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Background: COVID-19 has become a global concern as it has ended the lives of lakhs of people. The study done by. Lin proposed the results of an analysis of a theoretical computational model of epidemiology taking into account the crucial components such as response of an individual behavior, measures taken by government, rapid transmission and emigration of fever virus to a huge extent of human population. Simple model framework has been used by them to examine the requirements of essential elements.Problem: We claim the perfect validation of the assumptions stated for the purpose of modeling and its analysis, however, the analytical solution of the presented model is not discussed. And thus have a poor potential to make computational estimates.Methodology adopted: We have tried to present and validate the mathematical/analytic solution of the developed model, considering their assumptions.Conclusion: We have reached to the outcome that the work presented by Q. Lin should be demonstrated adequately with a cautionary advice of not to consider the results and analysis of such numerical models.The current study proposed the results of an analysis of a theoretical computational model of epidemiology taking into account the crucial components such as response of an individual behavior, measures taken by government, rapid transmission and emigration of fever virus to a huge extent of human population. Simple model framework has been used by them to examine the requirements of essential elements. We claim the perfect validation of the assumptions stated for the purpose of modeling and its analysis, however, the analytical solution of the presented model is not discussed. The decision point of this work is to adequately demonstrate along with the cautionary advice of not to use the outcomes and analysis of such numerical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of stricter immigration policies by many countries has increased the number of people searching for alternative routes, such as seeking assistance from travel agents or migrant smugglers. This shift has created a new opportunity leading to an increase in travel agents and migrant smugglers, particularly in countries like India. This paper is based on ethnographic research with travel agents, who are running the migrant smuggling business in India. We have found that they initially operated as conventional travel agents providing services such as ticket booking and visa assistance. However, due the profitable and economically rewarding opportunities in illicit migrant smuggling, they have expanded into this lucrative business. Further, this paper explores their interpretations of migrant smuggling as a service provided to their clients, and the ethics they follow in their enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference of Daugavpils University / Daugavpils Universitates Starptautiskas Zinatniskas Konferences Materiali is the property of Daugavpils University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Romania of the year 2019 crosses the largest exodus in its history and we are not talking about the village-city mobility but directly about international migration. At the same time, in the popular culture, Romanians are not known to be big entrepreneurs. They innovate, are spontaneous, have many ideas, but entrepreneurship is not a trait that characterizes us as people. Also, the working population migrates massively, which does not encourage the development of rural areas. This paper aims to analyze and radio graph the rural entrepreneurial environment in the Bucovina region of Romania (Suceava County), which is part of the North-East Region - one of poorest region of the European Union. With this purpose, data was collected on the companies established in Suceava County, the entrepreneurs responsible for these businesses and the areas of interest for them. At the same time, the paper aims to outline also the uncovered domains that could become useful for the area and that can attract entrepreneurs back home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research focuses on the problems and experiences of integration of immigrant population in the Spanish and German rural areas struggling against depopulation. It considers the policies and measures taken by public authorities to tackle two interlinked problems: population shrinking in small towns and immigrant integration seen as a chance to revitalize these rural areas. Based on literature review, official statistics and policy analysis, the paper shows the hurdles and opportunities of immigration integration in declining territories and the potential coherence of these policies from a comparative approach in the Spanish and German contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Organization of future is organization which combines old employees know how with young employees enthusiasm and management tools customized for knowhow transfer. Global economic situation, crises and migration phenomena, IT new challenges( global networks) and the new way of human being interaction contribute for a new society, for new business approach and knowledge transfer will make a difference, will create a new framework for a new business models. The question is for organization of future if it is prepare for this new stage? The purpose of this paper is to present a modern approach about how critical is knowledge transfer in organization of future and a possibility of implementation in organization of future. This paper can create the premises for development of organization of future, by presenting methodology and tools which can help organization to transfer the know-how, to assure the organization long term contribution to the market. Design/methodology/approach - The paper will present a methodology and tools, which can be applied in the organization of future; it was piloted on key positions, which were nominated by the key players from the organization. Were applied interviews, workshops and round tables to facilitate the process of key position identification process, which is critical for the organization of future to secure know how on long term. For each stage I designed customized tools for the process. Findings - Results of pilot implementation indicate several issues that can appear in the relationship, between key positions, key player (employees and future retiree). Know how is properly transferred to the Disciple (the young employee nominated for the knowledge transfer) from the Retiree (old employee with key expertise and knowhow, which will go to pension) if were formalized the process with clear definitions and expectations. Also a key role in the knowledge transfer process has human resources experts. Research limitations/implications -- One limitation for the present paper can be the pilot implemented (only relevant positions, nominated by the supervisors participated in the program). Also other limitation can be involvement from the key players (Disciple and future Retiree) and the process can be implemented only formally. In this case the process of knowledge transfer for the organization of future will be affected on long term. Critical knowhow can be lost. Practical implications -- Implications of these findings suggest that management has to be open for new challenges worldwide and contribute for future organization and create the premises for modern tools and methodologies implementation. Originality/value -- This paper can create the premises for development of organization of future, by presenting methodology and tools which can help organization to transfer the know-how, to assure the organization long term contribution to the market. Have instruments and process which help organization to secure knowledge on long term, will make the difference between organizations, with success and without. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Science, Culture & Sports Congress is the property of International Science Culture & Sports Association (UBIKS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the paper we consider a sequence of nearly critical branching processes with immigration. We will prove central limit theorem for fluctuation of branching processes with ϕ − mixing immigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2015, the irregular migratory flow marked a beginning of a new era in the history of the European migration. In many European countries, including in Hungary, the public opinion related to this phenomenon has forced the legislators to take the necessary measures against it. In Hungary, among others, the criminal law was also in focus. The first step was the construction of the physical border fence, and as a second stage, the Hungarian Parliament adopted a legal framework on its protection. In accordance with this step, new crimes - and in connection with them - a new special criminal procedure inserted into the Hungarian Criminal Code and into the Hungarian Act on Criminal Procedure, which entered into force in 15 September 2015. The crimes mentioned were the following: unlawful crossing the border barrier, damaging the border barrier and the obstruction on construction work of the border barrier. According to the relevant official statistical data the number of crimes against the border barrier decreased significantly for the past few years. Therefore the aim of the paper - after the presentment of the Hungarian legal background - is to examine the mentioned criminal legal amendments, and to make conclusions based on the criminal statistical data published by the Hungarian authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research being reported exapts a method to build an ontology, and a method for detecting terms from text, and applies these to the problem of identifying potential misalignment of government user interfaces (GovUI) to the legislation it is meant to be implementing. Misalignment may suggest that when government may be collecting too much, or too little information. Too much information suggests privacy issues, while too little requires customers to provide additional information to enable government to determine their eligibility for limited government services. This paper presents the GovUI-Onto, an ontological method that can be used to identify misalignment. The method is applied in the welfare, taxation, and immigration settings, using the definition of 'Australian resident'. The findings indicate significant misalignment in all settings. The GovUI-Onto method can be used to detect potential misalignment of GovUIs to the legislation, and it can also be used to avoid misalignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to rebuild with an historical approach Italian management of migration flows during last Government Berlusconi (2008-2011). The research focuses specifically on political strategies carried out by Italian right-wing Government of that time, to highlight reasons and effects of their evolution in national and international framework. The starting hypothesis is that migration issue became the main resource to gain electoral consensus in political competition and, in the meantime, an instrument to unbalance international scenario in favour of Berlusconi's Government requests which were directed at acquiring a dominant role in European arena. Final purpose of the study is to stress changing role of migration matter in political debate. The paper takes into account the specific climate of tension developed during the so called 'securitarian' biennium (2008-2009) and consequences it had in planning Italian preliminary strategy of migration flows management. The research analyzes then relations between Italy and Libya to put into light shadows which characterized the Benghazi Cooperation Treaty of 2008 and it focuses on frictions between Italy, Malta and France to highlight Berlusconi's final purpose and his European ambitions. The analysis of the evolution of Italian strategies emphasizes new variables acquired by migration issue in national political debate and in international arena where role of migrants started to be used as a bargaining chip due to Arab Spring effects. Beyond referring literature and official publications, the main source of the paper is state-wide circulation press of that time. Several newspapers have been analyzed day by day to rebuild political climate of the period and to give a chronological reconstruction of events. This article borders both Contemporary History and Political Science due to its methodology and its arguments and it represents an in-depth-analysis of a single issue of a bigger work concerning security policies of the main Italian parties in the period circumscribed between 2008 and 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current civil war in Syria causes a mass population flow both within Syria and from there to out of Syria for a safety reason. Depending on the location of the turmoil in Syria map, Syrian passes the borders either with documented or undocumented. Of course the main destinations are safer neighbour countries. Currently Turkey has become the major host of Syrian refugees and according to the official figures around two million Syrian refugees are living in Turkey. This mass flow has produced so many problems such as living condition, broken families, lack of education for children, poverty and unemployment. This paper intends to make an introduction to the issue of the Syrian refugees in Turkey. Doing that I will present a brief theoretical explanation on why people migrate and then focus on Syria case, Syrian refugees in Turkey and their effects on labour market. Shortly, I can emphasise the lack of adequate data on that issue and the need more researches and data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The word 'migration', is used frequently at the present. Unfortunately, many people relate to this word negatively. This paper will portray the voluntary and legal migration of Slovaks, from their smaller and landlocked Central European EU member state. It borders Poland, Ukraine, Hungary, Austria, and Czechia. The mobility habits of Slovak citizens has changed since the accession of the country to the EU in 2004. This paper will explore the reasons why so many Slovaks choose to leave their home country with the vision to study and later live abroad. Despite serious economic repercussions, the Slovak government has yet to address this recurring trend, although recently some initiatives sprang out with the aim of encouraging Slovaks to return. At the same time, most recently, the Slovak diaspora became an unsuspected target for the highest Slovak governmantel officials, who referred to them as second class citizens and questioned their right to vote in the February 2020 elections. Data collected for this study originates predominantly from Eurostat and OECD reports as well as from a case study of Slovak undergraduate students enrolled in a social science programme between 2016 - 2018 at the Comenius University in Bratislava in terms of their possible future employment abroad. Although students are rather conservative in terms of their estimates of working abroad after their graduation, one third of them actually wish to work and live abroad indefinately. Their imagined destinations partly confirm the top ten study destinations abroad, although the scores are clearly higher for the UK, the US and Canada in comparisson to the remaining seven contries on the top 10 list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examined the effects of irregular migration flow on agricultural productivity in Kosovo. Data were obtained using a mixed-methods approach comprising of desk research and field research data. Seven regions were selected based on the population size, agricultural labour availability, land accessibility and availability and agricultural performance in rural areas. From seven regions up to 1151 migrant/households are sampled for the study. The results show not much evidence of effects migration on agricultural labour, suggesting that households whose members engaged in irregular migration had significantly reduced farm production while other households whose members are not engaged in migration had no significant effect on production. Our analysis builds on an improved database of migration stocks and flows for the last three year period, as well as migration facilitates investment, remittances and labour supply. A descriptive statistic is used to categorize the effects of irregular migration flow on agricultural productivity in Kosovo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present some alternatives/ solutions for the organizations from Romania affected by migration phenomena and also EU impact, from organization point of view. Based on data collected in a research, which can be extended correlated with EU statistics for the current situation in Romania and Europe the same, this paper will present the case of Romanians which intend to emigrate abroad temporary for Students Programs: Internships/ Practice in abroad organizations and can be a start for politics development at national level with EU impact. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used to investigate the labor force migration phenomenon was the sociological investigation based on a questionnaire via the Internet, my own creation. The Internet was the way to collect the data since it offered the possibility to cover an area of respondents as vast as possible, from various fields. Research limitations/implications One limitation for the present paper are the data collected almost at 10 years ago; but the current Romania statistics sustain the Romanian population trend to emigrate abroad is still increased; accordingly the statistics at European level, Romania is the second after Siria( 13%) with 3.4 mil Romanians working abroad[2]. Practical implications Implications of these findings suggest that management has to be open for new challenges worldwide and contribute for future organization and create the premises for modern tools and methodologies implementation and reconsider performance and career management tools and also immigrants as labor force alternative, to keep their labor force inside organization. Originality/value The personal contributions are represented by the alternatives for the organization of future, to keep the specialists inside organization, identified through the research (performance and career management tools and also immigrants as labor force alternative), and also the methodology and instruments used, by processing and interpretation of the primary data that led to the final conclusions and recommendations, which are still actual for Romania current situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is nowadays much discussed topic in Europe. Despite the fact that in the past migration has been associated with development, it is now more associated with uncertainty, fear and resistance of many inhabitants in European developed countries. In different parts of the world, causes of migration are different. However, factors that motivate people to emigrate can be unified into several: political instability, low standard of living, poverty, diseases, armed conflicts, religious contradictions etc. Factors that impact the choice of target country are above all: social security, respect for human rights, better economic opportunities, justice, security, and so on. The paper examines movement of refugees and migrants in Europe over last years. It also tries to outline development in the future. The paper examines arrivals of refugees and migrants across the Mediterranean Sea. We have focused on selected European countries. The paper also tries to find possible ways to solve migration crisis in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the current challenges the international community faces in the context of migration crisis. The research follows comparative legal analysis standards and rests on the international legislation, national laws and legal administrative practices regarding the refugee child protection against exploitation and abuse in the countries that are part to the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse. The paper aims to identify the issues that are critical for refugee minors' protection at the age of skyrocketing migration. The paper aggregates empirical data that comes from the questionnaire conducted by the Council of Europe Committee of the Parties to the Lanzarote Convention. The research explores the Lanzarote Committee State Members data regarding their legislation in force and current practices in the field. The research was implemented within the framework of the RUDN university participation in the Russia-wide 5-100 project. The paper theme and research findings were specified in line with the RUDN research project № 201211-1-074 under the Russian Ministry of Education grant support in 2017. The authors of the paper in their capacity of the Russian delegation members have taken part in the activities of the Committee of the Parties to the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As it happened with international trade and investment flows, global financial crisis also negatively influenced the international immigration tendencies. Immigrants are usually employed in sectors that are more sensitive to crises with more temporary and part-time jobs. These are mostly less skilled occupations where immigrants usually face discriminative treatment in hiring and layoffs. That is why, following the onset of global recession the migration to the economically advanced regions decreased immediately. During the first period of global economic crisis governments in different countries also implemented a set of policies to prevent the inflow of new migrants and force the existing immigrants to leave in order to provide more job opportunities for their citizens. This paper investigates how the changes of economic structure, policies and public opinion in most of the advanced countries have affected on global immigration since the global financial crisis. The work provides an empirical estimation of the impact of different crisis related factors on international migration since 2008-2009 for OECD countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Croatian regions are faced with different types of development issues, where demographic risks, including regional migrations, present important obstacles in attempts to achieve regional convergence and further economic development. In parallel with this, polarisation tendencies exist which can have multiplicative, multi-level and long-term unfavourable effects. The studies have confirmed that it is urgent to manage determined demographic polarisation, before it causes higher development disparities. The aim of this paper is to present chosen demographic characteristics of the Croatian regions which should be included in managing demographic polarisation and to give an overview of the possibilities seen through European Union cohesion policy (its framework, funds and innovative delivery tools) that can be used to prevent the causes and consequences of this polarisation. The results determine regional demographic polarisation interconnected with economic disparities in Croatia. Textual analysis in the paper confirms regional demographic issues are internalised in different strategic and regional policy planning documents, while discussion gives recommendations about implementation potential regarding also new approaches in cohesion policy. Utilisation of specific regional endogenous resources is important in managing polarisations which implies that it is necessary to deal with different cohesion policy instruments directed towards the various regional socioeconomic problems in order to address demographic risk. Besides European Structural and Investment Funds here can be applied tools concerning urban development that are also elaborated in the paper. Conclusions can be observed in deciding on future population and regional policy actions as well as in studies which deal with the cumulative effects of regional polarisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to increase the understanding of the role of economic threat in the formation of public attitudes toward immigration in Ireland. Research has identified realistic threat, particularly related to scarce economic resources, as one of the main drivers of anti-immigration sentiment (Quillian, 1995; Mayda, 2006; Billiet et al., 2014). Since the onset of the economic crisis, public opinion in many European countries has become more hostile towards migration, particularly in those countries most affected by economic recession. This is generally assumed to be a consequence of economic threat, with greater competition for jobs and resources leading to a hardening in attitudes. Using the European Social Survey and the Labour Force Survey, this paper investigates if individuals in sectors and occupations; i) more exposed to economic uncertainty, and ii) with greater representation of migrants can account for hardening attitudes towards immigration. This study contributes to the larger body of research on anti-immigration attitudes and contributes to a better understanding of economic threat in the formation of public attitudes towards immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing gender perspective into international migration studies has been considered very important since the end of the 20th century. However, there is not much discussion on how the gender structure of home country causes immigrants' international migration. Classical studies on international migration have revealed that economic and political disparity between home country and host country causes international migration. In this paper, the author clarifies that the disparity of gender structure between two countries may motivate women's international migration. This study focuses on women who moved to the United States from postwar Japan. The proportion of women in the Japanese people who immigrate to the United States far exceeds the national average. The characteristic of Japanese female immigrants is that there are few women who migrated to the US with their families. Many have migrated alone. In this paper, the author will analyze the interview data for the Japanese female immigrants who live in single metropolitan areas in the West Coast of the United States. The author analyzes the data of 15 women who have migrated to the United States alone, collected by the interview research held from 2011 to 2014. Many Japanese informants in the study reported resistance to gender structure in Japanese society. In any case, it is clear that "gender structure" difference between the home country and the host country becomes an important factor which cause women's international migration. As classical studies on immigration shows that economic and political gap between the home country and the host country causes international migration, this paper disclosed that the disparity of gender structure between two countries may motivate women's international migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is nowadays a renewed interest in the scholarship of migration to identify the determinants of migration decision making. Albeit with different terms, most of the research theorizes migration as resulting from circumstances, opportunities and practices. This paper suggests shifting attention to how people "read" and navigate circumstances and opportunities, which may result in practices, from a microsociological and culture orientated perspective. Drawing on various strands of literature, i.e. cultures of migration, neoliberal subjectivity and conceptions of modernity, this paper explores the ways in which culture "enters" peoples' lives. The example of Polish migration to Germany, due to its long-standing tradition of migration and post-socialist transition to Western capitalism, is particularly telling for an examination of the ways in which cultural meanings of migration shape peoples' conceptions of subjectivity and life course considerations. Challenging reductionist conceptions of migrants' subjectivity, the analysis reveals that people do not mechanically respond to structures, nor is their migration solely determined by material aspects, even if people commonly refer to "economic" motifs as the driving reasons. Instead, as a legacy of the cultural history a particular frame of reference has emerged, through which migration is assessed in relation to expectations of a normal life, inasmuch as to becoming normal through migration. In doing so, this paper provides a more nuanced understanding of migrants' subjectivity by illustrating that people's rationality is shaped by socially accepted life-making options and their interrelations with hegemonic concepts of subjectivity, which reflect local and international trends related to migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses migration and informal employment in the Russian Federation. It considers the characteristics of migration, the legal and regulatory situation of migrant workers with regards to informal employment. First, the paper reveals the current migration inflows into Russia with focus on the migrants' employability. This gives the ground for seeing informal employment from the supply side of migrant workers. Second, the paper reviews the migration legislation, employment laws as the push factors into informal employment. This part allows us to explain the informal work from the demand side (employers). Finally, the paper estimates the probability of working informally for the migrant workers. In the conclusion, we developed possible policy recommendations for decreasing irregular migration and informal employment for migrant workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of mediation practices for resolving interethnic conflicts in a multicultural educational environment is actual due to the globalization and expansion of migration flows. The paper is aimed at the analysis of challenges of interethnic relations in a multicultural environment of the Krasnoyarsk Region and the empirical research of mediation practices development in the field of education to resolve conflicts between the actors of the education process, including intercultural conflicts. Based on the content analysis of the Krasnoyarsk schools reporting documents on mediation procedures, the problematic aspects of the introduction of mediation in the multicultural educational environment of the region were characterized. The deficiencies of teacher education in terms of development of migration processes in Russia were indentified, among which the most acute is shortage of mediation techniques use for prevention and resolution of intercultural conflicts at all levels of education due to the lack of mediation specialists and practitioners. The survey on the didactic components of the mediation competence was carried out. The article presents the analysis on the key professional competencies, obtained from the expert survey of practicing mediators of Krasnoyarsk, in a comparative retrospective with similar international studies. The practical use of the study is in fostering the mediation practices implementation in the educational environment to resolve conflicts between the culturally diverse actors of educational process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper author is researching the economic effect of emigration in Baltic region. Author is particularly looking at three economically lagging behind regions and emigrations impact on regional economies in last decade. Author has chosen several significant factors of economic influence: remittances and migration flows size, Gross domestic product, level of average and minimal salaries, labour and Value Added Taxes, which all affect local economies/communities. The regional scope of this research is linked with distinctive economically lagging behind regions: Estonian Narva, Latvian Daugavpils and Lithuanian Visaginas. All three regions for long time were showing comparatively high unemployment rates, average and minimal salaries in these regions are as well much smaller than in capitals. Another common feature of these Baltic lagging behind regions is its Russian socio-linguistic environment- these regions have high density of Russian speaking minority population. The objective of this research paper is (i) to measure the behaviour of the emigration in selected regions, (ii) compare emigration process and its patterns within three Baltic countries and (iii) evaluate the overall impact of emigration in economically lagging behind regions. The overall impact of emigration on the economies of Baltic countries is evaluated by weighting negative and positive factors. Two quantitative approaches were developed in order to measure emigration’s influence on the selected Baltic economies and have more realistic results. Each of these scenarios contains different set of parameters and these combinations describe economic impact of the migration. Underlying formula of the undertaken approaches, with small modifications may be used for examination of similar issues in other regions and countries. Emigration certainly has an economic impact, moreover on economies of lagging behind regions. In this paper it is proved, that negative effects of emigration increases, if the level of life/ salary grows in emigration-source country. Overall economies of Baltic countries receive fewer transfers from abroad, than taxes, which could have been paid by current emigrants. However, situation is different in economically lagging behind regions, where salaries are smaller and remittances have relatively higher value. That is why in some cases regional economies are gaining much more from remittances, than they could have earned from taxes of current emigrants, at least in current socio-economic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference of Daugavpils University / Daugavpils Universitates Starptautiskas Zinatniskas Konferences Materiali is the property of Daugavpils University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The wage is a financial remuneration of an employee for the work performed. The wage is a big motivating factor for carrying out the work, whether psychologically or economically. The main aim of this paper is to examine and compare the wages in selected EU countries (United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, Malta, Greece, Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia) and in the regions of the Slovak Republic (8 regions). We will examine the evolution of the minimum wage and the average wage in selected countries. The average wage will also be investigated in individual regions of Slovakia. Then a comparative analysis of tax and social security burden on wages will be performed through the wage calculators of selected countries. The wage level and the possibility of applying for a different job markets are (from the perspective of economic theory) the most significant - although not the only - factors of international migration. Some countries face a greater influx of workers to their labour markets; other countries need to deal with the outflow of workers. Slovak Republic belongs to the second group. In the paper will be examined also the impact of the wage level on the work-migration of citizens to the countries with higher wages. The paper will be processed and prepared on the basis of relevant regulations, of book publications, of scientific papers and of secondary data available in statistical sources. Within the analysis of secondary data appropriate mathematical and statistical methods will be selected. Based on the evaluation of the results of research, conclusions will be to drawn and suggestions will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to consider critically phenomenal growth of Pegida movement from socio-cultural perspective during its first half year of existence (20.10 2014-20-04 2015). This is in order to analyse it in the context of wider theoretical explanation of right wing populist movements growing in significance in Europe. Outcome of this paper should provide support for further discussion on growing in affluence range of right wing populist discontent movements in Europe in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arts and design‐based approaches hold potential for supporting deliberation among groups with different views and values who collaborate through their information practices. This paper describes the design of such an approach, entitled Sangam: Prompts for Discussions, Decision Making, and Design Activities that Respect Newcomer Communities and their Data. Grounded in empirical research, Sangam is a set of physical cards that prompt reflection on and discussion of ethical complexities that arise when coordinating immigration and settlement services in Canada. This report describes the process of designing the Sangam cards, staying true to the project's research findings while also leaving space for interpretive flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration of data collections from one platform to another is an important component of data curation – yet, there is surprisingly little guidance for information professionals faced with this task. Data migration may be particularly challenging when these data collections are housed in relational databases, due to the complex ways that data, data schemas, and relational database management software become intertwined over time. Here we present results from a study of the maintenance, evolution and migration of research databases housed in Natural History Museums. We find that database migration is an on‐going – rather than occasional – process for many Collection managers, and that they creatively appropriate and innovate on many existing technologies in their migration work. This paper contributes descriptions of a preliminary set of common adaptations and "migration patterns" in the practices of database curators. It also outlines the strategies they use when facing collection‐level data migration and describes the limitations of existing tools in supporting LAM and "small science" research database migration. We conclude by outlining future research directions for the maintenance and migration of collections and complex digital objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our time many developed countries receive significant migration flows, but there is no political and public consensus about their positive impact on the economy of host countries. The particular disagreements concern the social policy, the problems of budgetary funds for the integration programs, benefits for immigrants, and the impact of immigration on the future of the economies of developed countries. The aim of the study is to identify the impact of migration of human capital on the sustainability of the socio-economic system More specifically, the papers looks at the following issues: the impact of international labour migration on the sustainability of developed economies; the most significant (on this topic) characteristics of the human capital of migrants, the impact of migration on host and donor countries, the impact of migration on social protection systems, a set of characteristics of both migration and the host country to assess the likely effects of migration (on the example of EU countries). The methodology of the research is based both on the review of scientific literature and on the theoretical analysis of economic theory in order to provide arguments for the economic benefits of human capital migration for both recipient and donors countries, and to systematize the benefits and costs of migration of human capital. Theoretical analysis showed that, on the one hand, the influx of migrants creates a burden on social protection systems, on the other hand, developed countries taking the main migration, need of labour force and must compete for human capital of high quality. Although the integration of refugees entails large preliminary short- and medium-term financial costs, if successful, it will bring financial benefits in the long term. It is shown that the migration of human capital leads to the formation of a diversity of labor resources as a factor of sustainability of the socioeconomic system. The findings and results of the study can be used for theoretical research and forecasting of social and economic change. Governmental organizations can use the results to improve the efficiency of social and migration programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper adds to the literature explaining migration decisions of individuals, with focus on individuals in the Buffalo, NY area. With 11 years of American Community Survey data, we estimate the impact of moving out of Buffalo on individuals' income, while controlling for demographic characteristics that might affect income. We find perhaps surprising results that individuals who move out of Buffalo tend to have lower incomes than those who stay. Though, results also indicate that females who move from Buffalo have higher incomes, on average, than those who remain in the Buffalo area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before Covid19, airport around the world are faced with limited capacity issues and predicting the passenger demand at the airport is vital for resource planning at various customer touch points ranging from check-in counters and immigration. In this case study, we use one-year historical data to forecast the departure demand for each airline and develop a simulation model to determine the number of check-in counters required to optimize the resource utilization at the airport. The overall objective of this paper is to uncover the real-world business problem in the classroom setting and the authors will share how to go through this case study in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- Since the Census in 2011, Croatia has seen a substantial population decline. Given the high contribution of tourism to the Croatian economy, this paper empirically analyses the relationship between population migration, namely total net migration and net migration abroad, and tourism activity. Methodology -- The research design of this paper is based on quantitative econometric panel data analysis using annual data for cities and municipalities in Croatia between 2002 and 2019. A one-way and two-way fixed effects model are used for the estimation of the regression model coefficients. Findings -- The set models provide insight into the relationship between net migration or migration abroad and tourism activity. Tourism can be seen as a generator of demographic change, especially in rural and less developed areas, as it generates employment opportunities and, thus, the opportunity for permanent residency. Contribution -- The main contribution of this paper is the novel use of such detailed data at the geographical level that spans over two decades. This generates empirical insights that hold high levels of external validity. A further important aspect of the paper is the analysis of the connection between population migration and tourism activity in the context of Croatia's accession to the European Union and verification of the theoretically grounded expectation that tourism activity as pull factor is positively related to population net migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of immigration on employment and unemployment of a host country. The question to answer is: How does employment/unemployment in the host country change after an increase in number of immigrants? The analysis is taking into account only legal immigrants in recession period. The model is combining classical regression of cross-sectional data with spatial econometrics models where cross-section dependencies are captured by a spatial matrix. The intention is by using spatial models analyse the sensitivity of employment/unemployment rate on change in a share of immigration in a region. The used panel data are based on the Labour force survey and on available macro data in Eurostat for 3 European countries (Germany, Austria and Czech Republic) grouped into cells by NUTS regions in a recession period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the communicative architecture of the border during Europe's 2015-16 "migration crisis". Drawing on fieldwork on the Greek island of Chios, the second biggest migrant entry point in South-Eastern Europe, the paper focusses on the border as a site where refugee and migrant reception takes place and where the parameters of Europe's ethico-political response to the "crisis" are set. The paper demonstrates that the continent's double norm of 'security and care' produces a new and highly ambivalent moral order, hospitability. Constituted through techno-symbolic networks of mediation, hospitability re-affirms dominant theorizations of the border as an order of power and exclusion but goes beyond these in highlighting micro-connections of compassion and solidarity that simultaneously co-exist with and attempt to challenge this order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Republic of Croatia joined the European Union, high hopes have been put into withdrawing money from EU funds. The Croatian economy has stagnated for years, especially after the global financial crisis in 2008. The following needs and priorities have been identified: to launch large infrastructure projects, increase employment, reduce young people's emigration, revive agriculture. This goals can be achieved with the help from EU funds because in the financial period 2014-2020 from European structural and investment funds Croatia has a total amount of 10,676 billion euros at its disposal. Allocation of funds for agriculture and rural development amounts to 2,026 billion euros. European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) is the financial instrument for this allocation. In order to be able to use EU funds, the Member State must adopt a strategic document that complies with EU policies, in this case, it is the Strategy of Rural Development of the Republic of Croatia. One of the measures in the rural development Programme is the LEADER measure which is used to finance Local Action Groups (LAGs) . Research in this paper is directed towards the LAG Cetinska Krajina. This LAG is located on the Dalmatian inland area and encompasses three cities and two municipalities. The goal of the LAG is, by using the bottom-up approach, to ensure the access to EU funds to all citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization and migration patterns have led to a significant intensification of the encounters between Europeans, on one hand, and Arabs and Muslims, on the other. Increasingly, politics, economics and culture transcend national boundaries, but the relations between Europe and the Arab and Islamic worlds are threatened by polarization and hostility. Grounded on theories of sociology, pedagogy and cognition, this paper presents a mobile app that seeks to promote mutual knowledge and understanding by highlighting the associations between the two sides, driven by the commonalities and disparities between the historical characters of Richard I of England and Salah ad-Din. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why has family reunification policy in the UK and U.S. diverged since key immigration reforms were enacted in the mid-twentieth century? In distinction to previous scholarship, this paper explains this divergence through reference to the context-specific racialization of the immigrant family. Due to their shared position as aspiring hegemons in a postcolonial world-system shaped by Cold War geopolitics, American and British immigration policymakers entered the 1960s reform era faced with the same fundamental policy problematic: how to construct racially discriminatory national immigration systems without recourse to racially discriminatory legislation. In the U.S., the immigrant family was racialized as white, and family reunification was seen as nonthreatening. Because of this, building the 1965 immigration system on family reunification provided a colorblind mechanism to enact legislation which in fact had racially discriminatory intentions. In the UK, on the other hand, the immigrant family was racialized as nonwhite, and family reunification was deemed threatening to postcolonial nation-building. Drawing attention to this cross-national difference in the racialized origins of liberal democratic family reunification policy complicates and critically extends recent feminist literature on the role of "family ideation" in the politics of immigration policymaking. This paper also provides an analytic framework for understanding the incorporation of racist and racialized modes of exclusion and immigrant-selection in post-1960s liberal-democratic immigration regimes, and the central role ideas of the "family" played in legislating this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The migration of UAC's became headline news during 2014 due to a drastic increase in the number of children detained by Customs and Border Protection at the U.S.-Mexico border. The majority of these children came from and continue to come from three Central American countries: Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador. Among these migrant children, Guatemalan indigenous Mayan children stand out due their cultural and social differences. This paper will make the case that Guatemalan Indigenous migrant children comprise a population that deserves to be more carefully studied. First, I will explore available data to estimate the proportion of Guatemalan indigenous children that make up the total number of children detained by Border Patrol. Second, I will describe specific issues that these indigenous children face once detained. The ultimate purpose of this paper is to draw attention to Mayan child migrants and to suggest areas for further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Richard Hofstader's 1964 essay "The Paranoid Style in American Politics" has drawn increased attention over the past decade as a way to describe the increasingly strident rhetoric from the American political right. This paper argues that many of the modern applications of Hofstader tend to emphasize the seemingly irrational nature of the right-wing to the detriment of theorizing right-wing politics. The paper's historical case study of the Republican Party in Texas over the past two decades suggests ways in which the paranoid style can be a reflection of structural issues related to party politics, rather than a reflection of psychological tendencies of individuals. This insight can help push examinations of the right-wing's increasingly strident rhetoric on immigration and other touchstone cultural issues, away from psychological explanations and toward the ways in which political systems can produce structural incentives toward the seemingly "irrational" politics that Hofstadter pointed out over fifty years ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three bodies of literature most fundamental to a critical assessment of Latina/os in the United States are Racism (Critical Race Theory), international migration, and globalization. These three bodies of literature taken together birth our ability to understand and further conceptualize Latino/as in a way that levels the playing field by simultaneously stripping away racialized bias and refocusing the unit of analysis away from individuals and onto the world-economy wherein everyone, not just Latino/as, plays a role. The premise of this paper suggests that such a combined approach necessitates a rethinking of Latina/os in the United States by requiring a change of focus away from "illegal" or undocumented migration, "English only," and other presumptive and oppressive racializations of Latino/as, by highlighting US involvement in Latin America, thus humanizing Latino/a experiences and shifting the focus onto Human Rights. This paper stems from a larger, primarily ethnographic research project on the Anti-Immigrant Movement wherein over 50 interviews with both anti-and pro-immigrant activists have been conducted. The fusion of the three bodies of literature is demonstrated via an analysis of racism targeting Latina/os and immigrants by the Anti-Immigrant Movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, foreign labor migration has been a common livelihood strategy for young Nepali men. Increasingly, young women have migrated abroad for work as well in spite of a number of gender discriminatory migration laws that limit women's access to legal labor migration channels. To what extent out-migration will be employed by women as a livelihood strategy in the post-earthquake context remains to be seen. This paper focuses specifically on young women's migration decision-making in the immediate aftermath of the April/May earthquakes. Using survey data collected from two districts in July 2015 - one severely earthquake-affected district and one less-affected district - the research is guided by a vulnerabilities approach to disasters. This paper considers how the April/May earthquakes have affected young women migrants' decision-making processes around future migration as a livelihood strategy and how the current gender discriminatory migration laws may exacerbate women labor migrants' existing vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poland has a relatively short history of immigration compared to other member states of the European Union. However, in recent decades, the number of foreigners in Poland has increased significantly. Intercultural relations may take the form of hostility, conflict, antagonism, segregation, separation, neutral co-presence, partial social adaptation, avoidance, withdrawal, alienation, marginalisation, integration, assimilation or acculturation. This paper is dedicated to an integration model. The author describes the phenomenon of migration and social inclusion of foreigners in Poland. The author also distinguishes factors and entities, which are important for the process of social inclusion. At the end of the paper the author highlights the different needs of Polish society. They cover, dialogue with foreigners, the creation, and an increase in social awareness, of an integration policy for foreigners learning about multiculturalism and allowing foreigners the opportunity to participate and play active roles within all areas of Polish society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the patriotic behavior of the Russian emigration in Europe during the Second World War. Having fled from Russia after the October revolution and civil war, they mostly were regarded as opposite to the Soviet regime. However every Russian emigrant thought of his motherland and called himself patriot. It was not easy for the participants of the events to distinguish patriotic feelings from the pseudo patriotic views. Nevertheless, the threat of invasion of the Nazi troops to the USSR made many Russians abroad to feel high willingness to defend their motherland and support Bolsheviks. The author draws attention to such issues as participation of the foreigners in the European Resistance movement, cooperation between Russian emigrants and Soviet prisoners-of-war. The author examines how the patriotic feelings of Russian refugees inspired patriotic feelings among the French, the British etc. For instance, the "March of Partisans" was written by Anna Marly after the Stalingrad battle and performed by her in the British canteen, but the song became the hymn of the French partisans and was highly estimated by Charles de Gaulle. The author comes to conclusion that true patriotism crosses the national borders in defending universal values and that is the main difference between patriots and pseudo patriots using high rhetoric in low aims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The actual migration crisis is gradually changing the substance of the EU, as its effects in a considerable way those cardinal fields of the Union's acquis, which create the core of the area of freedom, security and justice. This current phenomena has a lot of the dimensions - social, political, economic, moral and others. The paper will deal only with the legal problems of the current migration crisis. Particularly, I will focus on the examination of some legal aspects of current Union's regulation on the migration, its gaps, weakness and insufficiency, as well as on the eventual future prospects and the potential ways of their legal solutions. Especially, it will be analysed the impacts of the Council's Decision 2015/1601 of 22 September 2015, which introduced the system of quotas. In this respect the difference between the relocation and resettlement is examined. Also the difference in status of refugees and the persons under the subsidiary protection is analysed. The essential part of the contribution creates the analysis of the relevant case-law of the Court of Justice of the EU, especially those cases, which are dealing with the interpretation of the relevant terms in the intention of Directive 2011/95/EU. Particularly those concepts relating to the obligation of the persons under international protection to stay in the certain geographically restricted area. The concept of analogical provisions of the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of refugees is also examined. The end of the paper is dedicated to the proposals de lege ferenda and the ways how to solve the actual relevant legal problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In some member states the economy is on the upswing and unemployment is low, in others the economy is in a downturn and unemployment is high. As the European Union guarantees free movement for persons, labor market mobility provides for the necessary adjustment. If there are no jobs in one country, workers will relocate to another with better employment prospects. The main question discussed in this study is the extent to which this intra-EU highly qualified labour mobility reflects an emerging brain drain and gain within the EU. The objective of this paper is to offer a better understanding of the situation on emigration, with a focus on the emigration of the university-educated individuals, from different European countries. This paper briefly describe the concepts of brain drain and brain gain and their implications in the EU context and an based on the analysis of data processed from Eurostat, OECD and various scientific studies on the movement of workers subsequently provide an overview of intra-EU immigration flows and stocks among the 28 EU member states. This question is investigated in more detail in a selection of country studies covering three regions facing contrasting experiences with intra-EU highly qualified labour mobility: a.) western Europe, which is the region with the largest intra-EU immigration flows; b.) central and eastern Europe (hereafter CEE), which has been facing large intra-EU emigration flows since the implementation of free movement rights; and c.) southern European countries. The movement of high-skilled workers is difficult to trace and to assess, what is a topic for further socio-economic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the results of a pilot study, which aims to identify the discourse of migration in the context of creative marketing campaigns of a non-commercial character. Additionally, the study focuses on the use of the migration theme as an insight (main idea) in the creative campaigns; it seeks to define the secondary issues and the framework contextually connected to migration theme and migrants, i.e. to identify the special content and features that are significant in this type of campaign by analyzing the specific examples of creative marketing campaigns during the migration crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discussed the vector style delay of SI model with immigration. Thus, we have to obtain the unique solutions of Equilibrium of SI model with delay. Also, this paper we derive the solutions of local and global stability for asymptotically stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Confident that the 2012 election had ushered in a new day in Latino politics, national Latino advocates immediately sought to seize the moment and translate electoral results into concrete political gains. Their major priority was comprehensive immigration reform, which they believed was finally in reach. Zeroing in on beltway politics, this paper--a draft chapter for book manuscript--analyzes Latino advocacy for immigration reform in post-2012 period, paying close attention to the role of temporality and specifically, demographic futures, in efforts for and against reform. Although expectations were high, advocates quickly encountered serious challenges to their agenda. Beyond their control were internal shifts within the Republican Party and a public retreat from the election's narrative about the power of the "Latino vote," bolstered by new electoral data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]