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This paper aims to demonstrate the causal relationship between the new Global Supply Chain Pressure Index (GSCPI) and the inflationary movements occurring at the global level. The primary focus of this research is to identify patterns and correlations that emerge between these two economic indicators, thereby attempting to mitigate the effects of inflation by analysing indices directly related to global merchandise traffic. Therefore, the terms and concepts used are clarified in the first section within a broader framework, to underscore their relevance within the scope of the paper, as well as to facilitate their further exploration for a more profound comprehension of subsequent scientific and specialized references. The second section provides a brief overview of scientific works on this topic, which have served as the scientific foundation and have prompted us to undertake our study to contribute to the body of scientific knowledge on this relatively underexplored subject, given that the GSCPI is a concept that emerged only in May of the year 2022. Furthermore, in the second section, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to discern trends concerning global supply chains and global inflation, as well as the correlation between them. The result is to provide a deeper understanding of the novel concepts and the prospective utilization of GSCPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of the indicators that have been used to measure industrial sustainability. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore indicators published in peer-reviewed articles that are relevant to industrial sustainability performance measurement. A total of 1013 indicators were identified and analyzed: 277 for economic, 402 for environmental and 334 for social dimensions of industrial sustainability. The majority of the indicators were used only once, implying a lack of consistency and consensus on their application for measuring industrial sustainability, and invites an ongoing debate on how sustainability should be measured in different industry contexts. On the other hand, few indicators such as profit, research and development expenditure, product quality, revenue, material cost, labor cost, water consumption, energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, material consumption, employment/job opportunity, employee turnover and work-related injuries were consistent and frequently used for measuring industrial sustainability. The consistent indicators have been used to measure industrial sustainability performance associated with financial benefits, costs, market competitiveness, resources, emissions, wastes, employees, customers, and the community. This paper provides a comprehensive view of indicators considering the triple bottom line dimensions of sustainability. It will contribute to future academic and practitioner work on the measurement of industrial sustainability performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars foresee the relevance of local custom compliance with the environment as a source of competitive advantage for hotels. The relationship between the environmental proactivity of hotels located in the provinces of local custom compliant and their economic performance levels has been studied. The paper analyses the current issues and challenges of business survival and presently halal tourism. The movement business sees the generation of energy for the halal movement businesses both from the point of view of industry and policy makers. The Halal movement business can be summed up by actions that are sensible to use or participate in the movement business as demonstrated by Islamic exercises. In this way, the achievement and advancement of halal's business movement objective must be guided by the establishment of Islamic exercises and guidelines in all parts of the business operations. This paper suggests that the possibility of hoteliers to utilize their business components to fit into requirement of local custom compliance. In addition, the odds and difficulties of making and advancing halal business operation has been impetus to their survivability are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main development directions in modern power engineering industries are related to increasing the output power and improving the economic and ecological performance of the engine. The group of pistons inside the engine highly affects the reliability of the reciprocating engine and its power and economic performance. This paper presents a mathematical model developed by the authors to calculate the hydrodynamic characteristics of the oil layer, taking into account the transverse motion of a two-piece piston, piston skirt deformations and variable viscosity of the lubricant in the interface. The conducted research is aimed at developing a piston design that will provide liquid friction in the piston skirt-cylinder junction during the entire operation cycle. Particular attention is paid to the evaluation of the accuracy of the obtained results. The results of the study of the computational mesh size in the numerical solution of the elastic-hydrodynamic problem on the accuracy of calculation of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the oil layer in the piston skirt-cylinder junction considering the piston skirt deformations are presented. This paper provides an example on studying the influence of the piston skirt profile on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the oil layer and the lateral movement of the piston skirt. The calculations were carried out using program codes developed by the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of green supply chain arose from the successful execution of production activities while taking care of the environment. The subject of this paper refers to describing activities within chain in specific segments in order to examine the ways in which satisfactory financial performances can still be achieved in combination with environmental performances. The aim of this paper is to identify the business implications of the correlation between green supply chain, environmental, ecological and economic performances. Therefore, purpose of this paper is to give comprehensive overview of green supply chain management and theirs main parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of data simulation for managing digital projects of information audit of enterprise processes. Based on the study of the main business processes of the enterprise, key indicators of the IT-audit are determined. The mathematical formulation of the task of conducting the IT-audit is presented. The system dynamics method is applied to model key indicators of IT-audit of business processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper determines the influence of the permissible injection advance angle on the economic and ecological indicators of automotive diesel engines in operation. A series of bench motor tests was performed on the engine to examine a case of altered injection advance angle under the conditions of constant injected fuel quantity and constant speed, and, on that account, a constant air-fuel ratio. Many engine parameters were measured during the test. Based on the results obtained for each mode of operation, the indicator and effective engine parameters have been calculated, as well as those characterizing the process of combustion. The development of the combustion process is illustrated by the diagrams of the instantaneous in-cylinder pressure, the rate of active heat release and the instantaneous amount of active heat released in two characteristic modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that many manufacturers incorporate refurbishing into current business strategies, it is worth noting that these endeavors are typically accompanied by a critical interest in refurbished items cannibalizing new ones. Several manufacturers have implemented a "two-roof policy" to address this issue, in which new and refurbished items are marketed in separate locations. In contrast, certain manufacturers have a "one-roof policy", where both products are marketed via a single channel or chain. The purpose of this paper is to explore the issue of how differentiated roof policies affect refurbishing operations in terms of sustainability issues by developing two models whereby manufacturers can market refurbished and brand-new products under a two (Model D) or one roof policy (Model S). The main conclusion is that if manufacturers are committed to environmental sustainability, offering both items under one roof is wise. For companies worried about economic performance, a two-roof policy is advocated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper was focusing on the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the agriculture sector on the growth rate of the selected African countries. Nigeria, Egypt, South Africa, Algeria and Morocco have been selected by the researcher in this study. The researcher selected this country due their highest contribution on growth rate (GDP) among the African countries. To see the relationship between foreign direct investment in the agriculture sector, employment rate, capital and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the country with higher amount of GDP is more suitable to analyse. It is because of high sensitivity between this variable. The writer focus on African region because of the various economic problem that happened within this region. At the end of this research, the researcher hope that the result will be help the government and the other investors to improve economic performance of this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the shortage of phosphorus fertilizers, hydrochloric acid processing of phosphorites of the Central Kyzylkum (CK) by the method of separating the insoluble residue (i.r) is of great importance for the production of fertilizer precipitate. The use of the chemical energy of this acid to produce precipitate will improve the technical and economic indicators of the processes of obtaining chlorine-free fertilizers. Fertilizer precipitate can be produced from the phosphate waste of thermal enrichment of CK phosphorites and hydrochloric acid. Taking into account phosphate fertilizers' drawbacks can be solved and expanding the range of mineral fertilizers. In addition, the study of the elemental and salt composition of insoluble residues makes it possible to determine the area of its application. The paper describes the study of the separation process of insoluble residue and the establishment of their elemental and salt composition by modern physicochemical methods. For washing the insoluble residue, water was taken in the ratio of phosphate raw materials: H2O=1.0: 0.1; 1.0 : 0.2; 1.0 : 0.3; 1.0 : 0.4; 1.0 : 0.5; 1.0 : 0.6 at a water temperature of 80-90°C. According to the analysis results, an insoluble residue of the following composition was obtained: P2O5total. - 5.05-7.80%; CaOtotal - 11.86-16.25; SiO2 - 44.28-48.60%; Cl - 2.55-4.25%; Al2O3 - 6.32-7.16%; Fe2O3 - 5.26-6.01%; SO3 -7.15-8.61% from the mineralized mass (MM) and P2O5total. - 4.78-7.38%; CaOtotal -12.51-17.15; SiO2 - 43.57-46.52%; Cl - 2.71-4.48%; Al2O3 - 4.95-5.61%; Fe2O3 - 3.66-4.18%; SO3 -4.93-5.94% from phosphorite powder (PhP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues of increasing the socio-economic efficiency of industrial real estate reproduction based on the industrial parks construction as a top-priority segment of the national industrial construction market responsible for the sustainable development of the Russian economy based on the priority implementation of the eco-industrial development concept are investigated. The relevance of this field of research is determined by the significant demand for improved use of global trends in sustainable development, green construction and environmental development applied to modern forms of industrial construction i.e., the industrial parks, in the course of construction, reconstruction or modernization of competitive industrial real estate. The purpose of the study is to elaborate methodological approaches and practical recommendations for structuring efficient industrial eco-development models as investment and construction systems for efficient management of multi-format industrial real estate facilities' reproduction in the course of industrial parks construction within the framework of public-private partnership models. The study focus is on industrial construction systems as industrial eco-development structures responsible for investment projects management in industrial parks at all stages of the life cycle of operation. The scientific results given in this paper: the peculiarities of the industrial parks' market formation and growth in Russia and abroad, as well as the analysis of organizational impact methods related to the state priorities of the national formation and development of industrial parks; the experience of global and domestic implementation of the sustainable development, green construction and eco-development concepts in relation to the industrial parks' construction; the author's functional and structural modeling of industrial and construction systems as institutions of industrial ecodevelopment of industrial parks, as well as the determination of the life cycle sustainability integral indicators in these ecodevelopment models; graphical interpretation of the predicted ecodevelopment sustainability indicators as the economic reliability of the life cycle functioning of industrial construction in relation to the industrial park "Severny Almaz" in the East Siberian region at the early stages of its planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays is mandatory to have at least a basic ICT education in order to perform adequately at your workplace. In this paper we have analyzed the situation of the employed persons with ICT education in EU countries enterprises. The ICT education statistics are part of the ICT training domain, which is one of the domains in the wider concept of Digital skills. ICT education indicators are based on the EU Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) microdata [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of calculating the reliability of switchgear schemes using an improved model of reliability of circuit breakers. An additional impact of the installation location of circuit breakers in switchgears for technical and economic indicators of these schemes is analyzed. Conclusions about the effect of circuit breakers and their functional purpose on the reliability of switchgear schemes are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the evolution over time of the trade with meat and organs, in Romania, important foods for a balanced diet. Statistical data indicate that, although Romania has large productions, it is deficient in terms of ensuring meat consumption, especially with pork, which occupies the first position on the list of imports of agri-food products. The analysis was carried out with the help of statistical indicators: the evolution of imports and exports for the period 2010-2020 and the trade balance. The conclusions resulting from this work underline the importance of the livestock sector development, constituting an essential element for ensuring food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic dimension of the agricultural farm is intensively studied both by agricultural specialists, who usually want farms as large as possible, but also by agrarian economists who measure the profitability of the factors involved in obtaining agricultural production at the scale of the economic dimension. In addition to established technicaleconomic indicators, such as: gross product, profitability, labor productivity, which show the overall efficiency of the factors, specific indicators are also used that show the separate efficiency of the factors through the marginal profitability, calculated with the help of elasticity coefficients. The paper used data provided by FADN-Eurostat, to calculate the elasticity of the capital and labor force, consumed in the agricultural holding, for the period 2007-2020, calculating the Cobb-Douglas production function. The coefficients of elasticity were calculated and compared for the six classes of economic size of the agricultural holding, from the South Muntenia Development Region, in order to draw conclusions regarding the profitability on capital and labor force, at the scale level. The authors aim to continue their studies with the analysis of elasticity coefficients at the level of the development regions of our country and their comparison with similar indicators from farms at the level of some regions of the European Union countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the solution to the problem of developing a digital twin of a business process. The apparatus of GERT networks are used to predict the parameters. BPMS ELMA was used as a technological platform for the solution. The prototype allows you to forecast any additive indicator of the business process model - duration, cost, labor intensity. The parameters of the predictive GERT model were updated based on the data of the digital trace of the business process collected in ELMA BPMS databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of the NRNP in our country has become a prerogative for companies wishing to plan their production processes with a view to the circular economy, in order to achieve the decarbonization inside economy. The case study proposed here investigates the current events of the Environmental Energy Plan envisaged in the Sicily region, and then focuses on an experimental project born in Sicily, focusing, in particular, on the potential of geothermal energy that can be exploited by the volcano Marsili. It is a volcanic layer composed of 80 minor eruptive centers, located in the subsoil of the Mediterranean, near the Sicilian coasts. The contribution of this paper is the analysis of the technicaleconomic feasibility of the project and the technological innovations involved, evaluating the costs and hypothetical future revenues, inherent in the installation, maintenance and properties related to the production of geothermal renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an automated mathematical algorithm is proposed for assessment and evaluation of some of the Bulgarian financial and economic indicators. In order to achieve it, we consider the respective indicators of the most influential European Union members. We have employed the harmonized index of consumer prices, business climate indicator, gross domestic product at current market prices and EMU convergence criterion. (S)ARIMAX and NARXNN time series analysis tools are applied to model and forecast the future indicator values. The data is gathered from Eurostat (European Statistics Office). A robust and easy-to-implement algorithm for automated prediction is suggested and a detailed explanation about the design of the steps is given. The forecasted values are justified and an interpretation is provided for their economic significance. The paper is concluded with important remarks for the future development of the economic and financial environment of the Republic of Bulgaria as a member state of the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to empirically select and prioritize suitable sustainability indicators for measuring and managing sustainability performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To achieve this objective, we applied a comprehensive methodological approach, which includes (1) conducting a systematic review to identify potential sustainability indicators in the literature, (2) designing a questionnaire based on the identified indicators, (3) pre-testing (pilot testing) of the questionnaire with selected industry experts, scholars, and researchers to further refine the indicators prior to data collection from the Italian footwear SMEs, and (4) selecting and prioritizing the final indicators using fuzzy Delphi method. The findings of the present paper show that the selected indicators emphasized measuring industrial sustainability performance related to financial benefits, costs, and market competitiveness for the economic sustainability dimension; resources for the environmental sustainability dimension; and customers, employees, and the community for the social sustainability dimension. The paper provides sustainability indicators considering the triple bottom line approach. The results of the present paper have significant academic, practical, and policy implications for measuring and managing industrial sustainability performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing complexity of international supply chains, the rise of consumer power and technological development have all brought about a clear change in the position and role of supply chain members. The port as a key factor in these international supply chains has been largely influenced by certain movements, including increased cooperation, mergers and integrations. In this context, the Supply Chain Management organization appears to be an essential lever to improve the performance of ports. However, despite the increasing attention given to the study of port logistics chains, the contributions remain modest compared to those observed in other sectors, notably the automotive and aeronautical industries. Most of the research on performance measures of port logistics chains actually focuses on measures of the internal performance of a terminal port. Indeed, the lack of consensus on the definition of Supply Chain Management (SCM) and the complexity of the relationships between supply chain agents in general and the port supply chain in particular make it difficult to study the performance of the port supply chain. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the study of the influence of the SCM organization on the performance of the port supply chain and on the elements of a tool for measuring the performance of port networks. This paper approaches port supply chain performance from a multidimensional view, integrating a financial dimension, a commercial dimension, an internal process, and learning and innovation. This article also has the advantage of integrating the perspectives of the different stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the world has had different challenges and needs to analyze and track trends in regional economies. This paper examines economic indicators leading to spatial differentiation within macro-regions for the case of both Bulgaria and Russia as countries that have similar conditions on some key indicators of regional development. The analysis period is long - 20 years in order to be able to derive more specific trends in the behavior of production activity. Data on regional gross domestic product, population, foreign direct investment and employment were used as a basis, treating the sectoral and spatial variation within local emerging markets. Hirschman-Herfindahl index is calculated to highlight leading economic activities in different regions for an explanation of ongoing trends nature and an assessment of diversification degree of the spatial distribution of economic activities. We find using the multivariate OLS model that diversification in construction has a stronger influence on regional growth than diversification of the total amount of all investments in all sectors of resourse region. We concluded that foreign direct investment in the regional economies of Bulgaria and the Siberian macro-region would contribute to infrastructural development, which we will investigate later in our next joint works. The guidelines in the differences that are derived are of particular importance in the planning of regional policies and preparation of strategic documents and predetermine the need to analyze regional economies periodically and systematically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to modern standards, combined cycle plants are required to participate in the primary frequency control of energy systems with the possibility of gaining up to 10 % of the rated capacity of the power unit at any time at the system operator request, which necessitates a limited operation of combined cycle plants. The paper considers the issue of reducing the economic performance of combined cycle plants under conditions of participation in the primary frequency control of energy systems. Two options for operating combined cycle gas plants under these conditions are given: controlling the power of a power unit by changing a load of gas turbines only with variable-pressure steam turbine operation and acting on the steam turbine control valves only with gas turbines operating under design conditions. The Cumulative Net Present Value, the Profitability Index, and the Discounted Payback Period have been determined under the given conditions depending on the fuel cost on an example of the power unit of combined cycle plants-325. It is shown that when the combined cycle plants participate in the primary frequency control of energy systems, economic indicators deteriorate significantly for any of the power unit operation options considered. Based on the study results, linear equations have been obtained by approximation, describing the dependence of the Cumulative Net Present Value on the fuel cost for the options considered. By solving the system of these linear equations, the fuel cost has been determined, at which one or another operation mode becomes the most economically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of leading indicators for improving the level of safety culture in an organization. For this purpose, the analysis of scientific literature has been carried out. The characteristics of the lagging safety indicators are given. The definition of leading indicators is given. The main safety leading indicators that have a direct impact on the level of safety culture are highlighted. At the same time, one of the important preventive indicators that take into account the influence of the human factor on the level of safety culture is highlighted - competence. A characteristic is given for each of the identified indicators of safety culture. Among the most important indicators, according to a review of the scientific literature, are management commitment and staff engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The link between economic performance and energy efficiency is a continuing debate. This paper investigates the long-term equilibrium and causal relationship between energy efficiency and GDP per capita in East African countries for the period between 1990 and 2021. The analysis of EAC countries do not provide clear evidence of convergence in the sense that poor economies tend to grow faster than rich ones in per capita terms. The co-integration test indicates a long-run equilibrium relationship between GDP and energy intensity. In particular, the result based on Johansen shows that the energy intensity level of primary energy and GDP per capita are co-integrated in Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda while the co-integration based on Pedroni occurs in Burundi and Rwanda. The Granger causality shows that there is a unidirectional relation running from GDP to primary energy use in all countries except Kenya. South Sudan is observed to have a bidirectional relationship between variables. Finally, we find that the long-run coefficient of GDP per capita is negative and significant, indicating a change in trend of energy intensity. The results suggest that economic growth in EAC countries can be supported by promoting growth in productivity of the energy industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western Balkan countries have been facing an economic crisis for a long time, and overcoming it requires comprehensive reforms. One of the most important measures is the one aimed at increasing innovation as one of the key drivers of future growth and development in these economies. Without these changes, the Western Balkan economies will be unable to improve their competitiveness on the global market and move closer to EU member states. With the importance of improving innovation for these economies, this paper examines their innovation using the most recent Global Innovation Index report (GII). Key aspects for improving these countries' innovation in the future have been identified based on an analysis of scores for inputs and outputs of innovations and appropriate indicators of economic development. These economies should pay special attention to these aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intense competitive pressures in the global market force economies worldwide to struggle to strengthen their competitive position. Many economies drastically weakened their development potentials and produced a lot of social problems by focusing solely on economic performances. Such a strategy produces some short-term effects but degrades the competitive position in the long run due to a disregard for the environmental and social dimensions of development. As a result, the concept of sustainable competitiveness has grown in importance over time. Given the importance of ensuring sustainable competitiveness, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper uses cluster analysis and independent sample t-test to examine differences in European economies' levels of sustainable competitiveness based on the Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index data for 2020. The research findings point out considerable differences among the observed economies in the criteria covered by the Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of nonlinear effect of monetary and fiscal policies on economic performance have intensively discussed and debated among policy makers. In particular, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of monetary versus fiscal policies on GDP growth. The study is based on time series data for the period of 1981Q1-2018Q1. The results reveal that GDP lag two term is a transition parameter of AR(1) and has significance effect on economic growth. Comparing policies, monetary policy where real effective exchange rate is able to stimulate higher growth but the fiscal policy through government spending, government debt and current imbalances fail to lead to higher GDP growth. Overall, we can conclude that monetary policy through exchange rate is more effective to promote growth compared to fiscal policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the method of rational development of complex software systems in modern conditions of innovation activity within the framework of implemented startups that require the creation of effective software systems with specified characteristics and planned resources. The creation of such software systems determines the success of the proposed startup and requires a new, formalized approach to their development. To describe the proposed approach to the development of software systems, the method of multivariate synthesis is used, followed by an assessment of the generated variants of the system architecture for compliance with functional requirements, taking into account the resource constraints on the development of the system. In this case, the process of building a software package is represented as a design route consisting of a sequence of tasks of multi-criteria selection, and the result of each choice affects the trajectory of the subsequent development of the system. In total, four tasks of structural synthesis of software systems are formulated, the consistent solution of which will lead to the creation of a system with optimal technical and economic indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of experimental studies on load characteristics (3000 rpm) of a two-stroke engine 1D 8.7 / 8.2 with spark ignition, crankcase scavenging, air cooling, and direct fuel injection have been considered in the paper. Changing the design of the combustion chamber and spray nozzle allowed accomplishing different patterns of fuel and air charge formation. Forming lean fuel-air mixture (1.5>λcyl>1.0) is carried out at fixed composition in the clearance volume. Forming rich fuel-air mixture (1.0>λ>0.8) in the spark plug area with the air at λcyl<5 near the clearance volume walls enables the generation of a stratified fuel-air charge. Forming lean fuel-air mixture (1.5>λ>1.0) in the spark plug area with the air λcyl<5 near the clearance volume walls enables the generation of a stratified lean fuel-air charge. It has been revealed that generating the stratified lean fuel-air charge allows a reduction of fuel consumption by 16–27 % and a decrease in CO and CH emissions with exhaust gases up to 14 times in comparison with the generation of lean fuel-air charge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regional head elections in Indonesia, which is the subject of this research, are a contest between two candidates: the incumbent and the challenger. This study focuses on the incumbent since they have two main motives: a social motivation to maximize the level of satisfaction of the people in their area and a political motive to keep the government in power during the regional head elections. Because the incumbent is serving a two-year term, they must analyze the acts made in terms of both time and potential limits. There are observable and unobservable variables to consider while evaluating the incumbent's performance. This paper aims to examine how regional economic performance as an observable variable, because it affects the political sustainability of incumbents in maintaining their power. To win the regional head election, incumbents must identify economic factors that can raise the number of votes. The economic growth variable considerably boosts people's willingness to vote for the incumbent. Incumbents must anticipate and consider economic variables like unemployment and the Gini coefficient, which can potentially diminish their vote numbers. To create widespread sympathy for the incumbent in the election campaign, incumbents must pay attention to the poor and empathize with them. People want a peaceful election that does not generate conflict. Thus they should consider forming a coalition of supporting parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Albania has recently faced the phenomenon of migration, which has become a major problem even for current politics. In the last 10 years, the population of Albania, and especially that of the mountainous areas, has been significantly reduced. Based on INSTAT data the net migration level is -32,823 which a significant figure in comparison with the population is. Net migration in 2021 is 2.2 times greater compared to 2017. During a study work carried out to measure the impact of microcredit on the social economic indicator of rural areas in Shkoder (northwest of Albania), we notice that in this area with significant natural resources people cannot use them due to a lack of liquidity. The unemployment rate is also too high in this region, so they see emigration as the only alternative to improve their livelihood. In this paper, we aim to analyze what is the effect of microcredit on curbing migration in the short term and to indicate measures needed in this case from the government or other actors. Two groups (borrowers, not borrowers) are interviewed, and using the z-test we are going to compare their opinion on their possible migration to reach a conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is experiencing an unprecedented crisis that is causing chaos in the global economy, disrupting supply chains, and transforming society. The new reality is accelerating business model transformation at a faster pace than ever before to ensure existential survival in a crisis for which no one was prepared. The aim of the study is to identify the variations of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic over the EU South-East Countries, i.e., Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia, and Slovenia. We focus on finding dependencies among some economic indicators, measures, and results. Empirical data collected from International quantitative studies conducted by various organizations are the arrays on which secondary data processing was performed. For this investigation, several information arrays have been selected. Eurostat and Eurobarometer data, Portal of the European Commission for COVID-19 data sharing were used for the evaluation of the pandemic overall impact during the period under review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently ensemble models have been proposed for credit scoring applications to alleviate the negative impact of imbalanced class data that can cause deterioration in prediction performance. Ensemble model have shown promising results in terms of model accuracy in previous studies. However, rather than model accuracy, the ultimate interest in credit scoring is to minimize the financial losses that can be more precisely quantified using total misclassification cost (TMC). Despite TMC is thought to be an effective indicator to assess the financial losses in credit scoring, unfortunately, TMC has yet been adequately studied for imbalanced credit data. This paper investigates the performance of several representative ensemble models over the imbalanced data using TMC as a model assessment tool. In addition, due to the fact that the bank is highly conservative in using new credit scoring models, we employ the LIME technique to interpret the best-selected ensemble model and provide some understanding of the predicted results. The finding shows that the ensemble model, particularly the bagging model, can provide a minimum TMC and higher discriminality power for imbalanced class data compared to the benchmark models (i.e. single classifier). Furthermore, LIME offers a reasonable interpretation of the prediction based on higher R2 value produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research opens avenue to analyze relations between organizational culture and quality tools and methodologies dimensions, which are predictors of business performance. Evidently, more research on connection between culture, quality and performance in the supply chain is needed. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is an analysis of interdependence between organizational culture and quality improvement dimensions in supply chain network, which is done by testing the differences between dimensions and types of organizational cultures and applied procedures for quality improvement techniques on production and suppliers' sites in 32 countries worldwide. Data collection is conducted on 200 production enterprises in multinational supply chain. There were found significant differences in the organizational cultures present and in quality tools and methodologies application in single company manufacturers' and its suppliers' sites. Also, this survey statistically proves that level of formalization is not the same in manner that it grows as time is passing, while other organizational culture and quality improvement dimensions have not changed. Further research focus should be directed to survey extension into business performance indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy is defined as the capacity to perform work, which can take the form of heat, light, mechanics, chemistry, or electromagnetics, according to the first paragraph of Article 1 of the New & Renewable Energy (NRE) Act mentioned that all forms of energy that are obtained from or created by new technologies of processing nonrenewable sources of energy and renewable energy sources are collectively referred to as "new energy." Examples of new energy sources include nuclear, hydrogen, methane gas, coal, molten coal, and carbonated coal. Power that comes from renewable sources is referred to as renewable power. The concept of "new technology" is ingrained within the meaning of "new energy." To put it another way, new energy is a form of energy that has never been utilised before, and it is an energy that is generated by technological means. Renewable energy sources are sources of energy that are produced from sustainable energy resources if they are correctly managed. Examples of renewable energy sources include earth heat, wind, bioenergy, sunshine, flow, and watershed, in addition to the movement and temperature differential of the sea layer. (Law). A source of energy known as renewable new energy (NRE) or renewable energy is one that derives its power from natural resources and is able to generate more energy than is used up in the process of extraction. This mature age, the growth of technology, and the change in the way that humans make use of energy has resulted in a more wide range of possibilities. This is because people have become more aware of the negative effects on the environment that are caused by the usage of non-renewable energy sources like fossil fuels. PT First Hulu Energy has and is in the process of conducting community development programs with the goal of increasing the use of these new renewable energies in the area in which they work. Currently participating in one of these schemes called WASTECO, which stands for Waste to Energy for Community through a complex network of obstructions. After that, the community usesthis methane gas as an alternative to LPG gas for cooking, and UMKM uses it as a source of energy for their production business. Additionally, the gas is used by the community as a replacement for liquified petroleum gas. One of the economic indicators that was impacted as a result of the execution of the WASTECO program was a reduction of Rupiahs 272.6 million per year in home cooking costs. NRE Program that is being implemented by PT Pertamina is not just restricted to the utilisation of methane gas, but it also encompasses the utilisation of other forms of renewable energy, such as solar energy (PLTS), biogas, biodiesel, and wind power (PLTB). The Self-Powered Energy Villages plan makes it possible to gain access to various renewable energy sources at prices that are more reasonable and on a communal level. Self-powered energy villages is a programme that adjusts to each community empowering location in such a way that allows for different types of renewable energy to be used in each place, but it still refers to the five new energy sources of solar, wind, biogas, biodiesel, and methane gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focused on some of the aspects of Green Economy, Green Jobs and Economic Resilience in Montenegro outlining the activities, initiatives, and support programs of various institutions contributing to the advancement of the green economy in the country. Key topics discussed economic diversification, circular economy initiatives, sustainable financing, incentive measures, and the role of different sectors in achieving climate and environmental goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the indicators that influence the calculation of the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) of a cutting line in a manufacturing company were analyzed. The main objective was to examine the main causes that directly affect the increase in the production capacity of the line. The data collection regarding task performance, daily production, amount of nonconforming product and compliance with the daily program was categorized and standardized, in order to determine the construction of an interactive spreadsheet. The digital format included data recording, calculation of OEE indicators per machine and per product, frequency of events reported as downtime per day and per month, and also calculation of economic losses due to monthly inefficiency per product type. Subsequently, the results of the OEE calculations were checked and validated. Moreover, the results were graphed in order to visualize the behavior of the line. The results showed that the line presents a low OEE level of 65%, due to downtime per machine and per product, causing considerable economic losses. The causes of the inefficiency were mainly the lack of raw material and the problems with the gumming of the product. The factors that affected the OEE were non-conforming product rolls. Finally, it is concluded that the digital format designed for the OEE calculation is a successful tool for efficient decision-making in the organization, so it is recommended to implement it in other production lines and plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, computer measuring systems and measuring instruments with metrological support are widely used in the field of construction and housing and communal services. In the article a retrospective analysis of the operation models of complex technical systems with metrological support is carried out. An approach to the construction of semi-Markov operation models is presented, which allows developing models with an arbitrary number of states. The construction of a model for the operation of a park of complex technical systems, which can have four groups of degradation, is given. The model is described by a system of 21-order ordinary differential equations. The dependence of the stationary availability factor on the duration of calibration intervals has been built. The model allows you to calculate the optimal values of calibration intervals for measuring instruments included in different degradation groups, based on the condition of the maximum availability factor for the park of complex technical systems as a whole. The presented model can be used to classify complex technical systems in order to set requirements for their metrological support, for the formation of operating procedures, including repair and write-off strategies. The model can also be used to calculate the technical and economic indicators of the development of the fleet of measuring equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the first procedures for the correct placement of goods and the choice of securing means to fully comply with the traffic safety requirements when placing and securing goods on railway transport. In addition, it is shown that it is important to use the fasteners optimally, correctly select the types of fasteners depending on the type of load, and determine their number in the prescribed manner using calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the oil industry, which includes such important industries as exploration, production, transportation, refining and marketing, has determined the fate of mankind and the world since the 19th century. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between the economic development of the region and oil resources. This shows that we must take into account the great attention to the exploration and production of oil and the possibility of gas in our country. It is noted that SOCAR has become an exporter of oil in the country: today it accounts for about 70% of Azerbaijan's crude oil exports. The research hypothesis is based on the assumption that in the current market conditions it is important to attract investments in the oil and gas sector of Azerbaijan. The expansion of activities to identify and establish such indicators of productivity in economic relations is due to the high assessments of SOCAR's development. Methods used in Azerbaijan of a close relationship between oil exports and GDP. With the successful implementation of the National Oil Strategy, the joint use and export of hydrocarbon resources with foreign companies is increasing every year due to the rapid increase in foreign exchange earnings in our country. Azerbaijan is a world leader in economic growth, an initiator and participant in important regional and international projects. The result of the study is the use of best practices in the field of oil revenue management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to solve the main problem – the choice of effective models in the construction of energy-efficient real estate objects. This goal is solved by choosing organizational and technological factors at each stage of the life cycle that affect the construction of an energy-efficient real estate object and planning a numerical experiment; identifying patterns of influence of organizational and technological factors (number of working hours per week, equipment with energy technologies, costs and conditions of construction) on the technical and economic indicators of an energy-efficient real estate object. Since the use of mathematical modeling in the design and improvement of the energy efficiency of buildings is the main tool that allows you to take into account the organizational and technological factors affecting the energy efficiency of buildings at all stages of its life cycle, then in our research we used the mathematical theory of experiment planning, which is the basis of the theory experimental statistical modeling. Based on the results of the numerical experiment, the mathematical theory of experiment planning was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The business processes of high technology companies, like aviation industry are very sensitive to business-process retardation. The reason of such problems can be a controversy on personnel level. The conflict management is a prerequisite for efficiency of the process. Actual methods allow to identify existing conflicts. The disadvantage of such methods is the already accomplished impact of the conflict on the production cycle. Consequently, the deteriorated economic indicators. We propose an approach that allows to identify hidden conflicts between the subjects of the business process at an early stage. It based on information research data. This approach is able to implement conflict management tools for minimization of economic losses due to conflict situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainability business practice implementation is required for the manufacturing company which has low competitiveness. Sustainability dimensions and indicators are required in the sustainability business practice implementation. This study aims to formulate sustainability indicators for manufacturing company. The current manufacturing company condition was delivered to show the importance of the sustainability approach in developing competitive advantage. A literature review to previous research in sustainability assessment was revealed for formulating the indicators. This study has succeeded to formulate 3 dimensions and 21 indicators for sustainability assessment in the implementation of sustainability business practice in manufacturing company. The qualification to formulate the sustainability indicators for any sectors were also found. A framework for sustainability assessment in adopting sustainable business practice is proposed. For further research, it needs experienced expert validation and assessed the indicators and framework model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IT adoption often experiences rejection. Besides experiencing rejection, it is usually being considered to have no clear positive impact on the performance of multinational companies. Several factors influence the IT adoption in multinational companies, such as perceived usefulness and government regulations. This research conducted a systematic literature review related to IT adoption in MNEs, which includes factors of IT adoption and how IT adoption has an impact on the performance of multinational companies. Articles used as the material in this literature study are articles that are published in reputable journals internationally and are Scopus indexed. Article searches are limited to those published between 2009 and 2021. The results of this study indicate to determine the factors that influence IT adoption in multinational companies is to use the TOE framework. IT adoption also has a positive impact on the performance of multinational companies, especially related to economic performance and operational performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The actual problem of assessing and comparing the influence of power transmission lines and electrical equipment of high-voltage electric power systems (EPS) elements on the operational reliability of the EPS is considered. To rank the options, a new indicator is proposed - the coefficient of the circuit-mode significance of the elements which makes it possible to estimate the relative weight of the consequences of their emergency shutdown for the EPS mode, taking into account the preventive regime measures necessary to fulfill the criterion n-1. A model and an algorithm for calculating the coefficient of the circuit-mode significance of the elements of an EPS have been developed which is determined by the arithmetic mean of the risk coefficients of the onset of negative consequences of their emergency shutdown and the influence of preventive regime measures on the indicators of technical and economic efficiency. A list of possible negative consequences in case of emergency shutdown of EPS elements and preventive regime measures is considered. The assessment of the risk coefficient for the occurrence of negative consequences in the event of an emergency shutdown of an element and the coefficient of influence of preventive measures was carried out in relative units in the range of values [0.1], using the hierarchy analysis method. The IEEE-14 power system test circuit is used to illustrate the proposed solutions. The developed technique can be used by the dispatching centers of the EPS and design organizations to determine and compare the EPS elements according to the criterion of ensuring operational reliability. The implementation of the research results can give a technical and economic effect for the entire EPS or its part, which is determined by ensuring the reliability of the EPS operation through priority repair or reconstruction of its most significant elements.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is already known, however it is essential to emphasize how the socio-economic evolution of Ecuador is closely related to the progress of the economy and the development of Ecuadorian society. The evolution of its history has determined the behavior of variables such as inflation, migration, Gross Domestic Product GDP per capita and external debt, therefore, its dynamics make us believe in this reality since the republican beginning of our country to the present days which is the objective of this work. The interpretation was made based on a brief historical review of the main aspects of economic activity and the unequal social classes. In fact, this last phenomenon has been the main characteristic for the direct relationship with the primary sector. In addition to the entrenched epiphenomena in our nation which are the results of lethargic development according to data from INEC and the CEPAL. With this in mind, the comparative perspective will be set in the economic and social indicators of recent years through a descriptive analysis, using the qualitative, quantitative and inductive methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In agricultural activity, the performance and competitiveness concepts are interest targets for decisionmakers, regardless of their representation level (production unit and / or product level, activity sector and / or national and / or international level). The way of materializing these two concepts of performance and competitiveness, in the agricultural activity is accomplished through the indicators system used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflation is an important economic indicator. Always strive for a low and stable growth rate. High and unstable inflation is a reflection of the tendency to increase in prices for goods and services in general and continuously so that it can weaken the purchasing power of the people which will lead to a decrease in national income. Therefore, it is hoped that there will be a control over the inflation rate, which has recently shown a fluctuating graph. This study discusses the effect of changes in the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar and changes in interest rates on changes in inflation in Indonesia which aims to model inflation in Indonesia using an error correction model. The results of this study indicate that changes in interest rates have a significant effect on changes in inflation, while changes in the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar have no significant effect on changes in inflation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent empirical evidence indicates that bond excess returns can be predicted using machine learning models. While the predictive power of machine learning models is intriguing, they typically lack transparency. We introduce SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), a state-of-the-art explainable artificial technique, to open the black box of these models. Our analysis identifies the key determinants that drive the predictions of bond excess returns in machine learning models and how these determinants are related to bond excess returns. Thereby, our approach facilitates an in-depth interpretation of the predictions of bond excess returns made by machine learning models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollution from production waste and disposal of household, electronic and other equipment is becoming more and more noticeable. This requires a rethinking of business processes in enterprises. Waste management is becoming a major problem of our society. Therefore, a targeted policy at the local and national levels is crucial. This requires a change in legislation in this area, as well as the development of specific measures to tackle the problems. To this end, however, we need indicators to determine the state and impact of the circular economy at local and national levels. In addition, the relationship of the circular economy to business processes and business, in general, must be observed. At present, the following indicators are used at the European level - Production and consumption, Waste management, Secondary raw materials, Competitiveness and innovation. The aim of this publication is to analyze the existing indicators and give recommendations to broaden the scope of the presentation, on the one hand. On the other hand, to present the need to add new indicators to influence management decision-making by business and public authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]