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As we move to a more carbon-constrained world, business will ultimately have to meet customer needs in a way that reduces the carbon footprint of products across the supply chain to minimize carbon emissions and mitigate climate change. The various activities contributing to carbon emissions in a supply chain are transportation, ordering and holding of inventory. This research work develops a mixed-integer nonlinear programing (MINLP) model that considers the scenario of supply chain with multiple periods, multiple products, and multiple suppliers. The model assumes that the demand is deterministic, the buyer has a limited storage space in each period, the buyer is responsible for the transportation cost, a supplier-dependent ordering cost applies for each period in which an order is placed on a supplier and inventory shortage is permissible. The model provides an optimal decision regarding what products to order, in what quantities, with which suppliers, and in which periods to minimize the overall supply chain cost as well as associated cost of carbon emissions. For evaluating the carbon emissions, four different carbon regulating policies i.e., carbon cap-and-trade, strict cap, carbon offset and carbon tax on emissions, have been considered. The proposed MINLP has been validated using a randomly generated data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As we move to a more carbon-constrained world, business will ultimately have to meet customer needs in a way that reduces the carbon footprint of products across the supply chain to minimize carbon emissions and mitigate climate change. The various activities contributing to carbon emissions in a supply chain are transportation, ordering and holding of inventory. This research work develops a mixed-integer nonlinear programing (MINLP) model that considers the scenario of supply chain with multiple periods, multiple products, and multiple suppliers. The model assumes that the demand is deterministic, the buyer has a limited storage space in each period, the buyer is responsible for the transportation cost, a supplier-dependent ordering cost applies for each period in which an order is placed on a supplier and inventory shortage is permissible. The model provides an optimal decision regarding what products to order, in what quantities, with which suppliers, and in which periods to minimize the overall supply chain cost as well as associated cost of carbon emissions. For evaluating the carbon emissions, four different carbon regulating policies i.e., carbon cap-and-trade, strict cap, carbon offset and carbon tax on emissions, have been considered. The proposed MINLP has been validated using a randomly generated data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a study aimed at improving the safety of hemostatic parameters of donor fresh frozen blood plasma in its preparation for transfusion. The developed method of technological optimization of the process of preparation of fresh frozen blood plasma for transfusion in devices for its heat treatment is described and the results of its testing are presented. The results indicate that the use of the developed method of technological optimization of the process of preparation of fresh frozen blood plasma for transfusion leads to a reduction in the time of exposure on blood plasma in the device for its heat treatment, thereby potentially reducing the decrease in indicators of its thermolabile components. It is reasonable to continue the study to quantify the increase in their preservation with paired blood plasma samples obtained from the same donor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to increasing concern of environmental degradation by various supply chain activities such as sourcing, transportation, inventory holding, manufacturing, and distribution, industries have begun redesigning their supply chain network to integrate recycling and reuse of product returns. The combination of the forward movement of goods from raw materials to the end user and the reverse movement of goods from the end user to the manufacturer, or even back into raw materials through recycling is entitled as Closed Loop Supply Chains (CLSC). In this paper a multi objective Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is developed to determine the optimal locations of the facilities and the distribution of flows between the facilities in the CLSC. The sustainability goals addressed in this research include minimizing cost (economic goal), minimizing carbon emission (environment goal) and maximizing the employment (social goal). The proposed MILP has been validated using a randomly generated data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]