The whole research process involves the identification of test questions and their attributes in the construction of the question bank, the construction of the adaptive test system, the comprehensive analysis of the mock test results, and the thinking about the application of the high school adaptive academic level test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead titanate in titanium-titanium mine and lead (solid solution optimized ferroelectric) is one of the most widely used multifunctional material systems, and they are outside the field (such as light, electricity, and heat) Structure, domain, and phase evolution characteristics are important for ferroelectric, piezoelectric, photoelectric, and memory applications. Functional materials are those high-tech materials with excellent electrical, magnetic, optical, and thermal functions, special physical, and chemical and biological effects, capable of completing functional interconversion, mainly used to manufacture various functional components and are widely used in various high-tech fields. This paper mainly analyzes iron and electrical materials and artificial intelligence technology by studying the characteristics of ferroelectric materials and research status at home and abroad and using artificial intelligence technology and the calculation of ferroelectric materials for artificial intelligence technology and Dexie optimization model. Artificial intelligence is a new technical science that studies and develops theories, methods, technologies, and application systems for simulating, extending, and expanding human intelligence. For artificial intelligence before the optimization of the hardware and software of the ferroelectric material performance test system, the optimized system is performed; the optimized system is subjected to safety testing; all test results show that the performance test of the ferroelectric material after optimization. The system data is well operating, and the artificial intelligence technology is suitable for optimization of the performance test system of ferroelectric material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving reliability is one of the most critical problems in power distribution networks. Optimal placement of automatic switches improves system reliability. Practical constraints such as maneuver points and the capacity of neighboring feeders are often overlooked. Reliability indices may also be improved by optimizing maneuver point locations considering the capacities of neighboring feeders. In this paper, a new perspective on the problem of recloser placement in the presence of switch disconnectors (sectionneurs) with the ability to disconnect under load is proposed. The limitations of transmission power capacity at maneuver points are also considered in the proposed method. In addition, by proposing a Markov model, the possibility of malfunction of reclosers is considered. The proposed method is applied to two case studies including Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) and the real distribution network in Mazandaran, Iran. Real system data are collected during the years 2016–2021. The problem is solved for various scenarios. In the case of 12 fully reliable reclosers, taking into account the optimal maneuver points and without any capacity limitations, compared to the allocation of maneuver points at the endpoints of the feeders show a %4.37 increase in the reliability of the real system. Even by considering practical capacity limitations in the maneuver points, this improvement is %3.47. Also, the results show a %6.684 decrease in the system reliability by considering malfunction in the case of 12 reclosers. This underscores the importance of taking into account the reclosers malfunctions in optimal switch placement for better decision making in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]