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In recent years human traffickings have increasingly attracted worldwide attention. Today all over the world people perceive human traffickings as one of the most serious problems. Human traffickings become more and more dynamic and complex as time goes on. As a result it becomes more difficult to investigate the actual conditions and cope well with them. In this paper human trafficking networks around Japan and East Asia are examined from the perspective of chaos/commplexity criminology. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years human traffickings have increasingly attracted worldwide attention. Today all over the world people perceive human traffickings as one of the most serious problems. Human traffickings become more and more dynamic and complex as time goes on. As a result it becomes more difficult to investigate the actual conditions and cope well with them. In this paper human trafficking networks around Japan and East Asia are examined from the perspective of chaos/commplexity criminology. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Braithwaite draws on the concept of reintegrative shaming while explaining low crime rate in Japan. While the reintegrative shaming theory plausibly explains the low crime rates, Braithwaite does not go further to delve into the origin of reintergrative shaming. Nor does he attempt to investigate relationship between reintegrative shaming and other crucial dimensions that are critically related to crime causation family, education, and economy. This paper maintains that Confucianism serves as the origin of reintegrative shaming as well as low crime rates in East Asia, including Japan. It also shows how Confucianism relates to communitarianism, interdependence, and social dynamics that affect crime rates. Finally, it suggests a strong moral education, both formal and informal, as a potential way to decrease high crime rates in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]