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In recent years the number of individuals struggling with mental illness has increased, and traditional mental health services are now considered insufficient under the current circumstances which has prompted researchers to develop new approaches for mental healthcare. Social media usage is growing, and it is been utilized to help provide additional insight on mental health by using the information shared by individuals, as well as data taken from their social media activity. While this approach may provide a unique and effective perspective for mental health services, it is critical that privacy risks and protections are considered in the process. Social media services collect, process, and stores a substantial amount of information about its users and how that information is shared as well as what type of predictions are made may pose serious privacy concerns. This study aims to understand how privacy is addressed and emphasized during the process of using social media data for mental healthcare by constructing a systematic review on previous scholarly papers related to the topic. Solove's taxonomy of privacy is used to evaluate these publications privacy considerations and to demonstrate the privacy risks that may arise when social media data is used for mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As social media becomes more present in the lives of people worldwide, it pervades their deaths as well. Before the Civil War, death and mourning rituals in the United States were largely considered the province of the deceased's loved ones. Following shifts in funerary customs, 21st century Americans are more removed from death care than ever before. Despite this, social media usage patterns have prompted increasingly public digital expressions of grief and mourning. The medium has transformed into a cathartic space for bereaved individuals, with memorialization functions of social media platforms also recasting platforms as sites of preservation. This paper examines account memorialization features of Facebook and Instagram, exploring social media memorialization as archival practice, with a particular focus on the concept of continued use as preservation. By delving into social media phenomena such as context collapse, the paper considers ways public perceptions of death may be shifting in the digital age. In merging the fields of information science and death studies, this paper intends to raise new questions about the potential impact of social media archival practices on the development of more public reckonings with death in mainstream U.S. culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversity of social media platforms, users and uses has long been a challenge for social media research. The difficulty of inferring meaning from social media acts is also, and perhaps more importantly, due to the fact the even identical acts that are in appearance identical and that occur on the same platforms and contexts can have diverse meanings. This paper proposes a model based on the concepts of social and topical distance that can help shed light on the possible meanings of a social media act. The model considers the social relationship between the content creator and the user, as well as the topical relationship between the content the user's main topics of interest. It is demonstrated by analyzing a set of papers published in JASIST that were tweeted by researchers. The results show that the model can help differentiate between different types of heterogeneous social media acts and users or be used to characterize the attention that a specific content has received on social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Autism represents a broad group of developmental disorders characterized by impaired social interactions. It has attracted widespread concern in academia and media. The reported causes of autism have an enormous impact on the people's opinion about autistic patients and various treatments from scientific literature and media news. In this study, we use open information extraction (OIE), a machine reading technique, to automatically extract causal relationships from autism researches and news reports. We explored the differences between the scientific literature and news about the reported etiologies with respect to autism. As a result, we find that scientific papers clearly emphasize physical and biological factors, while the media emphasizes social factors as the perceived cause of autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how different framings of fake news on social protests are related to readers' responses on Facebook. A 2 (news standpoint: pro‐protest vs. pro‐establishment) × 2 (violence description: protesters' violence vs. police' violence) within‐participants web‐based experimental survey (N = 90) was used to study readers' intention to like, share, and comment on Facebook. Results suggested that exposure to different framings of fake news led readers to respond differently on Facebook. Moreover, the intention to click "Like" did not necessarily translate to the intention to click "Share" or "Comment" and vice versa. This paper concludes with theoretical implications, practical implications, and limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a mixed‐methods approach for forensically reconstructing the propagation of visual media via networked digital devices. The authors present case studies drawn from political misinformation around the January 6, 2021 riots at the U.S. Capitol. Using interpretive analysis, the authors identify traces of user interfaces that remain in images being shared about the riots. Using computational analysis, the authors evaluate compression levels in digital photographs of the events in question, thus identifying which instances of the image are closer to the source (as well as which images appear to be identical). By combining these two approaches, the authors argue that SMOC BRISQUEt refines our understanding of misinformation's memetic spread—helpful in curbing future abuses as well as in guiding the production of more effective cross‐platform spread when desired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The objective of the paper is to review and synthesize scholarly articles on the threats to the quality of usergenerated content (UGC). In this paper, threats to the quality of UGC are defined as the perpetration of misleading information caused by the lack of editorial control. They include deception, disinformation, manipulation, misinformation and rumors whose veracity cannot be easily established. In particular, this paper identifies (a) the research objectives that had been investigated, (b) the research methods that had been employed, and (c) the disciplines that studied the threats to the quality of UGC. The dominant research objective includes investigating the dynamics of threats. The most widely adopted research methods include quantitative analysis of real world data. This area of research was found to attract both intra-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary scholarly attention. It even attracted attention from practitioners affiliated to non-academic institutes. Finally, this paper serves as a call for scholars to identify possible ways to mitigate the threats to the quality of UGC. It also encourages the use of qualitative approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on an exploratory analysis of the social media policies of municipal governments in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. With a strong Public Records law and language clearly indicating that social media posts are government records, Massachusetts provides a framing for research into municipal policy on social media use, retention, preservation, and access. Of the 351 municipalities in the Commonwealth, just 87 have publicly accessible Social Media policies. These policies indicate that municipal governments take their responsibilities around social media records management seriously, they do not offer many specifics around how they will engage directly with posts from privately‐owned social media platforms. Implications of these findings suggest that the digital preservation community must continue to develop tools and methods to preserve social media records the support broader efforts around government transparency and accountability, as well as advocate for platforms to include features to support responsible public sector social media use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Dietary preferences are linked to all aspects of the human culture. Currently, researches on dietary preferences are mainly based on questionnaires, etc., which are mature and feasible. However, high cost, small scale and long timeframes are difficult to avoid. With the rapid development of social media, massive dietary reviews are shared in social media. Therefore, researches on users' dietary preferences by mining data from social media may overcome the disadvantages of traditional methods. In this paper, we use microblogs from (one of the most popular social media platforms in China) to detect dietary preferences of social media users in China via sentiment analysis. Specifically, we compared four different aspect extraction methods and chose an optimal one to obtain aspects about dietary preferences. Secondly, sentiment polarities of the aspects and dishes are identified by sentiment classification. Empirical analysis on 3,975,800 microblogs presents that social media users in China are not satisfied with the overall status quo of dietary. In addition, experimental results show that semantic information is useful in extracting dietary aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT As part of his presidential transition, the administration of Barack Obama included social media data among the materials transferred to the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). In addition, this social media collection comprising data from Twitter, Facebook and Vine was distributed to organizations and researchers to explore and investigate. In this paper, we present our initial observations on the first social media presidency through the lens of its data, extracted from their native platforms. While the data speak to the engagement cultivated by the administration in its use of social media, the collection contains as many questions as it does answers. The completeness, metadata and accessibility of these materials remain unclear, potentially limiting the use of the collections in research and beyond. The paper analyzes platform-specific issues and offers potential solutions to address the preservation and access challenges to social media data. We conclude with implications for the digital preservation community and social media researchers to consider when approaching social media data collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Growth in online, opinion-rich sources of information, such as social networking websites, microblogs, and discussion forums, makes it possible for information to spread and reach others more easily than ever. During social movements the diffusion of ideas on these online platforms, along with other factors, may influence users' decision of what to think or who to support. This paper develops a study to investigate the effects of homophily mechanism as it may impact individuals' opinions and, in particular how opinions about a certain event change over time through mimicry and conformity. In this paper we present a Twitter dataset of communication during the Gezi Park Protests that took place in Turkey in 2013. We also present preliminary results based on text analysis and future steps for testing the effects of homophily mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What factors influence trust in different news sources? The goal of this study is to examine the role of various demographic factors: gender, age, educational attainment, political leaning, and frequency of social media use. This paper reports relevant results from a crowdsourced experimental study focusing on reporting of science news online. Significant findings include that conservatives place higher trust in fake news than moderates (p < 0.05), liberals place higher trust in mainstream media than moderates (p < 0.05), liberals place higher trust in scientific journals than conservatives (p < 0.01) and moderates (p < 0.05), and less frequent users of social media place higher trust in fake news than do more frequent users of social media (p < 0.05). Based on these results, political leaning and frequency of social media use influence trust in fake news, while political leaning also influences trust in mainstream media and scientific journals. These findings shed new light on the important issue of trust in news sources, illustrating the importance of considering political leaning and frequency of social media use in assessing trust in different news sources. These results further underscore the current degree of polarization present in the American public's perceptions of different online science news sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This poster introduces an ongoing project to develop a scale for measuring information credibility on current and newly emerging interactive web platforms. The poster reports on preliminary findings from an initial phase in the project to generate an item pool based on an analysis of existing scales for credibility (n = 3) and empirical studies in the library and information science literature on web credibility assessments in the social media context (n = 19). Results show that in most papers analyzed (16 of 19; 84.2%), credibility was conceptualized as a one‐dimensional construct and often measured with only one item (e.g., credible, believable), despite the common view among scholars that credibility is a high‐level, multifaceted concept. The analysis also identified 59 semantically distinct items as an initial pool, which will be validated and tested with empirical data in subsequent project phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining truth and accuracy of information is a key challenge in today's fast‐paced, global information economy dominated by social media. The field of Information Science, while publishing extensively on information seeking and use, has not done sufficient research into how individuals detect falsehood or deception in information they encounter. This paper describes Levine's Truth‐Default Theory (TDT) and links information behavior (IB) research to three vital aspects of the theory. Furthermore, this work demonstrates how TDT can be merged with T.D. Wilson's General Theory of Information Behavior, applying decades of research on deception detection to foundational IB theory. Implications of marrying these two ideas are discussed as well as suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual harassment is an invisible problem that has been difficult to combat because victims are often reluctant to report. However, within the past years, the sheer volume of women who have spoken up about sexual harassment has brought the issue to the forefront. This change has been largely driven, in part, by Internet and social media technologies. Given the large size of data posted on these online technologies, it is impossible to manually analyze and organize it; therefore, there is a need to utilize data and text mining methods. In order to help the fight against sexual harassment, this study proposes a predictive framework to collect more than 14,000 sexual harassment reports on the everyday sexism project (ESP) website and identify the space (location) in the reports. Our framework achieves 85.33% accuracy for seven space classes including workplace, public space, home, public transport, school, university, and media. This paper also enriches experiments by merging similar classes (e.g., school and university) and applies a feature selection method to reduce the number of features for efficiency and effectiveness purposes. This enrichment process offers promising results for different sets of classes and features, ranging from 86% – 93% accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT What factors influence trust in online information? Americans increasingly get information from social media, public distrust in the mainstream media is growing and 'fake news' is an important new phenomenon. This paper examines the factors that influence trust in scientific claims posted via social media, including the use of hyperlinks and readers' values. The paper describes a crowdsourcing-based experimental design using Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform. The core of the experiment was a set of 10 scientific findings reported in open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journals, which were in turn linked to in articles in both the mainstream media and 'fake news' sites. Data analysis involved exploration of relationships between trust and the presence or absence of hyperlinks, and between trust and human values using nonparametric statistical methods. In terms of the influence of hyperlinks on trust, inclusion of hyperlinks to scientific journals, mainstream media articles, and even hidden URLs led to higher trust than hyperlinks to 'fake news' sites or posts without hyperlinks ( p < 0.001). Participants who clicked on hyperlinks to scientific articles placed higher trust in the claims than those who did not ( p < 0.001). In terms of the influence of values on trust, values had the most impact in cases where individuals saw, but decided not to click on, hyperlinks; this finding seems to indicate that in the absence of firsthand examination of the hyperlinked sites, participants tend to rely more heavily on their values to determine their trust in a scientific claim. These findings indicate that both the presence and absence of hyperlinks and the values of the reader both significantly impact trust judgments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper is the first to present a study of information behavior of Latinos in the Midwestern U.S. It begins addressing gaps in knowledge about Latinos, particularly immigrants, and their information seeking and use of the mobile, social web in rural areas of the U.S. Midwest. Interviews were conducted in 2016 and 2017 with 20 Midwestern Latinos - 15 immigrants to the United States and five native-born. We find that interviewees use many well-known social media platforms such as Facebook and YouTube as well as online resources to meet their information needs. Many prefer to consult trusted sources, making social media access desirable. Midwestern Latinos have adopted a number of the same information seeking practices as other immigrants and marginalized peoples, which may be different from practices of dominant populations in rural areas. Given their preferences, Latinos we interviewed will be best served by access to trusted information in the languages they speak, often presented orally such as in video format. For this, a reliable internet connection and internet-enabled device are key. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every day, people post information about themselves and others on online social networks, making such information accessible within their social circles but also, potentially, way beyond. While the information posted may seem benign or innocuous, small pieces of information, when tied together, can potentially reveal much more about the person than intended. Such cumulative revelations could expose them to risks such as identity theft, fraud or loss of employment. This paper describes findings from interviews about people's online interactions, focusing on their requirements and desires for improved ways to identify, understand and control cumulative revelations arising from their social media profiles that could put them at risk of grave consequences. These findings motivate our future work on how to better raise awareness among social media users of the risks and consequences to which combinations of posts may lead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online users are more willing to express their opinions and emotions on social platforms in online public opinion events, through combing texts and images rather than texts alone. Facing the change of emotional expressions, it is extremely vital to recognize the sentiments of online users in online public opinion events in an appropriate way. In this paper, we propose a novel Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) model to recognize online users' sentiments in online public opinion events by analyzing the sentiments of texts and attached images together. Also, we compare two fusion strategies, feature‐level fusion and decision‐level fusion, to combine the affective information from texts and images. In feature‐level fusion, fine‐tuned Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory (BiLSTMs) are employed to extract visual and textual features respectively. Then the features are concatenated and fed to a DNNs system to complete classification. In decision‐level fusion, a rule is employed to fuse the output from unimodality, generating final predicted labels. Experimental results showed that the proposed DNNs multimodal model achieved better performance than unimodal sentiment recognition model. In fusion strategy, the feature‐level fusion performed better in our experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper theorizes on the sociotechnical dynamics and underlying dimensions of technology assemblages that emerge from the use of social technologies in organizations. This theorization reflects more precisely the information ecology around knowledge workers, which is more technologically diversified than suggested by prior studies. To that end, this work differs from the few studies of social technologies and many studies of ICT in organizations by focusing on more than one technology and by considering social technologies as an assemblage. In order to advance current theorizing about technology assemblages, this works draws on data from a study of knowledge workers' use of social technologies for knowledge sharing and presents three complementary analytic lenses: Practice, Structural, and Interpretive. Integrating the three lenses, allows us to holistically capture the disparate dimensions of social technology assemblages enacted by knowledge workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of social media in formal education has received consistent interest in the recent decade. While most studies have focused on the mandatory use of social media as pedagogical tools, less explored is the context in which students voluntarily choose and use social media to supplement their formal learning. In this study, we employ an affordance approach to exploring the resources in social media that students perceive and use voluntarily for formal learning. Drawing on a qualitative study using focus groups of university students, we identified ten categories of social media affordances for learning in the voluntary context: association, editability, immediacy, interactivity, manageability, modality, persistence, scalability, searchability, and visibility. The affordances mentioned most frequently by students were visibility, persistence, and interactivity. These identified affordances encompass the major resources offered by social media for learning in the voluntary context, and provide insights into understanding, evaluating, and guiding social media adoption in formal education as well as lifelong learning. This paper concludes by presenting limitations and implications for research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarly communication has the scope to transcend the limitations of the physical world through social media's extended coverage and shortened information paths. Accordingly, publishers have created profiles for their journals in Twitter to promote their publications and to initiate discussions with public. This paper investigates the Twitter presence of humanities and social sciences (HSS) journal titles obtained from mainstream citation indices, by analysing the interaction and communication patterns. This study utilizes webometric data collection, descriptive analysis, and social network analysis. Findings indicate that the presence of HSS journals in Twitter across disciplines is not yet substantial. Sharing of general websites appears to be the key activity performed by HSS journals in Twitter. Among them, web content from news portals and magazines are highly disseminated. Sharing of research articles and retweeting was not majorly observed. Inter‐journal communication is apparent within the same citation index, but it is very minimal with journals from the other index. However, there seems to be an effort to broaden communication beyond the research community, reaching out to connect with the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informed by 30 semi‐structured interviews with faculty, Ph.D. students, and academic librarians, this exploratory research examines how individuals create, cultivate, and manage their scholarly identity (SI) using online platforms. SI is defined as efforts by academics in promoting their personal "brand," regarding their intellectual work (Brigham,). Results indicate that online platforms, including social networking sites (SNS), offer avenues for academics to connect with other scholars and disseminate their research. However, some sites were found to promote practices participants considered problematic, which forms the focus of this paper. Respondents noted that SI work performed on academic SNS (e.g., ResearchGate, Academia.edu) can present moral and ethical quandaries. For‐profit business models pose a serious concern, and several interviewees advocated for open access materials and platforms (e.g., ORCID). Participants also reported a number of logistical problems with online SI work, including time constraints and context collapse (Marwick & boyd, 2011). Data were analyzed using a theoretical framework grounded in Goffman's (1959, 1967) concepts of impression management and face threats. Findings raise awareness of the need for academics and librarians to adopt strategies for creating/sustaining an ethical and sustainable online presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twitter has provided a great opportunity for public libraries to disseminate information for a variety of purposes. Twitter data have been applied in different domains such as health, politics, and history. There are thousands of public libraries in the US, but no study has yet investigated the content of their social media posts like tweets to find their interests. Moreover, traditional content analysis of Twitter content is not an efficient task for exploring thousands of tweets. Therefore, there is a need for automatic methods to overcome the limitations of manual methods. This paper proposes a computational approach to collecting and analyzing using Twitter Application Programming Interfaces (API) and investigates more than 138,000 tweets from 48 US west coast libraries using topic modeling. We found 20 topics and assigned them to five categories including public relations, book, event, training, and social good. Our results show that the US west coast libraries are more interested in using Twitter for public relations and book‐related events. This research has both practical and theoretical applications for libraries as well as other organizations to explore social media actives of their customer and themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media platforms have been hailed as "politically disruptive communication technologies" (Hong & Nadler, 2012). Individuals express opinions and engage with politicians, the press, and each other on social media, sometimes using offensive language (Rossini et al., 2020). Content moderation has been adopted by many social media platforms to screen and evaluate offensive speech. In the present study we trained offensive speech classifiers to analyze offensive speech examples by integrating three archival datasets. We then used the trained classifier to examine a large body of comments about YouTube videos posted during the 2018 midterm election cycle. This provided information on the prevalence of various kinds of offensive comments and the pattern of content moderation used by YouTube. We also examined comment negativity using offensive speech lexicons. Our results showed systematic variance in the prevalence of offensive speech topics depending upon the political orientation of the content. Language use was significantly different between left and right‐leaning videos for comments related to sexism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the roles of fiction reading in mitigating readers' stress during the COVID‐19 pandemic, this study explores readers' motivations, preferences, and reading behaviors. Through an open‐ended online survey posted on social media platforms and an online reading community, the researchers collected 76 responses from adult fiction readers. Through qualitative coding, three prominent themes were identified: escapism, re‐reading behavior, and access and format. Readers actively escape into fictional worlds, often through re‐reading books, to cope with the pandemic. Also, cost and available channels of access shape readers' selection of fiction book format. These themes highlight elements of fiction reading that are pertinent to emotionally‐strained individuals, which can provide insight for reference and recommendation services. By advancing researchers' understanding of pleasure reading behaviors and the important selection criteria for fiction readers during stressful times, this study contributes to the body of knowledge in Readers Advisory (RA) and information behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, racists remarks accompanied by racist hashtags were disseminated via social media. Particularly, Asian Americans in the U.S. have been suffered from racism and xenophobia, resulting in physical violence and mental harassment in many cases. Despite the major function of the social media as an open‐access platform for unedited and free speech for people with a diverse background, the global episodes of the soaring racism and xenophobia occurred in online public arenas reaffirmed that the platforms could be used for a nurturing ground of racism and xenophobia. This study examined the top influencers in the racist hashtag Twitter network and top shared neighboring hashtags with #Chinavirus or #Chinesevirus. We extracted topics from the racist hashtag Twitter network applying the state‐of‐the‐art BERTopic modeling technique and conducted a geo‐locational analysis of the participants of the network globally and by U.S. states. Trump was identified as the most influential actor in the #Chinavirus and #Chinesevirus Twitter network. This study confirmed previous literature that the political elite's public communication strategy to deviate the attention of the public suffered from the new disease and went through hardships under the epidemic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT As practitioners of new forms of consumption and production, fans represent an important area for research. Specifically, fans of 'transmedia systems' - media-hopping networks of intertextualities that extend the narrative world of an original production - employ unique tactics for negotiating a complex information space. The study of such tactics provides valuable insights on the everyday information behaviors of modern post-digital readers and media consumers that could benefit literacy and community engagement. Despite this, fans have received little attention in the information behavior literature. Therefore, this paper seeks to contribute new empirical understandings of the transmedia fan to the information behavior domain. The author undertook a pilot case study of the Game of Thrones transmedia fandom. Using a grounded theory approach, the qualitative coding of 400 online user comments revealed four types of tactics employed by fans to negotiate the transmedia system: sentimental, reasoned, relational and comic. A discussion of these tactics and the ways in which fans use them results in a preliminary definition and information behavior cycle model for the transmedia fan. The study's findings offer key observations about the everyday information behavior of fans and about reading and media consumption practices in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT As the way of evaluating research outputs has gradually changed, and the dissemination of scholarly materials online has gotten easier, research studies investigating the awareness and usage of social media in academia have also been on the rise. The number of user surveys on the awareness and usage of altmetrics (emerging alternative metrics based on social media) has, however, remained low. This paper presents the findings of an online survey, which are the results of the first phase data collection of a user survey on the awareness and usage of altmetrics in academia. Our findings show that article views and downloads from online digital libraries or repositories are very well-known. The most used altmetrics are mentions and shares on social networks. Mentions in blog posts and topics in a forum are also popular altmetrics. Interestingly, this study reveals a tendency for non-faculty staff to be more aware of altmetrics. Furthermore, we also investigate how the usage of social media correlates with the usage of altmetrics. The findings show medium to large correlations between the usage of social media and the usage of altmetrics, which means academics who use social media often, also tend to use altmetrics often. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this paper, we examine young people's data literacy in terms of their awareness of data and the rhetoric that surrounds it, as well as their knowledge of data flows. This is the first phase of the Exploring Data Worlds at the Public Library research study research study, a two-year research study that explores the ways that libraries can address data literacy programming by helping teens understand, create and manage the digital traces of their data in meaningful, efficacious, and ethical ways. In this first phase of the study we explored the question What do young people understand about data within the context of their everyday lives and in relation to personal data management. We present here the findings from a series of semi-structured interviews with young people, ages 11 to 18, that examined teens' perceptions and general knowledge of data in their lives. Results suggest that the teens in this study had varying interpretations of the nature of data and a broad understanding of the lifecycle of data, but most found it difficult to connect with data at a concrete and personal level, with the notion of a personal data dossier either non-existent or abstract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper reports the findings of research into young people's experiences of political information. We used a phenomenographic approach to identify variations in experiences of political information. The research explores how young people use information and technology to mediate political information to develop knowledge to become informed citizens. It focuses on how processes of discovery, production, retrieval, manipulation, dissemination, use, and evaluation of information are utilised in different ways by young people through a range of information behaviour techniques. 23 interviews and 3 focus groups were conducted with pupils aged 14-15 at a secondary school in England. The interviews and focus groups were recorded and transcripts and notes taken during the data collection sessions formed the data for analysis. Phenomenographic analysis was carried out, utilising manual coding and NVivo software. A phenomenographic outcome space represents the six qualitatively different ways in which the participants experienced political information, and identifies a range of political information sources, including social media and online news sources, which inform young people's political knowledge and attitudes. The outcome space illustrates the differences in ways young people experience political information and suggests potential for development to more complex ways of understanding the information they encounter. This represents a contribution to understanding the variation in information experiences and is of theoretical and practical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sudden outbreak of the Zika virus led to public panic and discussion on social Q&A forums. Most research studies concentrated on what the public discussed about the Zika virus. However, how they felt during the Zika virus outbreak reflects the emotional stability of the public, which has a positive significance in public health monitoring, intervention and service. For this paper, we conducted a sentiment analysis of Zika‐related posts on Yahoo! Answers during the outbreak of the Zika virus to investigate how emotions of the public changed overtime and if users' emotions could be influenced by others. It was found that significantly more negative emotions appeared when an outbreak started in Brazil, yet people's reactions became milder afterwards. Besides, a small positive correlation between the sentiment characteristics of the questions and the received answers implies the exchanges of emotions between questioners and answerers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a comparative survey of online news use and perceptions of trust in Canada and Japan among young university educated adults. Results indicate that information use patterns are broadly consistent, with some differences by gender and country. Notably, young adults report heavy reliance upon social media channels as sources of online news, despite consistently low levels of trust for this type of content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the motivations for employing social interactions on social media during collaborative information seeking (CIS) in group trip planning. We conducted interviews with nine groups of tourists. The analysis identified three motivations for employing social interactions on social media while planning a group trip: finding and gathering information, scheduling the trip‐related activities, and cross‐checking of ideas. The findings also suggest that such interactions on social media contribute to group trip planning through improving the productivity of group information seeking and making better group trip planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twitter popularity, which measures the total frequency of mentions on Twitter, is proposed as an altmetrics indicator to assess the social impact of a given journal. Based on the 2013 Journal Citation Report, 30 journals with high impact factors in the library and information science (LIS) field were identified as top-tier journals. Through the investigation, the Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), College & Research Libraries (CRL), and Scientometrics are the most prevalent LIS journals with 2668, 1730, and 625 mentions, separately, on Twitter. To explore the association between the proposed altmetrics indicator and citation-based measures, Spearman's rho nonparametric correlation analysis was conducted to test the correlations between Twitter mentions and 8 citation-based measures (total cites, impact factor, 5-year impact factor, immediacy index, articles, cited half-life, Eigenfactor score, and article influence score). There is a significant and moderate correlation observed between the Twitter mentions and Eigenfactor score for the investigated journals. In conclusion, although the proposed altmetrics indicator, journal Twitter popularity, may not measure the scientific impact as the citation-based measurements do, this study puts forward the possibility of using journal Twitter popularity as a complementary indicator of journal impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dealing with information in a new land is considered challenging for immigrants. Their adaptation process, including how to seek and share information, usually requires supports from several sources, including various social and community associations. This paper discusses immigrants' information sharing practices within community groups during their settlement processes. Data for analysis includes 197 questionnaires, 35 interviews, and 258 photos. The preliminary results show that Asian immigrants are involved in community associations and online links with both general and particular groupings. The main sharing activities relate to daily activities, culture and religion and knowledge/experience. The findings will provide insights of how sharing activities within community associations support immigrants' settlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tackling child trafficking requires a multi‐pronged approach from government and non‐government organizations as well as individuals. In this paper, we introduce Zhongxun, a crowdsourcing platform for finding missing children that have been potentially trafficked. Users submit photos of children whom they suspect may be victims of trafficking. Zhongxun uses a facial recognition algorithm to match the submission against its database of photos missing children and returns those that are similar for followup action. Users may also provide feedback on the matches to improve the facial recognition algortihm. Zhongxun is a live system and is currently being used in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Wide Web (the Web) is ubiquitous in people's lives today and is used on a daily basis to get information on a variety of topics. While information seeking behavior has been studied extensively in a Web setting, many of these studies assume a task-oriented search for information even though much of the information seeking on the Web is not necessarily done with previously stated information needs or goals. Some Web information seeking activity is done for purposes of entertainment, or for simply connecting with other people (for example, via social media websites), oftentimes with an unstructured, serendipitous approach. Information seeking in general, and information acquisition, in particular, is a pleasurable activity in and of itself. Surfing the Web for pleasure is a prominent activity and worthy of our attention as researchers. To do so, we need an appropriate framework. This paper borrows ideas from a social-cognitive approach to the uses and gratifications paradigm in order to investigate the suitability of that framework in a Web information access setting. More specifically, we use the answers from questions we asked to 180 survey respondents about their motivations for surfing the Web for pleasure and their affective states during and after their surfing sessions. The findings indicate that the social-cognitive approach to uses and gratifications is a useful baseline. We make enhancements to it and propose our own framework for research in this area. We present data to bolster the notion that the seeking and acquisition of information brings pleasure and we propose a framework to study user motivations and affective states both during and after their "surfing the Web for pleasure" sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine the value of social question-answering (Q&A) services as a platform for social search. We present a quasi-field study where we instructed 20 study participants to use a social Q&A service, Yahoo! Answers, for a period of one week, and interviewed them about their experience with Yahoo! Answers based on the questions (N=99) they posted to the site. The results indicate that participants turned to a social search system when they needed firsthand information, diverse perspectives, and others' value judgments. Participants also preferred social search systems over web search engines in situations where they could obtain tailored information, access original and non-popular information, filter out information, and interact with real people. Various strategies that participants employed to ensure that their questions would be likely to be answered were also identified. This study contributes to the field of information science by investigating a social Q&A service using the framework of social search from the information seeker's perspective. The results have implications for developers and designers of social search systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-profit organizations (NPOs) must manage knowledge to be relevant, sustainable and competitive. The published literature suggests that stories can be effective for sharing knowledge and making tacit knowledge explicit; however, researchers have not examined storytelling as a knowledge management practice in NPOs in any depth. Similarly, few studies explore the roles of social media in NPOs, including their usefulness for knowledge management practices. This paper reports the results of a research study that examined how NPOs are using social media, with a particular focus on knowledge management practices. Qualitative interviews with 16 staff members working in a range of NPO environments (such as health, library and social services organizations) were conducted. The findings point to the value of storytelling for sharing the organization's mission, for monitoring the NPOs reach into the community, and as a mechanism for gathering knowledge from clients and other key stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dominant models for the conceptualization of trolling fail to address the subjective experiences of its victims. By bringing affect into perspective, this paper explores the negative impact of trolling on individuals, drawing on data from semi‐structured interviews with 19 respondents who were trolled on popular Chinese social networks (e.g., Weibo, Zhihu, Renren), blogs, and forums (e.g., Baidu Tieba, Tianya). Our preliminary findings suggest that: (1) the affective chain of trolling is materialized by the social network platforms' affordability and human actors' desire for intensity, and (2) the victims of trolling were overwhelmed by the accumulated affective intensities in circulation to which they were exposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This panel features junior and senior scholars from the United States, Denmark, and Brazil, who will come together to discuss some of the central tensions between local and global knowledge organization systems. They will be in conversation around three key questions: 1) What are the contexts in which local and global knowledge organization systems matter? 2) What can we learn about the stakes of global/local knowledge organization from those contexts? 3) How can we conceptualize the relationship between the universal and the particular? The panelists will provide brief overviews of their perspectives, and the majority of the time will be reserved for an interactive discussion of the epistemological, practical, and ethical dimensions of global and local knowledge organization. The contexts addressed will include libraries, archives, and digital, social, and popular media. Within those settings, the panelists are concerned with such issues as access, hegemony, intended and unintended consequences, and meaning construction in particular domains, spaces, and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we describe our preliminary findings of our multi‐site study on researchers' use of online scholarly tools. Using surveys and in‐depth interviews, our study will provide information professionals and scholars a 360‐degree panorama of the ways social media is impacting the dissemination and evaluation of scholarly research. At the visual presentation session, we will present the statistical results and analysis of our data, as well as individual case stories exemplifying the main findings. Additionally, we will have an activity where our audience can participate in the same card sorting exercise that study subjects did, and compare their results with the study participants, to better understand the value of various scholarly activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As social media continues to integrate into people's everyday lives, it provides a space for people to present their work and connect with others. This study seeks to understand how Dribbble.com, a site created in 2009 for visual designers to showcase their work, plays a role in the transformation of the visual design industry and design education. We use sociotechnical transitions theory to interpret 30 semi‐structured interviews with active Dribbble users. We find that the niche site Dribbble, along with the constellation of sites around it, are changing design regimes (the ways work gets done). Our Dribbble users report that the site changes how they develop and maintain their skills, find inspiration to solve design problems, keep up with trends, network with peers, produce and promote their portfolios and find jobs. However, the site also presents some challenges. For example, our interviewees indicate that they no longer receive constructive feedback on the platform. These emerging regimes are competing with, and coexisting with, existing design regimes. Our work contributes to social media studies by looking at under‐studied niche sites, like Dribbble, and how sites in the design space may be impacting the wider society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study which explores the theoretical aspects of social informatics and social media research. The researchers seek to draw implications for extending the conceptual and theoretical boundaries of social informatics. Other information about the theoretical advancement of social informatics research is presented.

Social media has become a mainstream channel of communication during the COVID‐19 pandemic. While some studies have been developed on investigating public opinion on social media data regarding COVID‐19 pandemic, there is no study analyzing anti‐quarantine comments on social media. This study has collected and analyzed near 80,000 tweets to understand anti‐quarantine social comments. Using text mining, we found 11 topics representing different issues such as comparing COVID‐19 and flu and health side effects of quarantine. We believe that this study shines a light on public opinion of people who are against quarantine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 outbreak has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. In the absence of treatment for this virus, public health officials asked the public to practice social distancing to reduce the number of physical contacts. However, quantifying social distancing is a challenging task and current methods are based on human movements. We propose a time and cost‐effective approach to measure how people practice social distancing. This study proposes a new method based on utilizing the frequency of hashtags supporting and encouraging social distancing for measuring social distancing. We have identified 18 related hashtags and tracked their trends between Jan and May 2020. Our evaluation results show that there is a strong correlation (p <.05) between our findings and the Google social distancing report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To monitor public opinions on diet, large survey data is commonly used though costly and time consuming. Social media has become a mainstream channel of communication and has drastically grown in popularity, connecting users to a ready stream of health information. While the literature has provided valuable information on the use of social media for health, a broader perspective informed by different types of social media platforms would be highly beneficial. Diet has been extensively explored on a few mainstream platforms, further informing public health research. However, diet conversations on Reddit have only been studied within a narrow scope, looking at specific sub‐communities. This study aims to characterize diet‐related posts and their seasonal patterns using a mixed method approach. We collected more than 500,000 posts with subsequent comments from Reddit over the course of a year. Our findings show that Reddit users across all sub‐communities primarily discussed health promotion, fitness plans, a healthy lifestyle, diet and fitness progress, food experiences, weight loss, as well as vegan and vegetarian diets. In addition, seasonal differences based on the weight of most topics, were found to be significant (p <.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the COVID‐19 pandemic has unfolded, Hate Speech on social media about China and Chinese people has encouraged social stigmatization. For the historical and humanistic purposes, this history‐in‐the‐making needs to be archived and analyzed. Using the query "china+and+coronavirus" to scrape from the Twitter API, we have obtained 3,457,402 key tweets about China relating to COVID‐19. In this archive, in which about 40% of the tweets are from the U.S., we identify 25,467 Hate Speech occurrences and analyze them according to lexicon‐based emotions and demographics using machine learning and network methods. The results indicate that there are substantial associations between the amount of Hate Speech and demonstrations of sentiments, and state demographics factors. Sentiments of surprise and fear associated with poverty and unemployment rates are prominent. This digital archive and the related analyses are not simply historical, therefore. They play vital roles in raising public awareness and mitigating future crises. Consequently, we regard our research as a pilot study in methods of analysis that might be used by other researchers in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media has become an important platform for users to share information in recent years. A large number of active users are sharing their daily lives and social issues in various platforms. At the same time, an interesting phenomenon is that functions like "three days visible" and "selected contacts visible" are also popular among users. In order to explore the information sharing behavior from the perspective of why users set these limits, we made a 15‐day observation on 21 college students' sharing behavior on WeChat Moments and conducted in‐depth interviews with 16 of them. The study summarizes the characteristics of users who set different types of limits from the observation. Sixteen factors influencing the behavior of setting limits were identified and categorized into three dimensions: social, psychological and technical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]