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For several decades, the southern African region, with its diverse natural and cultural attractions, has been an uninterrupted prime destination for sustainable tourism. However, a devastating Covid-19 pandemic presented severe challenges to the global tourism industry, crippling several businesses. The effect was more pronounced especially in the global south, including southern Africa which is confronted by a multitude of challenges. Meanwhile, this crisis presented opportunities for the adoption of sustainable tourism practices in the post-Covid era. This paper provides insights into sustainable tourism practices in the post-Covid era, drawing lessons on how the southern African region survived the crisis. The paper discusses the concept of sustainable tourism and its importance in the post-Covid era. Furthermore, it explores the impact of the pandemic on the tourism industry in southern Africa and the need for sustainable tourism practices. Sustainable tourism practices that have been adopted in the region, such as community-based tourism, eco-tourism, and responsible tourism are discussed. This paper highlights the lessons that can be learned from sustainable tourism practices in southern Africa in the post-Covid era. These lessons can be applied globally to promote sustainable tourism and ensure the resilience of the tourism industry in the face of future crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than a year and a half, educators and students have been navigating the stormy seas of remote teaching-learning. After months of the coronavirus epidemic and countless research on its impacts on university teaching and learning, the repercussions of this unparalleled state of affairs are only partially known. This paper adds to the current research on how university teachers have dealt with it in an effort to understand the impacts on teaching the course of "design studio" that has never been taught online before. However, many are returning to in-person classes or planning to use a blended teaching approach. As a result, the second purpose of this study is to learn more about how teachers plan to teach in the future, which is an innovative topic that has piqued our attention. Six professors agreed to let us observe their design studio classes for the total period of 8 months spread over three semesters from 2020 and 2021. The majority of students had favorable experiences with online teaching and examinations, and most would welcome this format in the future, according to an analysis of these programs. The same cannot be said for teachers, who see this method of instruction as time-consuming and demanding. Simultaneously, this paper aims to highlight the advantages of remote teaching-learning models in teaching design studios, suiting students' educational needs, and aiding in their professional growth as architects. The research stems from the hypothesis that the pandemic will have a long-term impact on lesson planning, and opens a fresh discussion about multi-mode educational implications that learners, teachers, and other education actors should consider in the next phase of post-COVID-19 era before deciding on going back to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic classroom teaching-learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promotional activities are among the most significant aspects in ensuring continual visits and engagements from visitors to heritage sites and institutions, including museums. An ineffective marketing technique will make it challenging to attract visitors and communities. This leads to the decrease number of visitors, undermining the fundamental mission of museums as an informal educational establishment for the public. However, few studies have been done on a promotional strategy for museum management in Malaysia. This paper seeks to bridge the gap by exploring the current museum's marketing technique, using the Kelantan State Museum as a case study. It aims to look further into the museum's promotional strategy, the involvement of responsible bodies, and the challenges in promoting the museum, specifically during the covid-19 pandemic. The research employed a qualitative design with purposeful approaches and snowballing techniques by interviewing the personnel at the Kelantan State Museum. The collected data were then analysed by applying Braun and Clarke's six-step thematic analysis methodology. The results identified three main themes: marketing strategies and activities, collaboration between stakeholders and challenges going forward. The overarching findings highlighted major stakeholders and their degree of participation in museum promotion. This paper also discussed the challenges posed by the museum management in promoting their establishment to the public. This include issues such as visitor expectations, funding cuts and digital adaptation; and the cessation of many museum hubs for physical visitations due to the Covid-19, leading to new rules being presented to adapt to the recent changes in ensuring visitors' safety. It is believed that the new norm has impacted the museum management's efforts to promote their institution, necessitating the development of new strategies to increase public participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus Disease 2021 or COVID-19 has affected almost all individuals around the globe. Consequently, Malaysia is one of the nations that has been facing tremendous changes in various sectors due to COVID-19. As the number of positive cases is on the rise, the Malaysian government has executed its National COVID-19 Immunization Program to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and the severity of disease in case a vaccinated person is infected. However, there are also individuals who have contributed to vaccine refusal due to many factors including misinformation about vaccines, religious beliefs, lack of knowledge, and awareness. Therefore, this paper presents a combination of instructional design and cognitive load theory named CoLoMo model, to increase the awareness of COVID-19 among parents. The CoLoMo model is a theory for mobile application development involving three elements in mobile instruction design which include platform, design, accessibility, and design page. These elements have been chosen prior to the target users which are parents or adults. The three cognitive load theory types in this model are intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. The combination of the mobile interaction design and cognitive load theory types will affect the user's cognitive performance which are concentration, learning capabilities and attributes. This paper also discusses the previous research on the implementation of cognitive load theory through mobile applications. Several strategies that emphasize different relevant cognitive processes which are useful to consider when developing mobile applications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many higher education institutions (HEIs) to implement online learning. Various courses including entrepreneurship were conducted by using online methods, such as synchronous and asynchronous. However, the achievement of course outcomes through these two methods has yet to be examined. As such, this paper presented the level of entrepreneurial intention exhibited by university students after they have completed an entrepreneurship course through online learning method. It further compared the entrepreneurial intention level between students who attended the course through synchronous and asynchronous online learning modes. The data were collected through questionnaire survey method, in which only quantitative data pertaining to students' background and entrepreneurial intention were gathered. A total of 315 students were randomly selected from a population of full-time students who have completed an entrepreneurship course in a local university. They were required to respond to an online self-administered questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained prior to the process of data collection and responses were treated anonymously. As for data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. Specifically, mean and standard deviation were used to determine the level of entrepreneurial intention. Internal consistency was used to confirm the reliability of data. While independent sample t-test was carried out to compare the entrepreneurial intention level between students from synchronous and asynchronous learning modes. The data demonstrated that differences were found in entrepreneurial intention between the two groups of students. Therefore, it could be concluded that synchronous and asynchronous modes yielded different level of entrepreneurial intention among students. This paper provided new insight on online learning for entrepreneurship course, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic period in which most courses were conducted online. It was also useful for HEIs to assess the effectiveness of online learning in delivering entrepreneurship course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Covid-19 pandemic, videotelephony has become a popular communication method. Some communication, like business meetings, school classroom activities, market transactions, etc, should be replaced with online ways because of the social distancing policy. But not all people can easily use the online meeting platform. Some still struggle with bandwidth consumption of online meeting (video conference) activities. They need more low bandwidth consumption in doing video conferences because high bandwidth consumption means high costs. This paper discusses lowering video conferences based on turning on or off cameras. Because of this case, some platforms create their video conference applications. One of the popular video conference applications is Zoom Meeting. The data used in this paper are collected by using 30 computers in a laboratory. Firstly, the total time every user turns on his camera and his bandwidth consumption is investigated, every computer is set to turn on its camera for 1, 2, 3..., 30 minutes. The result shows there is no relation between them. Secondly, the number of people who turn on their cameras and the bandwidth consumption of every user is collected. All computer cameras are turned on in the first observation, and then a computer turns off its camera every three minutes. The result shows a relation with decreasing trend between both variables, but there is heteroscedasticity between them. The data is reduced until only fifteen computers turn on its camera until one computer. The result is a strong connection between both variables. It is caused by the gallery view method is using in the observation. Lastly, we recommended only speaker view in doing Zoom Meetings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tourism and hospitality sectors were among the most negatively impacted industries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many studies have reflected on the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism and hospitality industry; however, more needs to be written about the effect on the customers. Therefore, this paper aims to report if COVID-19 has affected the use of hospitality establishments and service customers during and after the lockdown in South Africa. This was a cross-sectional quantitative study. Google Forms were used for data collection using snowball and convenience sampling techniques. Seven hospitality establishment categories (Bed and breakfast, guesthouses, hotels, Airbnb, sit-down restaurants, fast food outlets, and wine farms) and two hospitality services (Catering services and delivery services) participated in the study. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26 and presented using descriptive statistics. Demographic data was introduced to give an overview of all the respondents. Most respondents were female (64%) and Africans (69%). Most respondents were employees (49%), earning salaries ranging between R5000 and R50 000. Most customers indicated that they continued to use these establishments and services during the lockdown and were willing to continue doing so post-lockdown. In terms of salaries versus the categories of establishments, customers who earned less visited establishments the most. However, it was observed that customers who visited restaurants were from all salary ranges (brackets). This indicates that customers always continue visiting hospitality establishments and utilising hospitality services. This affirms the importance of the hospitality industry in the social and economic space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As in any other part of the world, the COVID-19 pandemic had a huge impact on tourism in the south-eastern island of Cyprus. Indeed, in a turbulent environment with many challenges that Cyprus' tourism had to face, such as loss of competitiveness, monoculture of tourism, unplanned development, human resources management issues, etc., the pandemic was considered the most significant, that not only led to the halt of tourism activity - and hence, the partial collapse of the industry - for many months, but also brought into the surface several chronic structural problems of the island's hospitality business, in terms of management. This paper seeks to examine how the tourism sector and more specifically, hotel enterprises in Cyprus handled the crisis and its consequences. To collect the data, exploratory research was utilised through the form of document scanning as well as face-to-face in-depth interviews with representatives of fivestar hotels in Cyprus. Findings revealed that the greatest challenge that hotels in Cyprus needed to face during the pandemic era, was the high degree of uncertainty. All respondents stressed the role of the government and its support and emphasized the cooperation between the public and private sectors on the island. The results of the study would be useful for hotel managers to reduce the immediate impact of the crisis and support the long-term recovery of their operations and expansion, of Cyprus tourism, in a sustainable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 outbreak impacted drastically to education and most of educational institutions started preferring online education for students. However, after the settlement of the pandemic there is uncertainty among people about whether they should prefer online education for furthermore or start in offline mode to make it more interactive, so this paper is about an analysis of people's sentiments and emotions through Tweets about COVID-19 Education. This paper aims to study the reaction of people around the world toward online education during COVID-19. This study is conducted on the basis of the responses of students, teachers, parents, college professors, etc. We started with labeling the data into three sentiments namely positive, neutral, and negative and for validation then we used Machine learning (ML) classifiers namely, Logistic regression, Decision tree, Random Forest, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Naïve Bayes, Support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and XG-Boost. Then we performed emotion detection by considering 5 emotions namely happy, surprise, sad, fear, and angry and for validation we used ML classifiers. After applying all these ML approaches, the XG Boost ML classifier achieved the highest accuracy of 94% in classifying the tweets as positive, neutral, or negative, and 96% accuracy in classifying the tweets as happy, surprised, sad, fearful, or angry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID 19 disease has spread worldwide, disrupting the economy, society, education, and health. It became crucial to understand the transmission curve and identify the best action in combating this highly transmissible epidemic. Epidemiological parameters of the deterministic Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model are widely used in explaining the characteristics and behavior of the disease spreading. Disease like COVID-19 is highly influenced by the uncontrolled factors of randomness, hence in this paper, the deterministic susceptible-infected-recovered-death (SIRD) model is extended to the stochastic SIRD (SSIRD) model. SSIRD model takes into consideration the noisy behavior of the process which explains the uncontrolled effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. The epidemiological parameter of the model changes throughout the epidemic due to external factors such as enforcement and public obedience to the control measures as well as the changes in healthcare facilities. These parameters need to be estimated. This paper estimates the epidemiological parameters of the SSIRD model using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method of the Metropolis Hasting algorithm. The COVID-19 data from Malaysia and Indonesia are used and the dynamical behavior of the COVID-19 outbreak in both countries is simulated. The results show the parameter changing due to the uncontrolled factors influencing the trend of the pandemic curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]