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In the paper, an android malware detection method based on evolutionary super-network is proposed in order to improve the precision of android malware detection. Chi square statistics method is used for selecting characteristics on the basis of analyzing android authority. Boolean weighting is utilized for calculating characteristic weight. Processed characteristic vector is regarded as the system training set and test set; hyper edge alternative strategy is used for training super-network classification model, thereby classifying test set characteristic vectors, and it is compared with traditional classification algorithm. The results show that the detection method proposed in the paper is close to or better than traditional classification algorithm. The proposed method belongs to an effective Android malware detection means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Denial of Service (DOS) attack is a continuous security risk in cyberspace. They are weaponized with advanced technologies and becoming more and more powerful as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. DDoS is one of the most occurring attacks nowadays and new methods are being needed to be able to detect such attacks. Attackers use many different techniques to perform DDoS attacks. Different DoS attack types has different characteristics and research is still needed to identify such attacks. In this paper, we analyse slow DDoS attack types (slowloris, slow http attack, etc) and propose a framework to detect them using machine learning techniques. We utilize gain-ratio and chi-squared ranking methods to select optimal feature subset for training detection mechanism. CICIDS2017 and CSE-CIC-IDS 2018 datasets are used to evaluate the proposed detection mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis on finding patterns of household expenditures including the relationships between various household characteristics and family consumptions is important. This is because the behaviours of household expenditures affect economic developments and policy planning of a country. This paper explores characteristics of households with different levels of household expenditures to determine characteristics of consumers in Malaysia. Drawing from the Household Expenditure Survey (HES) done by the Department of Statistics Malaysia, the relationships between all variables in the household expenditure survey are extracted by using an association rules mining algorithm which is the Apriori algorithm. Association rules mining method is proposed in this study to gather hidden information in the survey since it is able to identify combinations of variables that occur concurrently in large dataset. The Apriori algorithm is chosen because it is simple and easy to execute. The study shows that there are significant relationships between the characteristics of a household with their total expenditures based on chi-squared test. Family size, education background and marital status are all important factors influencing household expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to explore how tenders for public works contracts differ from other public tenders in the area of Czech electronic reverse auctions. Data on real electronic reverse auctions were analysed in order to examine selected basic auction inputs and outputs (number of bidders, amount of realized relative savings, and method of evaluation used). Histogram and chi-square test of independence were used in order to evaluate the dataset. The findings show that the level of competition and amount of realized relative savings in ERA among construction tenders and other tenders are similar, while the chi-square test of independence revealed an association between the type of the tender and the evaluation method used in auction. Possible future research directions are outlined at the end of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the great number of existing testing methods, a problem related to choosing the most appropriate testing method arises. Often the tester has difficulty in choosing the necessary testing method for a particular information system to gain assurance that it implements all of its functions correctly. When testing an information system, it is also important to ensure that the system functions are interacting correctly. Therefore, the paper offers a solution to use scenario-based testing method that provides this aspect. This paper is dedicated to the description of the current situation in relation to scenario-based testing method application for testing information systems, as well as offering a solution of adaptation and usage of this testing method for testing information systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of e-commerce in Indian market witnesses the emergence of new consumer group known as e-consumers. Due to extreme involvement of consumers purchasing goods/services through online mode, consumers required protection against online fraud. As majority transactions are through online consumer protection should be availed through online. The main objective of the study is to know about the e-consumer awareness towards e-commerce consumer protection Act 2019, what are the guidelines and measures taken by the e-consumers protection act to protect the interest of e-consumers towards online trading. The study is based on both primary and secondary data, we have used Percentage analysis and chi-square test. So, this paper aims to examine the awareness about e-commerce guidelines for consumer protection 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) is statistical software used predominantly by researchers substantiating their empirical research work. The paper makes an attempt to facilitate the usage of statistical tests for different types of data encountered during research. The authors explain the appropriate way of computing data through chi square test, Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA (F test) tests. The paper acts as guide for budding and future researchers on understanding the applicability of tests against the quantitative data set generated through primary source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent significant downtrend in the cost of photovoltaic (PV) modules has accelerated their deployment around the world on a large scale. This paper presents the observed radiations at four locations in Libya to analyze the statistical solar radiation data provided by Centre for Solar Energy Research and Studies of Libya (CSERS). The solar radiation data set is analyzed using Weibull, Normal, Rayleigh and Gamma distribution. An effort has been made to find out the most suitable distribution of solar radiation data, based on two goodness of fit tests, namely Chi-Squared test and Kolmgorov- Smirnov test. Root mean square error and correlation coefficient are also used to determine error and describe the correlation between the observed data and each distribution. From analysis it is concluded that Weibull and Normal distribution gives the best fit for observed solar radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that the Chi-Square Test imparts a binary correlation between the variables examined and it does not offer the exact degree of dependence or independence which is always a major issue, this research proposes an innovative method of yielding these values with precision and accuracy. More specifically, this paper introduces and applies the Fuzzy Chi-Square Test, which fuzzifies the Chi-Square Test's p-value by employing linguistics like Low, Medium, High in order to incorporate the level of dependence or independence of the variables examined. In this way it renders nonrigid inference mechanisms, easier understanding and ability to model functions of arbitrary complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is designed to investigate the expected drive time from source (Dolphin and Ugbuwangwejetty) to destination (Kurutie jetty) in Gbaramatu kingdom. The chi square goodness of fit test and the proposed modified chi square test goodness of fit (MCSTGF) are applied to determine the expected drive time from source to destination. The Pearson correlation technique was used to investigate the strength of association between the computed expected drive time and the observed drive time. The results based on the hypothesis revealed that the expected drive time from source to destination with Yamaha 115hp is less than one hour (49 minutes) and more than one hour (95.1 minutes) with Yamaha 90hp. The finding demonstrated that the expected drive time between 49 minutes and 95.1 minutes depends on the capacity of the speed boat engine. The results showed that the computed expected drive time of the MCSTGF methodand the observed drive time could be used effectively to determine the strength of association. The study inferred that there is a very weak positive association (r=0.021) and (r=0.021) for study condition one and two based on the MCSTGF method whereas thecomputed expected drive time from the conventional chi-square method and the observed drive time indicates that there is no correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the internal research plan of the Research Institute for Agrarian Economy and Rural Development, the project entitled "Marketing studies for sustainable agri-food products and analysis of consumption behavior, in the objectives context of the European strategy From farm to Fork (From farm to consumer)". Starting from the objectives of the strategy mentioned in the title of the project, in the first phase, we identified 4 groups of agri-food products for which marketing studies will be carried out, respectively: nuts, fruits, vegetables and whole grains. The present work presents the main results obtained following the analysis methodology used, to outline the profile of consumers of nuts in Romania, as well as a form of validation or not of research hypotheses, using the SPSS program, in order to calculate reference parameters for studying the synergies between the independent and dependent variables under research, such as the chi-square test or the contingency coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper it is described how to analyze SNPs data by using bootstrap method. The bootstrap method is used in case of the chi-square Q² statistics and the likelihood ratio statistics G². It is described how to use the method in case-control association studies. Simulation study is used to explore the properties of the method. Based on the original table, it can be construct a new table and related statistical value of statistics. Figure 1(a) and Figure 1(b) presents the number B = 1.000.000 statistical value of chi-square test and likelihood ratio test, respectively. The bootstrap p-values for two (original) statistical tests are 1.2 × 10-5 and 1.9 ×10-5, respectively. The described method can also be applied to the whole genome case-control association studies which uses thousands SNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a new non-parametric independence test is presented. García and González-López (2014) [1] introduced the LIS test for the hypothesis of independence between two continuous random variables, the test proposed in this work is a generalization of the LIS test. The new test does not require the assumption of continuity for the random variables, it test is applied to two datasets and also compared with the Pearson's Chi-squared test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is introducing a methodology for motion sensing. The method must is appropriate to sens the targetted character based on Poisons chi-square statistics. Our aim was that to create a controller, what looks like a magic wand and it can sens the simple air drawings. This paper presents the structure of the controller and the algorithm of data processing and the result of the first test with the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media has enabled multi-way flow of information amongst patients and healthcare professionals in an unprecedented scale. Yet, little work has been done hitherto to examine the extent to which social media has been implemented in the hospital websites globally. Also, how social media applications have been used to support clinicians and patients remains largely unexplored. Hence, this paper seeks to address the following two research questions: (1) To what extent are social media applications prevalent in the hospital websites globally? (2) In what ways have Web 2.0 applications been used in hospital websites? To address these questions, a total 90 hospital websites across three regions, namely, Asia, Europe and North American were selected for analysis. Within each region, an equal representation of websites from non-profit, government and private hospitals was drawn. Using a combination of chi-square analysis and content analysis, a number of findings are discussed. This paper concludes with notes on limitations and future work [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic person verification has become a crucial problem in networked society. Providing authorized access to a person is a challenging task. To resolve all these issues, biometrics has emerged as an important and effective solution. Although many biometrics have been proposed, public acceptability and privacy concerns remain a block to implementation in public services. Another concern is computational overhead in real-time scenario. This paper discusses a new method and its related analysis that based on palm print verification using local binary pattern (LBP) to capture the palm print texture. Experimental results demonstrate that this technique is simple, highly accurate and takes less time to process the palm print image. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Wellness as a lifestyle refers to special state of health incorporating the harmony of body, mind and spirit. This kind of life style is also dominant during vacation. The main aim of this paper was to determine the differences among three groups of tourists: high-level wellness consumers, moderate level wellness and low level wellness consumers with respect to selecting tourism destination and their personal characteristics. Data was collected from July, through September 2009 as a part of a research on tourists' behavior on a sample of tourists staying in five seaside tourist resorts in the Istria County. Differences were tested using chi square test and one way ANOVA. Significant differences between three groups were found from the aspect of sample characteristics, traveling with a party, usage of information sources, travel motives, length of stay, overnight stay in other places, visiting other tourism destinations, priorities in life, influence of economic crisis on perception of vacation and appropriateness of prices in restaurants. These results suggest that there are differences among the three groups of tourists Wellness as a lifestyle refers to special state of health incorporating the harmony of body, mind and spirit. This kind of life style is also dominant during vacation. The main aim of this paper was to determine the differences among three groups of tourists: high-level wellness consumers, moderate level wellness and low level wellness consumers with respect to selecting tourism destination and their personal characteristics. Data was collected from July, through September 2009 as a part of a research on tourists' behavior on a sample of tourists staying in five seaside tourist resorts in the Istria County. Differences were tested using chi square test and one way ANOVA. Significant differences between three groups were found from the aspect of sample characteristics, traveling with a party, usage of information sources, travel motives, length of stay, overnight stay in other places, visiting other tourism destinations, priorities in life, influence of economic crisis on perception of vacation and appropriateness of prices in restaurants. These results suggest that there are differences among the three groups of tourists 1918 based on their preferences towards wellness that can be used in further development of wellness tourism in Istria County. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the class of non-homogeneous Stephani models as a prototype of models in which the present acceleration is driven by non-homogeneities. We present an alternative explanation of the present acceleration to the ΛCDM model. We confront the Stephani models with SNIa observations on recent available supernovae samples. It is shown that the Stephani model is in good agreement with the SNIa observational data. Complementary analysis of the age of the oldest astronomical objects as a methods of estimation model parameter is also used for confirmation of our analysis. The key point of the paper is using Informative Criteria of model selection for qualifying the evidence in favour of the Stephani model over ΛCDM. The Stephani model is compared with concordance ΛCDM model by using Akaike and Bayesian informative criterions. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual universities have developed considerably over the past decade, particularly on the African continent. They provide a way to deal with the considerable need to educate a large young population, but the lack of physical space can be a drawback that prevents students from succeeding and increasing dropout compared to a more traditional face-to-face university. To limit these issues, some virtual universities have been opening Open Digital Spaces (ODS) to complement the virtual space and offer students a place where to work and solve pedagogical, technical or administrative issues. However, it is unclear how students actually make use of these ODS and which uses can be beneficial or detrimental to their success and limit dropout. In this paper we lead an exploratory study of the results of a large-scale digital survey in a major African Virtual University (N=2392 answers) to identify factors in the use of Open Digital Spaces (ODS) that have an impact on students' success and dropout. We analyzed the data using multiple Chi-Square tests of independence. Results indicate that students who visit ODSs more during the 2 weeks before an exam or only when it is mandatory are statistically less likely to succeed, contrary to students who come to work in groups or for the internet access who are more likely to succeed. Conversely, students who do not see the value of ODSs for learning and who visit only when mandatory are more likely to dropout, contrary to students who come when they have a pedagogical need or to work in groups who are less likely to dropout. Some factors particularly impact first year university students, highlighting the need to make them understand which use of the ODS are relevant to increase their chances to graduate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2019 novel Corona-virus infection spreads very quickly all over the world, many employers have decided to secure themselves as freelancers and to shift to remote work. The current system offers project outsourcing in a manual work. Hiring a Freelance Coder is designed to develop an interface for the organization and the freelancing professionals using responsive web design. This article highlights the project outsourcing through virtual environment there is no need of real physical meet up. The working flow of this website, The Company posts its project requirement to this application by the given category. The freelancer can search and view any project posted on this application and the freelancer can bid the project to outsource from the company. The entire bid details can be verified by the company and can approve the bid. The company can monitor the work status given by the freelancer and ask queries. The internship candidate can view the internship list and they can apply and send a resume. The present study was conducted during the month of December 2020, where questionnaires are formed and data collected using Google forms. Analysis of the data is made through Simple percentage method, Chi square test and ranking method. After analysis it found that the majority holding 31-40 age group of freelancers prefer online freelancing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of nurses caring for patients with chronic conditions such as cancer remains a topical subject. Nursing curricula emphasizes the breadth of knowledge and caring skills required by nurses to suit all the key long term patient morbidities. Since the incidence of cancer is increasing and is a global problem nurses will come cross patients with cancer as a main or subsidiary condition and thus need an awareness of the care and needs of these patients. Currently, there is limited information on the preparation of pre-registered nursing students and little is known about the experiences of these students, especially during their initial exposure to cancer patients. A British study conducted in 2006 [2] produced several key themes: cancer appears as a wide reaching disease appearing in a variety of clinical areas, students felt scared of discussing cancer and they indicated personal experiences and support structures influenced their outlook on cancer and nursing these patients. This same study repeated ten years on indicates the student demographic is very different as is the attitude towards and of cancer care. The sample is also different (n=134 in 2003-2004 and n=73 in 2016-2017) however the differences may point to generational differences, general education or greater awareness or exposure to cancer as a chronic condition. Experiences of caring for cancer patients increased from 66% in 2003-4 to 75.34% in 2016-17. Similarly dramatic differences were observed in reported aspects such as confidence to care for cancer patients increased form 34% to 96%, learning most about cancer from caring for cancer patients (from 47% to 68%) and feeling supported by mentors to care for cancer patients (from 39% to 83%). The survey points to some noticeable differences in the reported attitudes and knowledge of cancer in the survey. Planned interviews may elucidate the issues and feelings but are yet to be completed. This paper will further address comparisons within the findings and discuss how this can inform curriculum development for contemporary nurse education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many developed and developing countries are experiencing a sharp increase in the aging population. As age increases mobility decreases. Hence, these people are very vulnerable and they are forced to be socially excluded if proper transportation facility is not provided for them to access services. The Transportation planners and policy makers are responsible to increase the mobility needs of the ageing population. This paper focuses on the mode choice and trip length of senior citizen to access various services. The target group is the senior citizens whose age is 60 years and above. The study area is Tiruchirapalli City Corporation, Tamilnadu, India. The primary data collection was done by household questionnaire survey. The statistical analysis fixed that the travel pattern of a new generation of elderly has less heterogeneity. To further quantify the results Chi - square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) method was applied to investigate the heterogeneity in trip length among the senior citizen. Mode choice for the corresponding trip length was also analyzed. The variables taken for the study are gender, occupation, income, activities, frequency of travel, house hold size, mode and time of travel. The target group is categorized into three, based on their mobility. The results indicate that new generation elderly travel more frequently and longer distance than other groups. Active transport (walking and cycling) is most preferred for shorter distance and Two-Wheeler for longer distance. Female make more leisure trips than male. Older old people (>75) make less trips and their trip length is less than 1Km for walking and as trip length increase they prefer to travel in public transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is based on the author's experience of organizing intellectual quiz competitions, held in English, German and French among high-school students and university students since 2009 in Novosibirsk (Russia). The research is based on the analysis of the impact of the intellectual quiz competitions on the development of students' socio-cultural competence as well as proficiency in a foreign language. For this purpose a questionnaire was constructed and distributed among the participants of the contest including school students and their supervisors. In the course of study quantitative analysis and chi-square analysis were employed to describe and interpret the participants' opinions on the impact of this event on their linguistic and sociocultural competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation, as a cultural shift that integrates people, technology and business, is an ongoing process which affects many or all segments within society. It is a necessary and unavoidable process in changing the way of doing business as it increases productivity, value creation and the social welfare. However, there is a need to identify key factors that enable the successful implementation and support the process of digital transformation. Therefore, the primary goal of this paper is to analyse importance of one of the six key factors in this context: continuous learning. Companies should rely on continuous learning while facing the digital transformation process. Results based on a sample of medium and large enterprises in the Republic of Croatia shows that the private sector is developing the ability of continuous learning to a greater extent than public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution is a serious issue in most parts of Bihar, especially in its capital city, Patna. The air quality in Patna has significantly worsened due to factors like rapid urbanization, increased traffic, and various natural and human-related causes. This decline in air quality has led to several negative health effects. In light of this, the aim of this study was to examine how air pollution affects the long-term health of Patna's residents, taking into account age and exposure time as important factors. We gathered data from one busy intersection in Patna, specifically Danapur. Health effects from air pollution were collected from the residents via a formatted questionnaire. To analyze the relationship between age, exposure time, and the health effects reported by the participants, we used a statistical test called the chi square test of independence. The findings of the study revealed a clear link between age, exposure time, and the health status of the participants. We concluded that older individuals and those with longer exposure times faced a higher risk associated with the increasing air pollution levels. This study provides a foundation for raising awareness among both authorities and the general public of the adverse health impacts associated with declining air quality, emphasizing the urgency in taking appropriate measures to counter this challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergency and Trauma Department (ETD) is an important element for a hospital. It provides medical service, which operates 24 hours a day in most hospitals. However overcrowding is not exclusion for ETD. Overflowing occurs due to affordable services provided by public hospitals, since it is funded by the government. It is reported that a patient attending ETD must be treated within 90 minutes, in accordance to achieve the Key Performance Indicator (KPI). However, due to overcrowd situations, most patients have to wait longer than the KPI standard. In this paper, patient's average waiting time is analyzed. Using Chi-Square Test of Goodness, patient's inter arrival per hour is also investigated. As conclusion, Monday until Wednesday was identified as the days that exceed the KPI standard while Chi-Square Test of Goodness showed that the patient's inter arrival is independent and random. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CONRAD code is an object-oriented software tool developed at CEA Cadarache since 2005 to deal with problems arising during the evaluation process (data assimilation and analysis, physical modelling, propagation of uncertainties... ). This paper will present recent developments concerning the experimental corrections, which are required when a neutron resonance shape analysis is performed. Several experimental aspects are detailed in this work: - the possibility to use spectra in energy as well as in time, - the implementation of both analytical (Chi-Square) and Monte-Carlo resolution functions, - the sample homogeneity corrections using log-normal distributions. Each development aspect is illustrated with several examples and comparisons with other resonance analysis codes (SAMMY, REFIT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade face recognition has emerged as an active research area and template matching approaches have been widely used in this context. Normalized Cross-Correlation (NCC) is a measurement method normally utilized to compute the similarity between face templates and rectangular blocks of an input image in order to locate the face position. However, the NCC metric has always been criticized in locating faces especially images including illumination, scale, pose and shape variations. To address this problem, a novel template-matching techniques based on Chi-Square metric (CHI2) and Sum Square of Student's t-distribution metric (SST) are developed in this paper. When using Chi-Square metric; in order to locate the face exactly, the template size should have the same size as the face. For that we calculate p_value instead of chi-square metric for different sizes. This proposed concept can be implemented through considering both template and dynamic windows as probability density functions, so all pixel values are positive and their sum is equal to one. To expand the Sum Square of Student's t-distribution metric, we used the Central Limit Theorem and the fact that t-distribution square of freedom n-1 is a Fisher distribution of freedom 1 and n-1, the Sum Square t-distribution Normalized (SSTN) converges in distribution to standard normal distribution. Then we calculate SSTN for all dynamic windows to extract all suspected windows as faces corresponding to the location where the lower local minimums approach the global minimum. Using face datasets (Yale, MIT-CBCL, Caltech and BioID), extensive experiments are performed to verify the efficiency of the proposed techniques and to compare them with other techniques of face localization. The results show the superiority of our proposed approaches over other techniques in terms of accuracy of face localization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to create segments of the teenagers in the Romanian mobile phone market. Based on the literature we raised and answered this question: Is at useful to segment the mobile phone market in case of Romanian teenagers using the variables from the Technology Acceptance Model? In order to investigate the variables from the TAM model as possible segmentation variables, we used the SPSS statistical program performing the factor analysis to reduce the number of variables, cluster analysis for the segmentation, discriminant analysis, Chi-square test and ANOVA-test for the validation of the results. We found four factors accordingly to the simplified TAM model, and these compressed variables have defined four segments. Each segment can be characterized by a set of significant, mostly behavioral variables. An extensive set of findings that can be useful both for researchers and practitioners is provided afterwards and supplemented with implications and concluding remarks for both the academia and the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I view the research interests of sociologists as forming a cognitive structure of sociology. This research probes quantitative and qualitative aspects of research interests among American sociologists. Using a sample of sociology faculty members at Research I universities, I investigate some factors that influence the total number of research interests an American sociologist may have, and the number of interests that correspond with specialty areas provided by American Sociological Association (ASA, in the rest of this article). Such factors include individual attributes like academic rank, gender, and group attributes like departmental prestige. Because some faculty members in the sample share a department, the data structure contains variables both of individual level and group level. Both total number of interests and ASA-type interests have only non-negative integer values, so Poisson regression and Zero-Truncated Poisson are applied to the analysis of effects of the factors. Adopting clusters of sociologists' interests developed by James Ennis (1992), I also investigate if sociologists of different groups (academic rank, gender) have different research interestsâ?”this is more of qualitative aspects of research interests, I use chi-square tests to the independence of groups and clusters. I find that the research interests of male and female sociologists are not significantly different in number or in content areas that are measured by Ennis's interest clusters (1992). Full professors have fewer total number of research interests. Along with associate professors, they also have fewer number of ASA specialty-type research interests. Departmental prestige does not significantly influence the total number of interests, but it positively influences the number of ASA specialty-type interests. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work accident in Indonesia is high since there are 101,367 work accident case resulted 2,382 of deaths. Handling on accidents is very important to reduce the number of victims and losses. One of the stages of accident handling is the determination of accident handling status. Based on these reason, PT. Pertamina EP Asset 4 Field Cepu has implemented PEKA (Occupational Safety Observation) system as one of the tools to monitor and control the occurrence of work accident. Based on the database on the PEKA system, this paper discusses patterns of accident handling and identifies factors affecting occupational accidents using CHAID (Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection) and Log-Linear Models. Variables used in the study are Status (Completed, Uncompleted), Type (Unsafe Action, Unsafe Condition), Cause, Risk, Location, and Duration. CHAD method produces 11 (eleven) classifications and all variables affect the formation of classification. Classification has accuracy of 67.5%, sensitivity value of 95%, but the value on its specification is only equal to 16.6%, means that it is still low. Association analysis conducted using Log-Linear model suggested the result that there are three factor interaction that is Status*Duration*Risk and Status*Duration*Location. Status variables are heard directly by Duration, Risk and Location variables. The Type variable has no effect on the status variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify factors related to burnout among home visit nurses in Japan. A questionnaire survey of 1,423 home visit nurses. Items on the questionnaire were Individual factors, work environment, work-life balance, career commitment, communication skills, and burnout(MBIGS) score. Multiple regression analysis was performed using three subscales of burnout as objective variables. There were 559 valid responses (39.3%). A multiple regression analysis (stepwise) showed that the following factors were related to burnout. It was found that low career commitment, lack of work-life balance due to insufficient arrangements for an attractive working environment (difficulty in taking vacations), and poor communication skills are related to a higher likelihood of burnout among home visit nurses. It was also found that home visit nurses who feel the means of transportation to be a burden, who are 'poor at management including the schedule management (arrangement)', and who 'feel it a burden to visit terminally ill patients' have a higher likelihood of burnout. At the same time, home visit nurses who 'feel rewards at the nursing at patient homes' and who have the confidence to 'encourage patients (family) to use their abilities' have a lower likelihood of burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify factors related to burnout among home visit nurses in Japan. A questionnaire survey of 1,423 home visit nurses. Items on the questionnaire were Individual factors, work environment, work-life balance, career commitment, communication skills, and burnout(MBI-GS) score. Multiple regression analysis was performed using three subscales of burnout as objective variables. There were 559 valid responses (39.3%). A multiple regression analysis (stepwise) showed that the following factors were related to burnout. It was found that low career commitment, lack of work-life balance due to insufficient arrangements for an attractive working environment (difficulty in taking vacations), and poor communication skills are related to a higher likelihood of burnout among home visit nurses. It was also found that home visit nurses who feel the means of transportation to be a burden, who are 'poor at management including the schedule management (arrangement)', and who 'feel it a burden to visit terminally ill patients' have a higher likelihood of burnout. At the same time, home visit nurses who 'feel rewards at the nursing at patient homes' and who have the confidence to 'encourage patients (family) to use their abilities' have a lower likelihood ofburnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several prescribed preventive measures that have brought changes in mode choice patterns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is focused specifically on the distribution of the travelers' modal choice pattern amidst lockdown period in Dhaka city. A comprehensive questionnaire survey with the 224 responders (Male 34.8%, Female 65.2%) has been conducted and the participants chosen their modes based on five factors i.e., transmission risk, comfort, safety, cost effectiveness and timeliness. Additionally, their travel frequencies, ride sharing preferences and overall trip satisfactions have also been documented. The study performed a number of statistical tests including frequency distribution, chi square test etc. Also, accident statistics is incorporated to understand the relativity of modal choices with the accident frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the local authority in each city was implementing different approaches to limit the virus spread within the population. Jakarta, as the city with the most reported cases in Indonesia, reinforced the lockdown policy to limit the activities of its people. This regulation has been reported by news outlets as the main factor which improve the traffic condition in Jakarta during this period. The present study proposed a text mining approach to explore this phenomenon in the social media realm, especially Twitter. The tweets used in this study were gathered from the Jakarta police department's official Twitter account, @TMCPoldaMetro. This account regularly reports the traffic condition from several locations across Jakarta. The proposed method extracted the location and its traffic condition reported on the tweets. Then, the weighted scores, from zero to two, were calculated to quantify this traffic condition during the lockdown period (10th of April - 31st of December 2020). These scores are compared to the same period from the two previous years, as well as the previous period within the same year (1st January - 9th of April 2020). Firstly, a series of t-test was conducted to statistically measures the traffic condition differences in general. The result of this study indicates a significant traffic improvement during the lockdown period in overall reported locations. Furthermore, chi-squared tests were also performed to measure traffic improvement in each specific location. Surprisingly, several locations which considered as office district was reported no traffic improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia territory is an earthquake-prone area because it is located at the confluence of three major world plates, namely the Eurasian, Indo-Australian, and Pacific Plates. The causes many earthquakes that cause casualties and damage buildings. Lombok Island is one part of Indonesia's territory, prone to earthquakes. This study focused on determining the type of foreshock and aftershock earthquake distribution in 2018 on Lombok Island using descriptive statistical methods. Determination of the type of distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test approach and the Chi- Square test. The results of this study are expected to be used by the Regional Government of West Nusa Tenggara Province and Regency / City Governments on the Island of Lombok related to disaster mitigation and evaluation of regional spatial planning documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' academic success has always been the top priority and is believed to be one of the factors that will help in increasing students' employability. Soft skills are also known to be vital before entering the working world. There have been many studies that sought to investigate factors that influence graduate employability. This study aims to determine the impact of academic factors and soft skills on students' employability after they have graduated from university from two main sources, which are the Feedback on the Attributes of UMS Trainee Who Are Currently Undergoing Industrial Training for the year 2017 and the Graduates Tracer Study 2017 administered by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia. The population of the study is all the graduates in the year 2017 and a sample of 1028 students was obtained from the respondents that responded to the two matched main sources. Several tests such as the Chi Square test, Independent T-test, and Mann Whitney U test were employed for analyses to determine the relationships and differences between academic factors and soft skills towards graduate employability. The results show that there are no relationships between academic factors, qualification, and program of study. There seem to be a mean difference between academic factors, such as entry and final CGPA, PPIB results and SPM English results towards employability status of graduates. However, as for soft skills (i.e. knowledge, technical skills, ICT skills, problem solving, communication skills, teamwork, leadership, professionalism and ethics), the results show that only ICT skill is statistically significant towards graduate employability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 outbreak has unpredictably disrupted the operations of numerous museums. Museum visitor experience has a physical, personal, and social context, which are not achievable during the pandemic. Despite the depreciation during the Circuit Breaker period, the disruption also presents an opportunity for local museums to develop new strategies of audience engagement to accommodate the altered audience behavior. This exploratory study analyses data from six Singapore-based museums to understand the visitorship patterns across different ages and genders. The impact of COVID-19 is also analysed. Using R-studio and relevant packages, we conducted statistical tests such as hypothesis testing, Chi-square testing and regression. It was concluded that overall, museums attracted a younger demographic compared to the general Singapore population, and male visitors were more likely to visit more than once. Furthermore, the average number of visitors in the second half of 2020, after a nation-wide COVID-19 stay-home order, was found to be statistically greater than the average number of visitors before. An interactive R Shiny app was also designed to allow users to explore the visitor profile of each museum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to assess medical students' use of decision-support medical apps and evaluate their perception of app use. A cross-sectional multi-center observational study was conducted among medical students with and without a medical informatics course as part of their undergraduate medical curriculum. We assessed trust, perceptions, patient impression, reliability, and comfort using an online survey. A total of 439 responses were received. There were significant differences between the two groups when indicating which apps, they trust. Students agreed that using apps enhanced knowledge (91%), saved time (88%), improved patient care (85%), and increased diagnostic accuracy (82%). Students indicated that patients would think that students didn't know what they were doing (63%) or students were fresh out of training (53%) when using apps in the presence of patients. Incorporating medical app usage as part of learning may increase trust and comfort with using medical apps in medical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors attempted to evaluate design of leaning units with use of Learning Analytics technique on page flip information. Traditional formative assessment has been carried out by giving assignments and evaluating their results. However, the information that teacher can get from the evaluation is limited and coarse-grained. The authors set a research question that whether one can evaluate relation between learning objectives of learning units and the learners’ actual activities in the units from page flip histories. The experimental result showed that the intensity of relation between the assignments and learning materials were different for each unit. Quantitatively, the correlation coefficients between “p-value of chi-square tests between range of page flip count and grade of assignment” and “proportion of number of questions in an assessment with reference page” was -0.889. With use of this relation, the authors attempted to evaluate design of units, and found out that the thing that may be critical to get high grade in an assignment of a certain unit was how many times they refer to their text book, though this assignment was designed for assessment of learners’ skills to use or apply the learned knowledge. If teacher can get such suggestion as feedback, it is possible to utilize for formative assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generalized hyperbolic random field(GHRF) has been defined by Alodat and Mansour (2007). The GHRF generalizes many random fields such as the Gaussian, the student and the chi-squarc random fields. In this paper we derive closed formulas for the expectation of the Euler characteristic of its excursion set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information Technology (IT) plays a key role in internal control system in various organizations in terms of maintaining records and other internal services. Internal control system is defined as an efficient control procedures set up by firm to safeguard resources and to assure the reliability and accuracy of both financial and non-financial records in line with applicable governance and procedure to acquire the established goal and objectives. This paper focuses on the impact of IT on internal control system in the Nigerian universities. Data are collected from three different universities via questionnaire. Descriptive statistics is used to analyze the data; Chi-square is performed to test the hypothesis. The results of the hypothesis showed that IT has a positive relationship with the effective internal control activities in the University system. It is concluded that the adoption of IT will significantly improve the effectiveness of the internal control system operations in the University in terms of quality service delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every event of life is an act of action. To take any action, one must make a decision. This is the main crux of the Research. In today's world, humans' decision is based on two aspects: Cognitive Decision Making and Artificial Intelligence Decision Making. The proposed research studies about these mentioned Decision-Making Processes. The main objective of the research is to evaluate how an individual takes a decision, i.e., do they consider their own Self- Belief and Gut Feelings or do they consider a recommendation from an Expert System. To achieve the goal, a survey was conducted in the form of a questionnaire. The questionnaire has 16 questions. These questions are statements of decision- making that contain questions dealing with the Cognitive Decision Making Process and Artificial Intelligence Decision Making Process. A sample size of 257 responses was selected randomly. Data were analyzed for each question, and the result was put forward. It was observed that the majority of the people are inclined to making Decisions based on their Self-Belief and Gut Feeling. To analyze how people make a decision, individuals were generalized into gender. Two variables were formed: Gender and Decisions Taken. A hypothesis test using the Chi-Square test of Independence was conducted in order to understand the association of these two variables. A result was formed which showed the majority of the decisions rejected the Null hypothesis, i.e., there is no association between Gender and how Decisions are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is rapidly spreading over the world, resulting in a global health crisis. SARS-COV-2 is the pathogen of COVID-19, and prior research has suggested a link between the ABO blood group and coronavirus. The goal of this study is to look at the link between the ABO blood group and COVID-19 infection, severity, and death. Through detection of detect the association between blood group and (age and Gender) in COVID-19 infected. The 375 samples from many Hospital and Health center in Iraq- Wasit, Erbil, Kirkuk, and Sulaimani applied to determine the results of the present study included: Descriptive statistical data analysis :(Frequency, Percentage, Mean, and Mode and stander deviation) and inferential data analysis: Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA (F-Test). A result of this study shows that, there was a statistically significant association between Blood groups in age (p=0.01). Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant association between A, B, AB, and O) Blood Groups in related gender (p=0.19) which was more than the stander alpha of 0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Family businesses are an essential element in improving living standards, especially in developing countries in Africa. But unless they are defined as a unique form of business it is not possible to create support for them.Universities can be considered key players in this issue. Based on the scientific outputs, family businesses could become acknowledged by a government organization. The aim of this study is therefore to identify the way in which the issue of family businesses is perceived by representatives of African universitiesand whether there is a relationship between this perception and financial supportfor them. Methodology: The questionnaire survey was conducted at 38 faculties of economics at African universities, those faculties being chosen at random. The population numbered 481 faculties of economics. Chi-square tests of independence were used to analyse the questionnaire results. Results: Dependency was found between whether family businesses in a particular country are deemed by scientists at African faculties of economics to be a specific form of business undertaking and whether the respondents considerfamily businesses to have sufficient support in tertiary education. It was also found that in those countries in which a family business is deemed by scientists to be a unique form of business undertaking, such businesses are more frequently provided with financial support by the government. More than 97 % ofrespondents think it desirable to also consider family businesses from the perspective of scientific research. Originality: The study provides novel insights into the education about familybusiness in the frame of tertiary economic education across the Africa regionand from the scientist point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Color has become a major consideration in ergonomics. Color conveys a message and it is an important element in safety signs. The importance of colors usage in safety sign designs makes the colors research into one of the things that must be done before designing them. So far, research in the related field only focused on the adult’s perspective without involving children’s perspective in designing the safety signs. This paper aims to find out how children’s perception towards colors affects the safety sign designs. This study consist of eight sections which are literature study, direct observation, determining referents and other parameters, determining research respondents, making the booklet, assessing the colors preferences, determining the design’s parameter value and creating the safety sign designs. Limitation of the research are the objects are the students with the age of 10 – 11 years old in Grade IV and then the research is conducted in the school day and hours that apply to the school. Chi square test and odds ratio are employed to assess the colors preferences. Twelve safety sign designs are proposed by considering the children’s colors perception. The designs are grouped into three types of sign which are Mandatory Action Sign, Warning Sign and Prohibition Sign. Six colors are used to draw the safety signs i.e. red, orange, yellow, green, blue and black. On the basis of the study, it is concluded that the colors that often appears in safety signs is green with the percentage of 75% and that rarely appears is red with the percentage of 8.33%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Instructors have offered innovative methods to ease math anxiety in criminal justice methods and statistics courses, some pedagogical and some technological: analogy, simulation, java applets, and computer spreadsheets. This paper examines the use of color-coded visual aids to explain chi-square to undergraduates enrolled in a methods course. Students, especially those preferring a visual learning style, are hypothesized to better with a visual presentation of statistics. An Excel spreadsheet and Flash MX tutorials, using the same visual cues as the lecture, was delivered via the web to assist in homework assignments. Two sections of research methods in criminal justice were given the same material: the control group received the standard lecture with mathematical formula and examples; the experimental section received the same lecture but with added visual cues. Both sections of methods were evaluated on preferred learning style, attitude toward learning statistics, and a skills test. The results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Confirmatory factor analytic tests of measurement invariance based on the chi-square statistic are known to be sensitive to sample size. In this study, we investigated the performance of alternative fit indices. Our results suggest McDonald's NCI, CFI, and Gamma-hat can be effective indicators of a lack of measurement invariance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The participation of students in the MBKM program implemented, especially at the Narotama University Surabaya Campus, cannot be separated from students' perceptions of the benefits that can be obtained by participating in MBKM activities. The perception of these benefits certainly cannot be separated from students' knowledge of the MBKM program itself. This study aims to determine the effect of knowledge on students' perceptions of the benefits of MBKM activities. The research data was used using the MBKM evaluation instrument made by Dikti. Respondents in this study were all students at the Faculty of Economics and Business. The number of respondents who filled out the questionnaire was 549 people. The data that has been collected were analyzed using frequency distribution analysis, cross-tabulation, and chi-square. The result showed that in general, the level of student knowledge of the MBKM program has an impact on students' perceptions of the benefits of the MBKM program. The better the level of students' knowledge of the MBKM program, the better students' perceptions of the benefits of the MBKM program. For this reason, Narotama University Surabaya, Indonesia needs to continue to disseminate information to students regarding the MBKM policy implemented on campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]