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This paper develops a two-way research method - both top-down and bottom-up - to define a "standard but tailored" assessment framework for smart cities, based on shared smart city concepts, but designed to respond to different needs of each city. The method aims not to design a measurement standard, but to define a process able to create the best smart city measurement system. It is based on a standard framework but tailored on each city - with its own features, problems, values, and ideas about the quality of life. This method overcomes the limitations of using standard framework, as it links smart city assessment tools to local policies but giving to the tool the authoritativeness deriving from the scientific literature and the robustness acquired from international nest practices. An empirical implementation supports the theoretical background and allows to validate the method, as it has been successfully implemented in Genoa, a medium-sized city in Italy looking for its own performance measurement system that allows comparison with other smart cities at the same time. The bidirectional method is designed by the authors of this paper, and it is a novelty in the international literature about research methodology for business and management studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, Living Labs are evaluated in multiple different ways which is hampering comparison. This paper proposes a harmonized method combining various elements (6 chapters, 15 criteria and 34 KPIs), mainly based on the standardized evaluation framework developed by Vervoort et al. (2022) for evaluating the diverse types of Living Labs. Such a harmonized approach will help to simplify evaluation processes and will allow to compare the stability and maturity of LLs in a uniform manner. The premise is that creating a harmonized assessment method will increase the sustainability of Living Labs by providing them a method that allows comparison of the maturity of multiple types of Living Labs without losing sight of the particularities of individual Living Labs within their specific contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a two-way research method -- both top-down and bottom-up -- to define a "standard but tailored" assessment framework for smart cities, based on shared smart city concepts, but designed to respond to different needs of each city. The method aims not to design a measurement standard, but to define a process able to create the best smart city measurement system. It is based on a standard framework but tailored on each city -- with its own features, problems, values, and ideas about the quality of life. This method overcomes the limitations of using standard framework, as it links smart city assessment tools to local policies but giving to the tool the authoritativeness deriving from the scientific literature and the robustness acquired from international nest practices. An empirical implementation supports the theoretical background and allows to validate the method, as it has been successfully implemented in Genoa, a medium-sized city in Italy looking for its own performance measurement system that allows comparison with other smart cities at the same time. The bidirectional method is designed by the authors of this paper, and it is a novelty in the international literature about research methodology for business and management studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]