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This paper discusses the responses of schools and teachers in England and some other developed countries to Trans children, that is, those who feel that their assigned sex at birth was not correct. These children may be defined as Trans, that is wanting to change their assigned sex, or in other ways, such as having gender distress or dysphoria, or not being cisnormative which is, accepting one's sex assigned at birth. Recent years have seen a steady increase in the numbers of school children concerned about their birth assigned sex, presenting numerous problems. These include areas such as toilet facilities, changing rooms, sports studied, clothing, names and the use of pronouns and how to allot sleeping accommodation on a school journey. Parents in many cases are very concerned over schools' reactions, which have included schools agreeing to allow social transitioning without informing parents, ignoring the safeguarding instructions to schools, that parents must be informed of physical or mental health issues a child discloses. In addition, parents and schools can be at odds, with how schools should respond. In England, teachers have been waiting for guidance from the DfE on this matter since 2018, but this was not produced for schools until the end of 2023 for consultation, leaving schools to make individual decisions on actions. Comparisons are made with how schools in other developed countries have responded to this challenge and a small group of teachers in England, were asked to express their personal views on this subject and how it had affected their role in school. [For the complete Volume 22 proceedings, see ED656158.]

The paper has focused on important leadership and management strategic roles in employee retention with reference to a London higher education institute. It analyses some of the reasons for high turnover and theories around effective leadership and management roles in retaining hard working employees, with reference to teachers in a higher education institution in inner London cities. When discussing teachers, it includes lecturers that teach in higher education. Retaining hard working teachers has been an issue in HE institutions, particularly, since the Brexit and COVID-19 crisis, therefore, important to explore the issue in the context of the leadership and management strategic roles to reduce high turnover. The mini research uses mixed methods, quantitative and qualitative data collection with thematic analysis of the key findings from literature and comments from teachers on why they will like to stay or leave their jobs for another employer. Having sampled the opinions of small sampled participants and the literature sourced, it is obvious that teacher retention is a big issue in education with some teachers wanting to leave or stay. Those wanting to stay will do so if they are motivated with better pay and compensation and effective leadership and management of education institute and those leaving would live due to poor pay and heavy workload. The most interesting to note is that most of the participants love the job they do as long as their students are achieving their qualifications. [For the complete Volume 21 proceedings, see ED629259.]

We live in environmentally turbulent times where issues such as freshwater scarcity, soil and air pollution, natural disasters and depletion, biodiversity loss, and infectious diseases pose a serious danger for future generations. Climate change is one of the most significant modern threats, the solution to which requires the engagement of different social branches. Every year many students complete higher education institutions in Azerbaijan. From those, only 20% engage in environmental studies. As a result, only these graduates receive education in current environmental problems and their possible solutions. To tackle this problem, the Environmental Science course was introduced at ADA university for students from all disciplines, including policymaking, economy, technology development, and science. Since the Fall of 2017, more than 2,500 students have successfully completed the course as part of their bachelor's studies. In the scope of the program which includes both theoretical and field studies, students have visited the national reserves and parks, industry facilities, received insight into current global and local policies, and unresolved problems. The students have further developed and successfully presented their projects related to environmental health and circular economy. A number of students continued their education in the field of environmental policy diplomacy and currently work for local and international environmental organizations. The aim of this initiative is to support the transition towards a global circular economy, help address the country's pollution and deforestation issues, and preserve biodiversity through engaging youth from all areas of expertise in environmental problems of our times. [For the complete proceedings, see ED655360.]

Migration is a significant life event that usually triggers cross-cultural preparedness and the need for learning, even transformative learning. This exploratory study answers two research questions: How do Nigerian immigrants describe their preparedness for cross-cultural transition in Italy? What are the indications of transformative learning processes and outcomes in the immigrants' narrations? Emerging results from six semi-structured interviews with six Nigerian immigrants in Italy are presented. Narratives and themes from the interviews showed evidence of preparation (nonlearning and learning) as well as nonpreparation for cross-cultural transition among the immigrants. Participants' preparedness was associated with their motivation to emigrate, cross-cultural experiences, and proficiency in the Italian language. Also, their cross-cultural experiences pointed to different aspects in processes and outcomes of transformative learning. Disorienting dilemmas of individual participants were identified. The study concluded a further inquiry could show how Nigerian immigrants' cross-cultural transition leads to various outcomes of transformative learning. [For full proceedings, see ED628982.]

This document records testimony from a hearing before the Committee on Education and Labor that was held to examine the policies and priorities of the Office of Federal Student Aid. Member statements were provided by: (1) Honorable Frederica S., Chairwoman, Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Investment; and (2) Honorable Gregory F. Murphy, Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Investment. Witness statement was provided by: Honorable Richard Cordray, Chief Operating Officer, U.S. Department of Education Office of Federal Student Aid. Additional submissions include questions submitted for the record by: (1) Chairman Scott; (2) Chairwoman Wilson; (3) Honorable Joaquin Castro, a Representative in Congress from the State of Texas; (4) Ranking Member Foxx; (5) Honorable Jim Banks, a Representative in Congress from the State of Indiana; (6) Honorable Marianette Miller-Meeks, a Representative in Congress from the State of Iowa; (7) Honorable Lisa C. McClain, a Representative in Congress from the State of Michigan; and (8) Honorable Juia Letlow, a Representative in Congress from the State of Louisiana. Response to question submitted for the record by: Mr. Cordray.

In this study, we investigated the factors associated with education-job mismatches among US workers by immigrant generation. We used the data from the U.S. sample of the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) and documented the distribution of education-job mismatches across selected independent variables. We estimated the relationship between the individual characteristics of workers and education-job mismatch using multinomial logistic regressions and found that on average, immigrant workers were more likely to be overmatched for the jobs they held in the U.S. labor market, with first-generation workers being overmatched more frequently than second-generation workers. Our results imply that some adjustments towards a merit-based system of immigration might be beneficial for integrating newcomer immigrants into the labor market.

On September 2015, the Republic of Moldova, along with other 192 members of the UN, committed to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, by adopting the Declaration of the Summit on Sustainable Development. The national policy agenda is only partially aligned to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and one third of SDGs targets are not included in any of the national policy papers. Based on SDGs, the Government developed, approved and submitted to Parliament the National Development Strategy “European Moldova 2030”. At the same time, a number of sectorial strategies and programs were approved for the period until 2021 or 2022, which also provides for the adoption of urgent measures to revise them for the next period. Successful implementation of SDGs depends on how flexible the strategic planning framework is, that is now quite problematic in Moldova. Republic of Moldova has too many policy papers, which often overlap and contradict each other, are not properly monitored and assessed, and the responsibilities among implementing partners are not clearly shared and integrated into the budgetary planning processes. One of the possibilities to mainstream gender aspects in national reforms is modification of current national legislation, which would oblige public authorities (central and local) to develop and promote their strategic documents with taking into account women’s rights. The research examines the sector of public policy reform in the Republic of Moldova by mapping existing public policy documents – strategies and programs – through the lens of gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While communities and neighbourhoods place a premium on quiet living areas, home-sharing platforms bring tourism to ordinary homes. Noise has serious negative implications for public mental health and overall wellness. However, when residential neighbourhoods host sharing platform guests, their character may change to reflect the activities of short-stay, touristic inhabitants. To study the noiserelated externalities generated by home-sharing platforms, this short paper empirically examines the relationship between Airbnb listings in the city of New York, and frequency of residential noise complaints made. First estimations using negative binomial specifications on a panel dataset of NYC boroughs shows a higher number of Airbnb listings, higher occupancy and commercial use is associated with noisy boroughs, whereas noise complaints are lesser in boroughs with expensive listings. We outline steps for future work and development. This study speaks to IS literature on platform negative externalities disrupting community life, and offers insights for remedial public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business strategy can be seen from the way an organization manages a sustainable business and puts forward something competitive in certain fields. In a pandemic like this time, many things that can harm can happen, especially for the sustainability of companies. Indonesia as a country that has many islands will certainly be a calculation by most entrepreneurs, especially in their logistics area. This study aims to determine the industrial strategy in overcoming the downward trend in the market with several solutions in various countries and industries, especially the automotive industry in Indonesia, which have an important role. At the time of the Covid-19 pandemic, this kind of tool must be prepared in order to survive for industry and other businesses. In this paper, a case study on the Indonesian government's decision to purchase automobiles without tax in Indonesia is investigated. Data collection was carried out from quantitative data and secondary data from several papers related to wholesales and production. The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on the Indonesian automotive industry which has shown a drastic pattern of decline in the market since early 2020 and the influence of Indonesian government policies on the automotive manufacturing sector will be described. From previous research, several companies implemented a cost leadership strategy to maintain the market strategy of Kotler, P. (1999). In this paper, the data are analyzed using secondary data and employing three competitive strategies porter leading to a cost leadership strategy to maintain the market and its existence in order to achieve the desired target by reducing costs, increasing virtual-based sales, providing discounts based on market segments and based on resources value. This is possible to help organizations carry out their processes well and create sustainable value in the Covid-19 situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The climate change can be a natural process where temperature, rainfall, wind, and other elements vary over time. However, nowadays we are experiencing a rapid warming arising from human activities that increase greenhouse gas emissions which consequently increase temperatures making the living hood tougher and the World more asymmetric. Every aspect of national energy systems will be affected by these changes along with several factors such as the energy policy, financing, advancements in technology and shifts on the supply and demand of energy. Indeed the energy sector faces several challenges for instance the rising populations and demand, providing modern energy access to approximately 700 million people underserved, a high share of total GHG emission (65%) which has to be reduced significantly to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. The need for an increase in resiliency to future economic and environmental shocks as well as the shift towards a greener economy requires the strong intervention of the public policies. The role of the government and its policy actions is crucial for addressing these challenges. As a matter of fact, the broad scope of consequences arising from climate change on society added to the impact on firm cost structures puts the Government in the center of this transition. Policy actions on green innovations must be heterogeneous and, therefore, the government needs to adapt to the local situation and accelerate the establishment of a market-oriented green technology innovation environment. Likewise, public policy should not be homogeneous since there are economic driven innovations which reduce cost structure while enhancing competitive strategies, conversely, others that need subsidization for their implementation due to their negative effects on costs. In another words, public policy can´t follow the “one rule fits all” approach. This paper contributes is to refine the underlying differences between environmental and eco-innovations in the greener transition as well as the effectiveness of the different policy instruments for each case, thus providing the necessary knowledge to allow for a more effective policy package. Furthermore, though a set of logistic regressions using the CIS 2018 database, we aim to understand the role of environmental regulations as barriers or promoters of innovations reinforcing the green transition as a vehicle to promote sustainable and just ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study performs an empirical analysis on the characteristics of individuals' willingness to engage in the shadow economy. The focus of the paper is on the demand side of the shadow economy: willingness to purchase products or services for a lower price in exchange for not reporting the activity to the tax administration institutions. A nationally representative survey data of 1,001 individuals in Latvia is used to examine the relationship between tax-compliant behaviour, fear of punishment, material deprivation and government efficiency. The survey results show that the demand side of the shadow economy is widespread, as the acquisition of goods and services are carried out by many Latvians, including those who do not receive undeclared income. Economic constraints drive the demand, but the engagement with the shadow economy has a strong relationship also with the perceived quality of government efficiency in public spending and corruption level assessment. On the other hand, trust in the tax administration or the perceived probability to get caught for evading taxes does not correlate with the decision to acquire goods or services for a lower price by not paying taxes. The study contributes to the current shadow economy research by showing that the tax morale on the demand side is not driven exclusively by a material deprivation. Policies that simultaneously address effective public spending, eliminates corruption and focus on poverty reduction has the potential to limit the demand side of the shadow economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the Enabling Better Infrastructure (EBI) programme, the Institution of Civil Engineers has published updated guidance to help governments identify and deliver on their infrastructure needs, ensuring people can live safe, healthy and productive lives. Head of EBI, Dr Kerry Bobbins, reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, governments recognize the importance of investing in early childhood education programs. Since entry into elementary school is a critical transition period, it is useful to measure children's development before entry. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the national preschool promotion program on the socio-connective variables acquired by the children who benefit from the program. The context chosen is that of Moroccan preschools located in rural areas. This work proposes a sequential methodology based on a conceptual analysis based on the SOR paradigm "Stimulus-Organization-Response", and an empirical methodology based on the estimation structural equations. The results of this work confirm the existence of a positive and significant relationship between the different components of the external and internal environment of the preschool program, and the skills acquired by the preschool children. Consequently, the results argue for the generalization of preschool education, particularly in rural areas, with support for public or community provision. Providing preschool education to those who are currently excluded is considered an efficient and equitable investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Promotion of Space Sustainability Through National Licensing Regimes: The private sector is poised to reap untold riches in space, with new and imaginative ventures being announced almost daily. With great opportunities come great responsibilities, including the duty grounded in the Outer Space Treaty to conduct activities in space in a sustainable manner. The COSPAR Planetary Protection Policy and the IADC Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines establish detailed policies to promote sustainability, but these instruments have applicability only in limited defined contexts. The elements of space sustainability are yet to be clearly articulated, especially with regard to private sector activities. The development of legal standards will need to consider the interests of all stakeholders, including the global public interest, and policies must consider history, culture, ethics, and aesthetics. The absence of comprehensive international agreements on standards of conduct places states, especially licensing regimes, at the forefront in determining and shaping the contours of acceptable activities. States such as the United States and New Zealand have taken initial steps in their domestic laws to articulate specific policies to promote sustainability and prohibit certain activities as contrary to public policy, such as obtrusive space advertising or harming, interfering with, or destroying other spacecraft or Apollo landing sites. This study examines the role that states and national licensing regimes can play in defining the elements of space sustainability with special emphasis on private sector activities. Substantive policy considerations are identified and analyzed regarding, inter alia, the protection of scientific investigations, prevention of interference with activities of other entities, preservation of sites of special historic, scientific or aesthetic interest, disclosure of information concerning activities and discoveries, and the impact of activities on orbital and celestial environments. The study concludes with specific recommendations that states can implement to promote space sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Question The prevalence of smoking and its effect on the community have given rise to decades of anti-smoking public health initiatives in the United States. One of the ways in which organizations such as the CDC and the FDA have tried to reduce smoking rates is by restricting tobacco brands' ability to reach mass audiences. Most advertising and sponsorship activities have been banned, so one of the only remaining options for reaching a wide audience is product placement on American TV shows and movies. There are varied opinions as to how much this product placement affects sales of cigarettes. Anti-smoking advocates and marketing consultants have provided back-of-theenvelope estimates which indicate that "Mad Men" caused Lucky Strike sales to rise by 43%. On the other hand, trade groups representing TV and film producers have argued that there is no causal relationship between on-screen smoking and real-world smoking behavior. In this research, our goal is to quantify how TV product placement affects sales of cigarettes. Method and Data We estimate a demand model that quantifies the effect of product placement on retail sales for 15 cigarette brands. Our sales data comes from IRI, and we observe 2,078 stores in 91 designated market areas (DMAs) that sell cigarettes. The product placement data is collected from Nielsen PlaceViews, which is a proprietary data set that gathers information on branded product placement. Our sample of the PlaceViews data starts in December 2003 and ends in July 2006, and it contains all cigarette brand product placement that occurred on network television (ABC, CBS, FOX, and NBC) during that time period. We model product placement using weighted gross rating points (wGRPs) which account for both the duration of the product placement (i.e., how many seconds the product placement was shown on screen) and how many people viewed the product placement. The unit of analysis is a brand-store-week, and we have 2,740,781 such observations in the data. The demand model is a log-log demand model with log(quantity sold) as the dependent variable. Our independent variables include own-brand product placement wGRPs, competitor-brand product placement wGRPs, price, feature, and display. We also include high-dimensional fixed effects to better isolate the effect of product placement on sales. Summary of Findings Our main finding is that TV product placement has an own-brand elasticity of about 0.02 for the cigarette brands in our data. This estimate is statistically significant and also in line with recent elasticity estimates for conventional (interstitial) TV advertising among non-tobacco CPG brands. Our second notable finding is that the competitor-brand elasticity is also about 0.02 - this implies that Marlboro product placement helps increase Marlboro sales but also helps its competitors by roughly the same amount. Both of these elasticity estimates are robust to alternative assumptions regarding the identification strategy as well as functional form assumptions regarding the week-to-week carryover of advertising goodwill. The fact that product placement spills over to direct competitors by expanding demand for the product category indicates that a blanket ban on cigarette brand names and logos would have very limited effect on cigarette purchases on its own. For instance, if all branded cigarettes displayed in TV product placement were replaced by generic unbranded cigarettes on screen, our calculations suggest that overall cigarette sales would be reduced by less than 2 percent. On the other hand, a stronger measure such as a ban on all on-screen smoking activity would be about 4 times more effective. Statement of Key Contributions We find that product placement for tobacco brands is roughly as effective as TV advertising in other categories; this demonstrates the efficacy of TV product placement as a promotional tool. For government regulators like the FTC and the FCC that have purview over TV product placement, this result also suggests that it would be helpful to regulate cigarette TV product placement just like they have regulated cigarette TV advertising in recent decades. Tobacco companies have previously argued (including in Congressional testimony) that government restrictions on their promotional activity are unnecessary, because their promotional activity is about brand-stealing rather than category-expansion. However, our results demonstrate that product placement has a category-expansion effect for the cigarette category. Therefore, this finding is relevant for anti-smoking advocates as well as regulators that have a vested interest in reducing smoking rates in the United States. We also examine what kinds of product placement regulation would be most helpful in reducing cigarette use. Currently, the government limits (but does not completely eliminate) tobacco brands' ability to pay for product placement. Our results suggests that additional regulation would be more helpful if it were focused on TV producers rather than tobacco brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation generally involves poorly structured problems, which do not have an obvious solution within the knowledge available. The solution is usually evolutionary, resulting from several attempts and refinements. Social innovation aims to address social problems and needs, which happen regardless of economic odds. This innovation can be an answer to a social need by embedded solutions and by different stakeholders' mobilization to sustain effective social change. It also can be about the best resource use or cost reduction, mainly the social ones. Portugal has developed a pioneer public policy to encourage entrepreneurship, social innovation and boost the social investment market. The Portugal Social Innovation Programme (PIS), links investors and social entrepreneurial initiatives (SEI) and offers support to structure SEI in a sustainable way by providing resources and network. Insofar SEIs accomplish the contracted results, PIS rewards their private investors. Thence public and private capital share risks, and the public capital is driven to the most effective initiatives. PIS enables the experimentation needed for innovation building and increases the chance of public services improvement, contributing to enhance the welfare-state. In this sense, this research goal is to describe three revealing cases of SEIs supported by PIS, highlighting innovation features and contextualizing theory. The data was collected by 3 semi-structured in-depth interviews which responses could be found in a database with 120 cases built by an online survey. The thematic content analysis was conducted applying codes from theory and PIS’s investment criteria. Then cases were compared to understand the outcomes of investment criteria and to examine theoretical features. The study discusses PIS investment criteria and presents SEIs types endorsed by it. Thus, it helps disclosure and stakeholders' expectations management. It also enables understanding the relationship between innovation, business model sustainability, and social value creation in the Portuguese context. The SEIs analyzed endorses PIS's innovative potential in building networks and foster the entrepreneurial ecosystem. This study also poses a new way to identify and compare different kinds of social values paving the way for a less subjective and tricky assessment routine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Question- Hospital Value Based Purchasing (HVBP) program, launched and administrated by CMS (center for Medicare and Medicaid Services), is the first national level pay for performance program for hospitals in US. Each year, CMS withholds a percentage of payments from each hospital to fund the program and re-distribute the payment based on the performance of the four dimensions (patient experience, safety, cost efficiency and clinical quality). In FY 2013, the withholding percentage is 1%. Since FY 2017, the withholding percentage was 2%. The state dependence effect, proposed by Heckman (1981), refers to the phenomenon that the realization of an event affects the probability that the same event occuring in the future. In this study, we applied the dynamic random effect probit model to analyze whether previous years' award/penalty status affect their probability of receiving award/penalty in the future (i.e. whether there is a state dependence effect), results showed that there is a significant positive state dependence effect and the effect varies across hospitals of different ownership. Method And Data- dynamic random effect probit model, payment adjustment factors, panel data, 2471 hospitals from 2013 to 2018. Summary of Findings- The results showed a positive significant state dependence effect across the three different models we estimated, and is significant with hospitals located in different geo areas (large urban/other urban/rural) and with hospitals of different ownerships (government owned/voluntary non profit/proprietary). For the factors that impact the likelihood that a hospital receive a reward from the HVBP program, we found that number of employees show a significant positive effect, suggesting that as the number of employees get larger, hospitals have more labor resources, and can manage to improve upon the quality measures to reach a reward; number of beds and discharges show a significant negative effect, suggesting that as patient volumn get heavier, hospitals become unable to meet the quality criteria, suggesting there is a potentially a negative network effect. Teaching status show a significant negative effect, this makes sense because residents in hospitals are still in their training stage and may not be able to perform in a quality level that is required by the program. Percent of Medicare/Medicaid discharge show a moderate negative effect. Comparing with proprietary hospitals, voluntary non profit and government owned hospitals are more likely to receive a reward. Among demographic variables, we observe a moderate significant negative effect from number of black and Hispanic population, household income show a significant positive effect on the probability of a hospital receive a reward, and competition show a moderate significant For geographic factors, we do observe that, comparing with hospitals located in rural area, hospitals located in urban areas are less likely to receive a reward, comparing with hospitals located in New England area, the hospitals located in Mid Atlantic, West South Central show a significant less likelihood of receiving a reward, the hospitals located in East South Central show a moderate significant less likelihood of receiving a reward, while hospitals located in other areas do not show a significant difference. Key Contributions- Previous research on this HVBP Program has focused on the impact of the program and what are the factors that lead to a hospital being penalized or rewarded, the results are mixed. The key contributions are: First, we investigated whether a state dependence effect exists in hospital payment adjustment, an effect that was largely not studied by previous studies and we found the effect is significant; Second, we find a number of factors that influenced this effect, including demographics, geographics and hospital characteristics and finally implications for policy makers are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Question: Climate change is a global, wicked problem (Wooliscroft 2021); it is multifaceted, troublesome, and progressing exponentially. Certainly, it is a pressing world matter (Yakobovitch and Grinstein 2016). Policy and marketing researchers have sought understanding how to positively impact the environment for decades and the call for continued effort toward climate change continues (Martin and Misra 2021; Murphy 1991). Problems such as climate change benefit from marketing and policy perspectives, where researchers seek holistic understanding of systems in which problems are embedded and where varied stakeholder perspectives are drawn on for solution development (Head and Alford 2015; Kennedy 2017). Solving distressful problems requires networks of like-minded stakeholders at various levels, collaborating toward mutually beneficial solutions (Head and Alford 2015). Research has yet to identify the entirety of the climate change problem and many stakeholders remain unheard. Climate change solutions are rarely based on holistic understanding; instead, solutions are identified with limited scope and impact potential. This research takes a different stance to engage an oft ignored stakeholder group: the consumer. Employing a futures studies approach, this research asks consumers their collective preferred climate future and their recommended path to acquire that future. Method And Data: Qualitative methods were employed to understand consumer perceptions of current state and probable and preferred climate futures. Qualitative research focuses on participant experiences, perceptions, expectations, and preferences and is appropriate for exploration of underexplored, unclear, and complicated problems (Creswell and Poth, 2018; Rayburn et al. 2021). Grounded theory was foundational to this research based on its structured, iterative approach to data collection and analysis (Goulding 2005; Straus and Corbin, 1990); and, detailed elucidation of problems and networks of effects emanating to and from such problems (Charmaz 2000). Additionally, as the research questions required consumers' perspectives of climate change in the future, a futures studies approach was used to focus data collection and analysis on consumer perceptions, experiences, needs, and desires for the future (Inayatullah 2008; Rayburn et al. 2020). Combined, futures studies with tenets of grounded theory provide a structured approach to expose consumers current perceptions, their preferred future, and mechanisms to create that future. Data were collected from consumers, through digital (n=140), individual inperson (n=58), and collective in-person interviews (n=58), to expose shared consumer perspectives (Creswell and Poth 2018). Data analysis followed precedent set by prior futures studies (e.g., Anderson et al. 2019), including grounded theory techniques. Summary of Findings - 200 words According to participants, climate change is rooted in human action that has impacted the natural global climactic cycles. It is most clearly described as a cycle starting with weather extremes, including temperature change, and soon thereafter impacting various natural elements. If left unchecked, participants stress, climate change will result in dire consequences for the world and its inhabitants. Participants also express hope and provide a path to a preferred future, a future in which the environment is renewed and shared responsibility for climate change and the environment pervades. The futures studies approach here reveals consumers' insistence on global shared responsibility for the climate future as they describe macro-, meso-, and micro-level paths governments, businesses, organizations, and individuals can follow to reach a preferred climate future. This research reveals how these actors will have to come together on a global scale. Since climate change has the potential to impact every facet of life, policies, incentives, investments, and conscious choices and actions at all levels are needed to reach a future that is most likely to result in enhanced global well-being, not only environmental, but social and economic as well. Statement of Key Contributions: Climate change is a global problem, that left unchecked will result in catastrophic consequences. Such problems benefit from marketing, wherein researchers seek holistic understanding of systems in which problems are embedded and where varied stakeholder perspectives are drawn on for solution development. Policy, business, and consumer impacts on climate change have been studied; however, researchers have not examined these voices and perspectives to climate change solutions in concert. To fill this research fissure, this research takes a different stance to engage an oft ignored stakeholder group. Published research largely ignores consumers' collective insight into global climate change problems and their potential wisdom at informing far-reaching, collaborative, multi-faceted solutions. Leaning on the futures studies approach, the current investigation identifies consumers' preferred paths to help curb climate change. This method is effective in identifying stakeholders' current perspectives, expectations of probable futures, and preferences for the future combined with paths to reach that future. Further, it is appropriate for designing solutions to problems in varied contexts. This research gives voice to reveal consumers' insistence on global shared responsibility for a preferred climate future as they describe macro-, meso-, and micro-level paths governments, businesses, organizations, and individuals can follow to clear this environmental hurdle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EXTENDED ABSTRACT Digital media, particularly social media, has transformed how people communicate and it has continued to evolve rapidly, especially with younger users. Despite the widespread use of social media, it remains inaccessible for millions of users with hearing or visual disabilities, a reality that has led to lawsuits against many brands. Consumers with such impairments may either lack or have difficulties using assistive technology (i.e., screen readers, captioned videos with playback), experience problems operating keyboards, and/or encounter other obstacles such as poor color contrast in the digital media displays, they attempt to access. Consequently, these consumers are vulnerable in that they are not able to fully access the benefits of the marketplace to the same degree as consumers without such disabilities. Accessibility issues for vulnerable consumers are compounded when organizations do not incorporate accessibility features directly into their digital media-based offerings or rely on automated technology to add such features even though such devices may not accurately capture the relevant and necessary content in what has been posted in the digital realm. Public policy guidelines regarding digital communication and accessibility specifically in social media are limited, out of date, or non-existent enforceable laws. Since the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed in 1990 before social media platforms existed, there is a lack of information on how brand advertisers should utilize accessibility features in their social media content. In this research, we examined 829 social media posts selected by young adults that appeared on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok and YouTube. Our findings enhance the understanding of which digital accessibility features (e.g., alternative text or closed captioning) were actually being implemented accurately in these posts, which ones were not, and why social media posts may be a ripe area for public policy consideration and advanced development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]