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This research aimed to determine the comparison between the cost of energy and the cost price of producing radishes in Osmaniye Province in Turkey, which is an important source of income in agriculture in Turkey. A questionnaire was used to collect data on radish production from the intended target population 149 radish farms in 2019. The sample was calculated using Neyman's method. Based on a sample size the error was defined as 5 percent for 95 percent reliability. The socio-economic characteristics of the farmers were used to present analysis and also secondary data were also used in the research to deepen our knowledge. The results showed that the input energy was 2,946.574 MJ da-1, of which the highest share was related to deep plowing, irrigation, first watering after transplanting, and second plowing with 21.60, 20.07, 19.84 and 12.08%, respectively. The lowest input was belong to Harvest and Packaging with 0.03%. Labor cost (70.75%), fuel cost (14.41%), and material used 14.84%.In addition, the production cost and sales price ( $/ ton) of radish are obtained at 21.69 and 40.21 respectively. We find that the rate of profit from agricultural income was 87.82% while that of energy was 61.38%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the fact that, Turkey is a importing energy, we must determine the energy needs in the Turkish agricultural sector. In this study, consumed energy data in agriculture was used between 1972 and 2015 years. According to Turkish Statistical Institute's database, agriculture sector shares in GDP 6.2 percent in 2016 and percentage change compared to same period in previous year -0.1 percent. Agriculture sector shares in GDP 6.1 percent in 2017 and percentage change compared to same period in previous year 17.2 percent. Gross domestic product increased by 5.2% compared with the same quarter of the previous year in the second quarter of 2018. When the activities which constitute gross domestic product were analysed the total value added decreased by 1.5% in the agricultural sector compared with the same quarter of the previous year in the chained linked volume index. Trend model was used to energy trend in the econometric analysis of this study. Granger causality analysis results show that one-way causality relation at 5% level of significance towards GDP denoted EC was detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main method for providing water for irrigation purposes is the transmission of water between the water source and the field for irrigation. This movement of water requires an energy. Therefore, the effects of irrigation applications at different heights on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) in Kuzova region in Elazıg province of Turkey were evaluated in this study. While energy consumption for sugar beet irrigation is 3.46 GJ /ha at a height of 30 m, it reaches 10.26 GJ/ha for irrigation of more than 150 m. However, while fuel consumption for corn irrigation is 3.71 L GJ/ha at a height of 30 m, it reaches 12.73 GJ/ha for irrigation of more than 150 m. While the GHG emissions from sugar beet irrigation is 256.27 kgCO2-eq/ha at a height of 30 m, it reaches 759.66 kgCO2-eq/ha for irrigation of more than 150 m. However, while the GHG emissions from corn irrigation is 274.58 kgCO2-eq/ha at a height of 30 m, it reaches 942.71 kgCO2-eq/ha for irrigation of more than 150 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from fertilizer use for corn, cotton and soybean production in Turkey. For corn and cotton cultivation 403.33 kg NPK is applied before planting per hectare, 238.33 kg AN and 238.33 kg urea after planting. For soybean production 201.66 kg DAP before planting per hectare, 135.83 kg AN and 135.83 kg urea after planting are applied. For corn cultivation, 11,991.65 MJ fertilizer energy is consumed per hectare in Turkey. However 8973.56 MJ and 6,452.94 MJ fertilizer energy is consumed per hectares in cotton and soybean production, respectively. The total GHG emissions from fertilizer application are 2,603.7 kg CO2-eq, 1,949.13 kg CO2-eq and 1,523.22 kg CO2-eq per hectares, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]