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These proceedings contain the papers and posters of the 13th International Conference on Mobile Learning 2017, which was organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), in Budapest, Hungary, April 10-12, 2017. The Mobile Learning 2017 Conference seeks to provide a forum for the presentation and discussion of mobile learning research which illustrates developments in the field. Full papers presented in these proceedings include: (1) Design of a Prototype Mobile Application to Make Mathematics Education More Realistic (Dawid B. Jordaan, Dorothy J. Laubscher, and A. Seugnet Blignaut); (2) Tablets and Applications to Tell Mathematics' History in High School (Eduardo Jesus Dias, Carlos Fernando Araujo, Jr., and Marcos Andrei Ota); (3) Assessing the Potential of LevelUp as a Persuasive Technology for South African Learners (Nhlanhla A. Sibanyoni and Patricia M. Alexander); (4) #Gottacatchemall: Exploring Pokemon Go in Search of Learning Enhancement Objects (Annamaria Cacchione, Emma Procter-Legg, and Sobah Abbas Petersen); (5) A Framework for Flipped Learning (Jenny Eppard and Aicha Rochdi); (6) The Technology Acceptance of Mobile Applications in Education (Mark Anthony Camilleri and Adriana Caterina Camilleri); (7) Engaging Children in Diabetes Education through Mobile Games (Nilufar Baghaei, John Casey, David Nandigam, Abdolhossein Sarrafzadeh, and Ralph Maddison); (8) A Mobile Application for User Regulated Self-Assessments (Fotis Lazarinis, Vassilios S. Verykios, and Chris Panagiotakopoulos); and (9) Acceptance of Mobile Learning at SMEs of the Service Sector (Marc Beutner and Frederike Anna Rüscher). Short papers presented include: (1) Possible Potential of Facebook to Enhance Learners' Motivation in Mobile Learning Environment (Mehwish Raza); (2) D-Move: A Mobile Communication Based Delphi for Digital Natives to Support Embedded Research (Otto Petrovic); (3) Small Private Online Research: A Proposal for a Numerical Methods Course Based on Technology Use and Blended Learning (Francisco Javier Delgado Cepeda); (4) Experimenting with Support of Mobile Touch Devices for Pupils with Special Educational Needs (Vojtech Gybas, Katerina Kostolányová, and Libor Klubal); (5) Mobile Learning in the Theater Arts Classroom (Zihao Li); (6) Nomophobia: Is Smartphone Addiction a Genuine Risk for Mobile Learning? (Neil Davie and Tobias Hilber); (7) Analysis of Means for Building Context-Aware Recommendation System for Mobile Learning (Larysa Shcherbachenko and Samuel Nowakowski); (8) RunJumpCode: An Educational Game for Educating Programming (Matthew Hinds, Nilufar Baghaei, Pedrito Ragon, Jonathon Lambert, Tharindu Rajakaruna, Travers Houghton, and Simon Dacey); (9) Readiness for Mobile Learning: Multidisciplinary Cases from Yaroslavl State University (Vladimir Khryashchev, Natalia Kasatkina, and Dmitry Sokolenko); and (10) The M-Learning Experience of Language Learners in Informal Settings (Emine Sendurur, Esra Efendioglu, Neslihan Yondemir Çaliskan, Nomin Boldbaatar, Emine Kandin, and Sevinç Namazli). Reflection papers presented include: (1) New Model of Mobile Learning for the High School Students Preparing for the Unified State Exam (Airat Khasianov and Irina Shakhova); (2) Re-Ment--Reverse Mentoring as a Way to Deconstruct Gender Related Stereotypes in ICT (Kathrin Permoser); (3) Academic Success Foundation: Enhancing Academic Integrity through Mobile Learning (Alice Schmidt Hanbidge, Amanda Mackenzie, Nicole Sanderson, Kyle Scholz, and Tony Tin); (4) Using Tablet and iTunesU as Individualized Instruction Tools (Libor Klubal, Katerina Kostolányová, and Vojtech Gybas); (5) DuoLibras--An App Used for Teaching-Learning of Libras (Erick Nilson Sodré Filho, Lucas Gomes dos Santos, Aristóteles Esteves Marçal da Silva, Nidyana Rodrigues Miranda de Oliveira e Oliveira, Pedro Kislansky, and Marisete da Silva Andrade); (6) Educators Adopting M-Learning: Is It Sustainable in Higher Education? (Nicole Sanderson and Alice Schmidt Hanbidge); and (7) M-Kinyarwanda: Promoting Autonomous Language Learning through a Robust Mobile Application (Emmanuel Bikorimana, Joachim Rutayisire, Mwana Said Omar, and Yi Sun). Posters include: (1) Design of Mobile E-Books as a Teaching Tool for Diabetes Education (Sophie Huey-Ming Guo); and (2) Reading While Listening on Mobile Devices: An Innovative Approach to Enhance Reading (Aicha Rochdi and Jenny Eppard). The Doctoral Consortium includes: How Can Tablets Be Used for Meaning-Making and Learning (Liv Lofthus). Individual papers include references, and an Author Index is included.

The aim of the paper is to identify suitable methods of education for individual types of voluntary further corporate professional education, which could be applied also when changing the physical teaching environment to virtual or hybrid learning environment, and to propose the methods of education suitable for companies and attractive for the participants of the corporate trainings. In the empirical research, the questionnaire method and the interview method were applied. The respondents (140) were selected from two sections of the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities of the Slovak Republic, SK NACE Rev.2. The research results presented in the tables characterize the types of education in relation to the educational methods applied in the companies analyzed. The suitability of education methods is characterized also in terms of teaching environments, the physical, virtual and hybrid environments. The results of the research confirm that the methods of education affect the interest of the participants in all types of education. [For the complete volume, "NORDSCI International Conference Proceedings: 5th Anniversary Edition (Sofia, Bulgaria, October 17-19, 2022). Book 1. Volume 5," see ED625663.]

The paper details a course offering that centers on student transformational experience and self-efficacy growth in an international environment by merging business, entrepreneurship and cultural experiences. Self-efficacy is achieved through both a mastery experience, mastering a task and controlling the environment, and vicarious experience through observation of people and activities. An inexpensive but very effective combination of multi-cultural virtual and in situ team work with a strong cultural component provides the transformational experience. Originally involving only two universities, one in China and one in the United Sates, the course has expanded over the years of its existence to four participating universities, each representing a different continent. The virtual pre-travel component, which was always an important part of the course design, became especially prominent during the COVID-19 pandemic. The advantages and challenges associated with the course design and implementation are discussed. [For the full proceedings, see ED622227.]

Opportunity Identification (OI) is one of the key entrepreneurial capabilities targeted in most entrepreneurship education programs. The most frequently used technique for facilitating business OI in entrepreneurship courses is brainstorming. Previous findings indicated the positive effect of hybrid (individual and group) settings on overall brainstorming outcomes, i.e., quality and quantity of the generated ideas, compared to only individual or group settings. However, to date, no study has explored the effect of hybrid brainstorming sessions on individual idea-generation skills outside the group, a possibility labelled "group-to-individual transfer". This study aims to fill this gap by conducting an experimental study with 33 bachelor's and master's students who attended an entrepreneurship course at a Dutch university. A repeated measurement study design is used to explore the effect of group idea generation on individual performance outside the group. Based on this design, students passed three phases, i.e., (1) individual, (2) group, and (3) individual idea generation, using an online platform, and the measurement was taken after the individual idea generation phases. The findings indicated that individual idea generation after the group work resulted in fewer comprehensible business ideas but with a higher rate of concrete ideas that were more innovative compared to ideas generated before the group work. [For the full proceedings, see ED630948.]

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the entrepreneurial leadership as one of the modern styles of leadership in organizations. The concept of entrepreneurship constantly increases in business organizations and in educational systems. Large and strong businesses around the globe today are borne out of the creativity and effort of start-ups. Analysing the profile of the entrepreneur and the role in organizations as entrepreneurial leaders show that there is a close relationship between the concept of entrepreneurship and the exploration of opportunities which the entrepreneurial leader bases on innovation, risk-taking and adaptability to change. To run successful organizations, managers must have both leadership and entrepreneurial skills. The main motivation of entrepreneurial leaders is in their strive to create and explore social, environmental and economic opportunities. The concept of entrepreneurial leadership is relevant to academic knowledge in that, it is a new stream being developed and written literature on this topic is increasing per year. The work will aim to employ quantitative and qualitative research methods, firstly, to gain prior knowledge and secondly, to ascertain the views of the participants on their entrepreneurial leadership styles and impact on the success of their business ventures. The findings of the research will form the basis for future research for the aspiring doctorate degree in the field.

This paper discusses our experiences teaching a doctoral-level course in emerging information technologies. The concept of emerging technologies is put into context by describing the technology life cycle. The emerging information technologies of current interest -- Artificial Intelligence and related areas, Collective Human-Computer Intelligence, Blockchain, Quantum Computing, Cybersecurity, Biometrics, and Internet Platform Businesses -- are described and the distinctions among them explained. We conclude that teaching emerging information technologies is an area rich with opportunity for growth. [For the full proceedings, see ED596991.]

Globalization continues to influence the focus, method, and pace of education across different levels. This paper draws attention to the challenges globalization poses and its impact on the individual and learning. Also, highlighting a "new school structure" based on the logical relation between transformative emancipatory learning and critical pedagogy. The new structure uses problem-based classrooms to cultivate students as co-creators of useable knowledge. The paper draws extensively from Freire's liberating pedagogy and concludes that it is the task of educators to change the educational school structures and pedagogy. To set students free from the ontological bondage of the neoliberal, market-dominated societal construct accentuated by globalization. [For the full proceedings, see ED597456.]

The introduction of a learning organisation model brings many benefits to organisations. To evaluate whether it is a learning organisation, the Marsick and Watkins Dimensions of a Learning Organisation Questionnaire can be used. In the Czech Republic, only a few studies have been conducted using this questionnaire. The aim of this paper is to compare the IT sector and the education sector in terms of learning time and assessment of the individual dimensions of the learning organisation by Marsick and Watkins. In 2018 and 2019, studies with the Dimensions of a Learning Organisation Questionnaire focusing on the IT sector and the education sector (secondary schools) were conducted in the Czech Republic. In total, 201 respondents from the IT sector and 121 respondents from secondary schools participated in the study. When comparing the time spent on self-education in both sectors, it is clear that the employees spend 1 to 20 hours per month with self-education, while in the IT sector common employees dedicate more to self-education, executives dedicate more to self-education in the education system. When comparing the average values of the dimensions of a learning organisation in relation to the time spent on self-education, the results in both sectors are very similar. It can be argued that the assessment of individual dimensions increases with the time spent on self-education up to 20 hours per month. The biggest difference in average values can be seen in Dimension 4, while the smallest difference on average dimension can be seen in Dimension 7. [For the complete proceedings, see ED608557.]

Nowadays, any modern company or organization is focusing on the strategic management of human resources, many of them through dedicated applications, enabling the attraction and the retention of the best employees and a better management of human resources in general. Studies have been conducted showing that training represents a source of motivation for the human resources and a large number of the employees in general are feeling motivated by non-material benefits, one of the most important of those being the possibility of developing new skills, through training. The training methods are pursuing at the present moment two main trends: first, a part of the companies will get in touch with external companies, whose specialization is based on training and team building, and second, the other part of the companies will hire people that have the task of providing that specific training. Given the advantages known about the modern learning platforms, like diminishing the costs by eliminating transportation costs, the possibility to make modifications on the information provided, the collaboration between learners, the fact that it can be done anywhere at any time, this article aims to find out what is the degree of e-learning platforms implementation within companies in Romania. At the same time, this paper will present the employers' perception on e-learning, identifying and measuring it by means of a questionnaire, analyzing the human commitment degree due to the training, showing the benefits of developing new skills and how this is influencing their evolution. [For the complete proceedings, see ED590269.]

Teaching an online fully asynchronous information technology course that requires students to ideate, build an e-commerce website, and develop an effective business plan involves a well-developed and highly engaging course design. This paper describes the design, development, and implementation of such a course and presents information on students' learning effectiveness and challenges associated with managing a course using this approach. [For the complete proceedings, see ED579335.]

The author has attended and presented at most ASCUE meetings since 1994, and has worked professionally in research and development, industry, military, government, business, and private and public academia--moving between computer science, software engineering, and business fields at both the undergraduate and graduate level, and even running academic computing for a few years. This paper/session will present/discuss definitions, implications, and relationships of and between the areas of computer science, software engineering, information technology, and business information systems. Included will be perspectives of the history of the past, specific needs of the present, and general directions and predictions of the future, and the implications to academia, business, and other areas. [For the full proceedings, see ED575713.]

The study was carried out to access the activities of Idia renaissance skill acquisition programme in enhancing livelihood among women in Benin City. The need for the study arose as a result of the rising cases of unemployment, poverty, human trafficking, experienced in Benin City. The study was guided by four research questions and three null hypotheses. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of 150 women, 135 of them were adult learners who were registered in the programme, while 15 of them have graduated and established their businesses. The researcher used the entire population for the study because they were readily accessible and manageable, no sampling was done. The data for this study was obtained using a questionnaire. The findings revealed that IRSAP was effective in providing skills in hair dressing, cosmetology and bead making. It was recommended among others that the Government should expand and extend IRSAP programme to all the 18 local governments in the State. Finally, The State Government should continue to assist the trainees with micro credit loan after learning a skill at the Centre. This will encourage many vulnerable people in our society to enrol in the programme. [For the full proceedings, see ED613257.]

Multicultural organizations can be central to mitigate organizational situations in which envy could potentially flourish, therefore contributing to fostering organizational conduct that leads to institutional social responsibility. The paper focuses on the inner workings of organizations related to their leaders' understanding of what the expression "social responsibility" means. The article highlights how envy among its members could be tackled in order to boost social responsibility, and promote social justice. The paper analyses institutional leaders' discourses from an enterprise and from a higher education institution (HEI), gleaning their meaning of social responsibility and their perceptions of their role in challenging envy as part of that social responsibility agenda. In order to challenge envy and promote fair conducts and social responsibility, the role of positive multicultural leaders and the strengthening of an organizational collective identity should be emphasized. The findings suggest that organizations need to be better equipped in order to face organizational turbulences detrimental to the social responsibility success, by focusing on cultural diversity and retention of good workforce as part of their social responsibility and social justice remit. The paper discusses social responsibility in a way that goes beyond the hitherto prevalent focus on environmental concerns and corporate accountability. Also, it is relevant comparatively in that it shows aspects to be addressed for the success of social responsibility in international contexts. [For the complete Volume 13, Number 1 proceedings, see ED568595.]

Digital Natives are raised with computers and the Internet, which are a familiar part of their daily life. To gain insights into their attitude and behavior, methods and media for empirical research face new challenges like gamification, context oriented embedded research, integration of multiple data sources, and the increased importance of personal data. The paper presents and evaluates a method based on Delphi technique, which integrates multimedia data capturing in the field with multi-round face-to-face discussions. As the front end, a very fast and fuzzy platform was implemented, which is currently being used by over 100 million Digital Natives. It allows teaching the participants to use embedded research and to understand the impact of self-monitoring for health and fitness on business models, which was one central aim of the supported course. Additionally, it is used to gain insights into Digital Natives' attitude and behavior. [For the complete proceedings, see ED579190.]

The premise of Computing Education for Sustainability (CEfS) is examined. CEfS is described as a leverage discipline, where the handprint is much larger than the footprint. The potential of this leverage is described and the development of the field explored. Unfortunately CEfS is found not to be making sufficient impact in terms of a contribution at scale to system change actions resulting in restorative socio-ecological transformation. The paper considers why this might be, and what could be done about it. Two inspirations are described--a case study of a learner with an ambitious change aspiration, and a values-driven business. These lead to the presentation of an alternative model which while not exhaustive, is intended to provoke debate about the nature of computing education for sustainability. [For full proceedings, see ED571459.]

Mobile commerce has provided extended business opportunities for online organisations and made it easier for customers to purchase products on-line from anywhere at any time. However, there are several risks associated with it, especially the identity theft. Online organisations commonly use electronic commerce approaches; however, these have some limitations in the m-commerce. This paper presents an evaluation of the approaches used in identity theft prevention and suggests guidelines to overcome the weaknesses in m-commerce. A case study approach, with semi-structured interviews was used as the data collection method. Thematic analysis method was adopted for the interpretation of the qualitative data. Themes and codes were created in relation to the processes, methods, approaches, activities and tools used for identity theft prevention. The results show that online organisations are using same approaches of identity theft prevention for all online business transactions, while m-commerce has some unique characteristics for which e-commerce arrangements are not effective. On the other hand, these arrangements are not evaluated for their effectiveness in m-commerce. This study suggests for the assessment of identity theft prevention system for effective functionality in m-commerce and forward guidelines for evaluation of the system in m-commerce. This study makes an important contribution by suggesting strategies for identity theft prevention in m-commerce. [For full proceedings, see ED571459.]

Facebook is currently one of the most popular platforms for online social networking among university students. The ever-growing prevalence of Facebook has led business educators to explore what role social networking technology might play in business training and professional development. Nonetheless, much is left to be learned about how Facebook is influencing student learning in the area of business communication. This paper examined the effect on learners' satisfaction of incorporating Facebook into business communication courses. A total of 147 undergraduate students from a national university in Taiwan participated in this web-supported study. To analyze the students' reflection quantitatively, a survey was employed. The findings showed that the incorporation of Facebook into coursework effectively assisted students' learning of business communication. Facebook worked as the social glue that connected students together in a learning community, provided opportunities for sharing, and transformed students' learning attitudes towards their business presentation projects. Students deepened their understanding of content knowledge learning not only from the class input but also via peer feedback activities on Facebook. In addition to the benefits gained, care should be taken not to over-privilege Facebook. Weighing the balance between social networking practice on Facebook and face-to-face interaction in class, pedagogical suggestions and recommendations are addressed for future pedagogical use and research direction. [For full proceedings, see ED565087.]

These proceedings contain the papers of the International Conference e-Learning 2018, which was organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society, 17-19 July, 2018. This conference is part of the Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems 2018, 17-20 July, which had a total of 617 submissions. The e-Learning (EL) 2018 conference aims to address the main issues of concern within e-Learning. This conference covers both technical as well as the non-technical aspects of e-Learning. The conference accepted submissions in the following seven main areas: (1) Organisational Strategy and Management Issues; (2) Technological Issues; (3) e-Learning Curriculum Development Issues; (4) Instructional Design Issues; (5) e-Learning Delivery Issues; (6) e-Learning Research Methods and Approaches; and (7) e-Skills and Information Literacy for Learning. Besides the presentation of full, short and reflection papers, tutorial and doctoral consortium, the conference also included two keynote speakers, Prof. Dr. Rosa M. Carro, Head of the Department of Computer Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain, and Prof. Dr. Ana Fernández-Pampillón Cesteros, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. An author index is provided and individual papers include references.

Countries in the Gulf represent thriving, globally important commercial centres. They have embraced technology and modern management methods, often originating in the western countries. In adapting to quite different cultures these do not always operate as successfully. The adoption and practices of the Information Security Risk Management (ISRM) frameworks are an example. Although ISRM has become a standard in information security for much of the world, its uptake in the Gulf countries has been poor. This study tests the possibility that this may be due to cultural "biases" built into the operation and structure of the framework. Using a Design Science approach it aims to develop a modified ISRM framework that incorporates a cultural dimension. This will lead to an increased acceptance of ISRM in Gulf countries, and also to allowing it to be used in other non-western cultures. Centring on Saudi Arabia as a typical example of a Gulf culture, a qualitative approach will be adopted. Data will be collected through structured interviews with information security experts in Saudi Arabian organisations, system integrators and vendors. These will focus on cultural dimensions of parts of the ISRM framework and business responses that result. The modified framework developed through this method will be confirmed using focus groups. [For full proceedings, see ED571459.]

Environmental problems such as climate change, pollution, non-sustainable energy, resource depletion, and recycling Information Technology (IT) devices considered the biggest glitches which are facing developed and developing countries. IT devices have become a critical issue due to the great amount of environmental damage caused by IT companies from consumption of resources, raw materials, energy, and waste disposal. To tackle this problem, sustainability strategies have become crucial in Information Technology (IT) organizations--private and public. Sustainability and Green Information Technology (Green IT) have been introduced to reduce these environmental issues and increase the sectors' needs in a direction away from older IT. Green IT and sustainability aspects are essential to reduce the environmental damages that run rampant in developed countries such as Australia, USA, and the UK. However, in developing countries such as Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, China, and India, there are difficulties in applying Green IT models since they were introduced to meet the developed countries' needs especially in GCC. Currently, the organisations in GCC countries do not consider sustainability in their strategy to reduce the environmental impacts; however, GCC countries are causing a great deal of environmental damage due to their economic growth in different sectors such as oil, gas, and telecommunications. Furthermore, GCC countries are sharing the same policies to achieve the financial stability and change in the oil market. Thus, this research aims to develop a Green IT model for GCC in IT departments to reduce the environmental impacts. A mixed-methods approach will be employed to assess the GCC's needs and to examine the new model. [For full proceedings, see ED571459.]

Universities need to keep up with the demand of the business world when it comes to Big Data. The exponential increase in data has put additional demands on academia to meet the big gap in education. Business demand for Big Data has surpassed 1.9 million positions in 2015. Big Data, Business Intelligence, Data Analytics, and Data Mining are the four main branches of data analysis. These areas intertwine, overlap, and clearly depend on each other. This study endeavors to examine the concepts, tools, and techniques of these topics through an introductory class in Big Data. After serious efforts and examination, this study found Data Analytics to be the most suitable topic. One main reason for making this choice included the need to teach the students how to ask questions when they manipulate large amounts of data. The other reason is the availability of PowerPivot and DAX as an Add-In to MS Excel. Most students are familiar with MS Excel, since it is readily available to them. The tools, the techniques, the built-in functions, PivotTables, and DAX, as a formula language, will allow students to experiment with a million rows of data resulting in a rich and rewarding learning environment. The class will also cover the other areas of Big Data and their relationships. Students should become Big Data literate by the time they finish the class successfully. [For full proceedings, see ED570898.]

The article discusses the shortcomings of the methodology of neoclassical theory as a basic theory determining the content of contemporary economic theory course at Russian educational institutions namely unrealistic conditions of perfect competition, rationality of economic behavior of business entities, completeness and authenticity of commercially relevant information, consideration of exclusively quantitative characteristics of economic processes and phenomena without regard to their essential characteristics and patterns of evolution, unjustified simplification of the analyzed subject for the clarity of material presentation in graphical models. Indicated preconditions of economic analysis reduce the scientific and practical value of the teaching material of similar quality. The problem concerning the lack of a single strictly consistent terminology in the Russian textbooks on this subject by various authors that hinders mastering of the learning material by the students is also emphasized. In order to achieve scientific consistency and practical significance of the economic theory course it is proposed to link it mainly on the basis of the ideas proclaimed by the classical school of political economy, German historical school, Keynesianism in relation to the reasoning of the state regulation directions, American classical institutionalism, German ordoliberalism. At the end of the article the need to strengthen the budget financing of the educational process in modern Russia and return to the strict competitive selection of applicants are discussed. [For the complete Volume 13, Number 2 proceedings, see ED568600.]

The discussion on economically sustainable business models with respect to information technology is lacking in many aspects of proven approaches. In the following contribution the economic viability is valued based on a procedural model for design and evaluation of e-learning business models in the form of a case study. As a case study object a blended learning continuing education course is used. It is provided by a small technology-based education service provider, a typical representative of small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) in the German education market. The focus of the results discussion is the entrepreneurial attractiveness of such business models and recommendations for further studies [For full proceedings, see ED557189.]

Disney's animated films have long been a significant source of entertainment for children across the world, and the global reach of Disney has only increased since the company's extremely lucrative acquisition of Pixar, a merger that has produced some of the highest-grossing films of all time. However, while animated Disney films are renowned for their stimulating visual pleasures and nostalgia-inducing depictions of childhood innocence, the viewing public has become increasingly aware that "behind all those cute characters, that family fun, and that nearly impenetrable aura is another avaricious multinational corporation" (Budd & Kirsch, 2005, p. 3). While the Disney brand persists as a pervasive and ubiquitous force in children's visual cultures around the world as Pixar continues to break box-office records, critics and social theorists have recognized Disney films as racially problematic, working as visual texts that both mask and reinforce institutional racism through the commodification of white supremacy. Borrowing from Hurley's (2005) work on the importance of fairy tale images on the ways that children of color internalize white privilege, I examine some of Pixar's most recent films as visual texts that shape children's ideas about race. Through the normalization of White language, culture, and beauty standards, these films serve as racial pedagogies that both reinforce structural and institutional racism and maintain status quo ideologies. I explore what critical readings of these films as visual texts reveal about their power to 'teach' viewers about diverse racial identities and examine how viewers might employ racial counter-gazes to disrupt hegemonic readings of these films. As ideological and pedagogical texts, Disney films provide multiple entry points for critical discussions about how race is represented in the media. However, these discussions are often emotionally complicated by the realization that these films have been sources of knowledge construction, visual pleasure, and the ephemeral 'magic' of childhood nostalgia for even their harshest critics. As Budd and Kirsch (2005) note, "Disney critics implicitly had to try to understand why people, perhaps including at least part of themselves, actually liked, even needed Disney--without attacking, demonizing, or condescending to those people" (p. 12). Thus, participants in any critical discussion must acknowledge that the problematic racial politics of Disney films do not necessarily preclude these films' affective and emotional pleasures, or even the more positive and wholesome messages they may convey on other levels; indeed, the coexistence of all these elements reveal Disney films as complex discursive spaces with multiple possibilities for pedagogical engagement. However, while Disney's animated films have, as visual texts, served to mask the institutional entrenchments of racism while silently reinforcing them through a history of stereotyped and Othered representations of non-White identities, they are also complex discursive spaces providing openings for alternative and oppositional pedagogies due to their ability to be read through--and complicated by--multiple racial gazes.

This paper explores how theoretically distancing ecosystem types such as innovation and business ecosystems are in practice interrelated through co-evolution. The aim is to explore different paths for creating novel business in an innovation ecosystem and identify related drivers and barriers. The research methodology is a qualitative case study. The case consisted of 21 partners in an innovation ecosystem for smart water network management. Data was gathered in workshops and in-depth interviews. The analysis followed three paths from innovation to business ecosystems 1) Building joint offering for customers 2) Scaling-up to new markets or industries 3) Shaping actively (novel) markets and business opportunities. The findings indicate that barriers are linked to the actors' various, often conflicting, expectations on ecosystem collaboration and to the compatibility of different technological solutions. The drivers include understanding market dynamics and acknowledging dependencies on other stakeholders. The conceptual framework will help scholars in understanding the scattered field, and practitioners in designing more efficient mechanisms for boosting novel business opportunities in their ecosystem work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has swiftly emerged as a transformative, dynamism and reforming numerous facets our lives. According to the International Data Corporation report spending on AI is projected to reach $97.9 billion by 2023. It means businesses across different industries embrace AI technology to improve their operations, gain a competitive edge, and unlock new opportunities for business. However, the increasing adoption of AI in business also pretence some challenges that must be addressed. In this article discussed the future of artificial intelligence, its opportunities, and identified major challenges in presents for business. This paper delivers insights into the current state of AI adoption and its potential for future growth to drive important progresses in business operations, including enlarged production, cost savings, and enriched decision-making. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for businesses looking to accept AI and highlights the need for a collective approach between businesses, policymakers, and other stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dexteropreneurship is a new concept that supplies a new view of the ambidexterity of entrepreneurship and thinking that can reveal the configuration of proactive, innovative, and risk-taking in the ambidexterity of an entrepreneur's activities. Based on the topic' novelty, there has been no term' conceptualization and a merged view of dexteropreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to discuss dexteropreneurship through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which develop a conceptualization that purpose to have a better understanding of how entrepreneurs balance exploratory and exploitative processes and how to configure entrepreneurship to support exploitation and exploitation. Derived from this, this paper aims to provide literature based on conceptualization providing a practical implementation for practitioners along with a research agenda that is a valuable contribution to new paradigms and possible future research of dexteropreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to argue for the mandatory reporting of cyber-attacks on critical U.S. infrastructure, industries, and companies to the Department of Defense (DoD) for the DoD to improve national security through a clearer understanding of the threats and how to position the U.S. for better defense. The paper will first discuss who will be subject to mandatory reporting and propose a template for the requirements of reporting such as the turnaround time to report and the details needed from the attack. The paper will provide an argument showing the benefit to the DoD requiring reporting and why it should be concerned about external cyber-attacks on non-DoD systems. The paper will then look on the private sector viewpoints to discuss the benefits of mandatory reporting such as the bottom line and brand awareness. Additionally, the paper will also discuss how the consumer will benefit from mandatory reporting with a focus on both financial and privacy issues. Lastly, the paper will address some key points of dissent on the topic of mandatory reporting as well some evidence to push back or show how the negatives of not reporting outweighs the negative of reporting. After reading the paper, the reader will have a better picture of the current status of cyber-attacks on the private sector, how these attacks effect the DoD's mission, and why mandatory reporting can help enhance private sector cybersecurity. More research is needed to better understand the legal argument for requiring reporting on cyber-attacks as well as economic incentives for compliance, however this paper is not intending to answer that argument given the authors do not come from the legal or economic disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at characterizing the Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) research field in the areas of management and business in its bibliometric context; identifying strategies, practices and management tools specified in the scope of the investigated publications; summarizing existing evidence, pointing to gaps within this study area. Methodologically, the research is characterized as qualitative and descriptive, drawn by a bibliometric review on the databases; ISI Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct, followed by a systematic integrative bibliographic review. All the titles and abstracts of the identified articles were analyzed allowing for a research refinement, adopting the exclusion criteria for; a) duplicates; b) not obtained references; and c) misaligned references. The main results pointed out that, in the near future AVs will certainly be inserted in our society, however the way in which this innovation might be established is still surrounded by uncertainties, impacting directly on governments' lack of planning for such arrival (Guerra, 2016). The absence of work related to the business area can be a driving factor, considering that business models plays an extremely important role in the events that precede the AVs' advancement (Yun et al., 2016). Nevertheless, among the analyzed papers, a studies' trend is highlighted, especially in European countries (e. g. U.K. and Germany), related to AVs' business model of "car-sharing" (Zakharenko, 2016; Geldmacher, 2016); presenting such as a great substitute for traditional transportation models (cars, taxis and buses) (Enoch, 2015). In this way, it was observed a study gap related to business models and platforms, radical and responsible innovation theories, in order to minimize the risks, impacts and uncertainties of the eminent arrival of AVs and provide the necessary tools to guide governmental and organizational spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to be successful in a rapidly changing eco system, companies must respond with a continuous development of innovations. This means that companies need so-called dynamic capabilities to recognize chances and risks, seize opportunities and transform their business models. Dynamic capabilities are vital for companies to adapt, i.e. to transform their business models in accordance with ongoing trends and disruptive incidents. This paper uses dynamic capability approaches and change management theory to set up a framework for auditing the transformability of companies. First, dynamic and change capabilities are defined. This is followed by the determination of an indicator system to make the adaptability of companies objectively and holistically assessable. With the help of the framework, audits can be carried out to derive recommendations to strengthen and further develop dynamic and change capabilities of companies - in order to make them more efficiently and effectively responsive to external and internal changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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As early as the second half of the 20th century, theoreticians and commentators in the field of business and corporate culture have started to increasingly make use of military and war metaphors when describing or analyzing business-related matters. This ongoing tendency can be explained by the fact that both military and business jargons have had similar historical trajectories and focus on similar goals and objectives. Military philosophy can furthermore offer valuable lessons and advice to any aspiring manager. To be aware of the symbiosis between military jargon and the language of business is to have a clearer overview of the impact of business practices and eventually to gain the upper hand in a domain where battle and the survival of the fittest are at the basis of all activities and endeavors. The aim of the present paper is to trace the similar trajectories in the evolution of military and business jargon and to analyze, by resorting to practical examples, the manifold similarities between the language of war and the one of business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romania of the year 2019 crosses the largest exodus in its history and we are not talking about the village-city mobility but directly about international migration. At the same time, in the popular culture, Romanians are not known to be big entrepreneurs. They innovate, are spontaneous, have many ideas, but entrepreneurship is not a trait that characterizes us as people. Also, the working population migrates massively, which does not encourage the development of rural areas. This paper aims to analyze and radio graph the rural entrepreneurial environment in the Bucovina region of Romania (Suceava County), which is part of the North-East Region - one of poorest region of the European Union. With this purpose, data was collected on the companies established in Suceava County, the entrepreneurs responsible for these businesses and the areas of interest for them. At the same time, the paper aims to outline also the uncovered domains that could become useful for the area and that can attract entrepreneurs back home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research paper looks at the video gaming industry as a whole, and develops a proposed eBusiness model that could be used by new companies in the gaming industry. The developed model is meant to serve as a guide for entering the market. The various components of the model are discussed and then evaluated by comparing two large gaming companies in the business, namely Blizzard Entertainment and Riot Games. The comparison using the G4M3 model evaluates how these companies operate in each of the focus areas discussed in the paper. The intent is to show how new game development companies can follow in the footsteps of proven and tested organisations in such a volatile industry. The paper then ends off by evaluating the model's suitability for use by new gaming companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel coronavirus has caused a global pandemic of over 10 million infected cases which lead to over 500,000 deaths. The rapid transmission rate of this virus forced countries to impose nationwide lockdowns with the aim of decelerating infection rate and warding off the inevitable overloading of their healthcare systems. A few months after the lockdown, the countries are now looking into lifting lockdown measures and reopening economies. While some nations are able to exercise precautions and safety measures to reopen securely, other countries still face many challenges. In particular, developing nations can no longer be closed for business and must reopen to sustain their economy. Inevitably, this reopening, if not done securely will lead to rapid rise in the infection rates which cannot be absorbed by their healthcare systems due to shortage of medical equipment. Under these challenges, industrial, retail, logistics as well as healthcare sectors require alternate solutions that can fulfill the dual purpose of: (i) ensuring business productivity and profitability during the pandemic (ii) reducing risk of spread of contagion in their facilities by limiting human workforce. One way of ensuring production at minimal human resources is by adoption of automation and emerging technologies available under the industry 4.0 umbrella. In many ways, the pandemic has served as a catalyst to the implementation of these technologies in many sectors. To this end, this paper investigates the scope and competitive advantages of automation and robotics in controlling and mitigating contagions while ensuring that the economy remains open for business. For results, this paper provides a statistical analysis of areas where robotics have already been implemented pre-pandemic, and the advantages they have proven to bring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every day is a challenge that requires a lot of knowledge and time for the purpose of achieving planned sales, finding the best suppliers, achieving set business goals. Accounting is an integral part of any business, and it is important for the successful operation of any business. Accounting has changed and continues to change and expand from the moment it emerged. Accounting has undergone a special transformation with the information technology. Digitalization as one of the most important phenomena of the 21st century has affected all parts of society and business. Accounting software has become an integral part of the business of every enterprise, and without it would be almost unthinkable to track the company's business going from procurement, production to product sales. Business processes that involve accounting tasks should be designed, optimized and simplified for the purpose of ensuring time savings. Precisely due to the fact that time is money, and in order to save time, business is increasingly being transferred to digital form. The advantages and disadvantages of digital accounting were best seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this paper is reflected in demonstration of the impact of digitalization of accounting on the company's activities. The subject of research is to prove the positive and negative effects of digitalization of accounting on company's activities. Empirical studies will prove what kind of impact the use of digital accounting has on the company's business, and task set for accountants and management in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study, conducted from February 2020 to February 2022, applies constructivist grounded theory approach to the data gathered during participant observation and ethnographical research connected with electronic sports in Poland and Hong Kong. The research involved looking at the data on selected Twitch channels as well as social media communication of leading eSports brands and incentives (including Talon Esports in Hong Kong and ESL Gaming in Poland). The overarching aim of the study was to compare the divergent dynamics of eSports cultures in various digital media ecosystems. Key contributions of this paper to eSports-oriented game studies involve the application of comparative approach and focus on the interconnectedness of fans’ digital labor with the physical and digital spaces dedicated to electronic sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to review existing literature and research on entrepreneurial intention in sustainable entrepreneurship. It identifies major trends and issues and highlights gaps in the existing knowledge base on entrepreneurial intention in sustainable entrepreneurship. A systematic literature review was conducted, following the PRISMA protocol for conducting and reporting systematic reviews. Based on a systematic search of Scopus databases, a total of 32 peer-reviewed articles were included. A research agenda for further work in this area is provided within the themes of conceptual development, research contexts, and measuring and evaluating entrepreneurial intention in sustainable entrepreneurship. The categorization of entrepreneurial intention in sustainable entrepreneurship is conducted to understand the direction of research in this field and the emphasis on specific aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to develop and test an econometric model for estimation the level of corruption as a result of (law) regulations changing in a specific context (of a country), taking into consideration the significant macroeconomic characteristics of the economy. Design/methodology/approach - The econometric model depicted and proposed here use the gross domestic product (GDP, in constant or real terms), gross capital formation (formerly gross domestic investment, % of GDP), and lending interest rate (%) as independent variables; corruption amount is a dependent variable. The data used in this paper were from the period 1994 to 2014. Findings - The econometric model proposed fit the data set. Model captures the most important features of the problem - corruption and its support mechanism, regulations changing. It's workable and can be used for studying corruption of any country. The most important findings are the following: the lending interest rate is a proxy, a standard for corruption's yield; and corruption cannot be assessed in comparable manner (among countries) since it's a complex process, as it's showed in this paper. According to the results yielded using econometric model presented in this paper, the financial cost of corruption, summation for all the period 1994 to 2014, has been estimated at around 68 per cent of gross domestic product reported in the year 2014. This means an average at around 3.24 per cent of gross domestic product per year for the period 1994 to 2014. The financial cost of corruption estimated through the econometric model presented in this paper is equivalent with more than three times the external debt of country analysed. Originality/value - Currently, the dominant approaches to measuring corruption are mainly focused on the perceptionbased approaches used to compare countries among them, being inadequate because they compare particular things and contexts that don't allow comparative analysis. I propose here a new approach, namely an econometric modelling. This approach would be a useful tool to explain the world (local or regional) polarization of wealth over time because everywhere money gained by corruption is transmigrated. Model provides insights useful for both citizens and decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses design rights using the example of UK's most high-profile case of design right litigation: Trunki, a ride-on travel case for children. Rob Law MBE invented Trunki in 1996. He registered it as a design in 2002 in the UK, and in 2003 with the Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (OHIM), now EUIPO. The design has since been emulated by competitors in countries across the globe. Law's company Magmatic Ltd successfully challenged most imitators, until one succeeded in defending their rights on a product that was 'inspired by Trunki': PMS International and their so-called Kiddee case in 2012. This paper discusses lessons that can be learned from the case. Magmatic Ltd successfully defended their unregistered design right, but not their registered design right - Why? How do different forms of IP compare? How does a lengthy court process affect the running of a small design firm? How can IP legislation be enhanced to foster innovation more effectively?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green consumer movement represents the responsibility of humans for the ecosystem and a growing market, the green market, has been developed. This paper aims to review the status and visual map position of research in the internationally green marketing publication indexed Scopus that used a bibliometric perspective. The research was carried out using bibliometric techniques. Data analysis as well as visualization utilising VOSViewer program and the Scopus function for analyze search results. In this review, the details collected applied to 968 documents issued from 1991 through 2019. The study reveals that Polonsky, M.J., and Bucharest University of Economic Studies were the most active individual scientists and affiliated institutions in green marketing publication. In green marketing, the Business, Management and Accounting and Journal of Cleaner Production were the most areas of study and dissemination sources. There were six worldwide group maps with collaborative researchers. In order to identify the body of knowledge created from twenty-eight years of publication, this study constructed a convergence axis grouping comprising of green marketing publication: Marketing, Ecology, Environment, Information use, Sustainable products, Energy efficiency, Business strategy, and Customer loyalty, abbreviated as MEEISEBC themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green consumer movement represents the responsibility of humans for the ecosystem and a growing market, the green market, has been developed. This paper aims to review the status and visual map position of research in the internationally green marketing publication indexed Scopus that used a bibliometric perspective. The research was carried out using bibliometric techniques. Data analysis as well as visualization utilising VOSViewer program and the Scopus function for analyze search results. In this review, the details collected applied to 968 documents issued from 1991 through 2019. The study reveals that Polonsky, M.J., and Bucharest University of Economic Studies were the most active individual scientists and affiliated institutions in green marketing publication. In green marketing, the Business, Management and Accounting and Journal of Cleaner Production were the most areas of study and dissemination sources. There were six worldwide group maps with collaborative researchers. In order to identify the body of knowledge created from twenty-eight years of publication, this study constructed a convergence axis grouping comprising of green marketing publication: Marketing, Ecology, Environment, Information use, Sustainable products, Energy efficiency, Business strategy, and Customer loyalty, abbreviated as MEEISEBC themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main subject matter of the paper is counterfeiting and misuse of payment cards and its adverse effect on business legal environment. The paper is focused on determining the concept of payment cards, their types, origin, but also their misuses in everyday usage. Due to enormous technical and technological development in the preceding years, non-cash payment has been on the increase, which is, in addition to other manners, also realised by payment cards. A detailed analysis of the legislation governing this area in the Republic of Serbia, but also in the neighbouring countries, is also given in the paper. The last part of the paper comprises the empirical analysis of the number of committed criminal offences with payment cards on the territory of the Republic of Serbia in the previous five years. Therefore, the number of registered, indicted and sentenced offenders for the offence of counterfeiting and misuse of payment cards is analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In early 2021, a new mobile app called "Clubhouse: drop-in audio" became extremely popular among internet users. This paper aims to give some insight into what topics are discussed on Clubhouse, what makes Clubhouse (and potentially other drop-in audio platforms) so appealing and what helped it acquire millions of users in a matter of weeks despite an invite-only registration system. It was determined through research that the 3 most popular topics on Clubhouse are all business related and that Clubhouse users tend to offer free high-value business advice to other entrepreneurs. Clubhouse's new media format was reported to be very authentic, which people from other industries are starting to take notice of. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the declaration of "a state of emergency", the Republic of North Macedonia (RNM) government adopted a series of measures regarding the pandemic caused by COVID 19. Thus, the free movement of citizens and their rights in many spheres of social and private life were restricted. The austerity measures had an indirect effect on workers and businesses, increased unemployment; reduced wages; closed businesses; disabled social life; sports, religious and cultural activities, etc. The paper aims to analyze whether government measures of the RNM to deal with the pandemic during the state of emergency have been misused (from economic support to the business sector, tolerance of religious communities, etc.). Exactly how did these measures mitigate the negative effect on the country's economy, how effective and appropriate were the measures, and did they serve to better manage the protection of public health and alleviate the situation or for any other political purposes? The paper has its own time constraints and focuses on government measures as long as the state of emergency lasts, which may still continue depending on the circumstances with the spread of the virus to the population. This paper will use descriptive, historical, analytical, comparative and citizen survey methods. The paper also draws conclusions, which represent a recapitulation of the effectiveness of antiCovid19 measures in practice and suggests improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]