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The quick development of technology not only makes life easier but also raises several security concerns, so cyber security has become very important and vital research area, rather an inevitable part of computer system. Still, various research being done on the development of effective intrusion detection system (IDS). An IDS is one of the suspicious network activities. An IDS is used to identify many types of malicious actions that can undermine a computer system's protection and confidence. Recently, ensemble algorithms are applied in IDS in order to identify and classify the security threats. In this paper author intends to do a brief review of various Ensemble learning Algorithms in ML, which are most frequently used in IDS for several applications; with specific interest in dataset and metric. This work provides broad study and investigation on current literature, the gap for improving and creating efficient IDS can be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, the interaction between human beings and computers has become an increasing field of research due to its wide application of computational systems. Determination of the current state of human psychological problems, one of the most relevant techniques is emotion recognition. The dynamic behavior of human is crucial for its interpretation. So, Facial emotion recognition (FER) is an important research area for detection the of different facial emotions. In this paper, we proposed an Unconstrained Minimum Average Correlation Energy (UMACE) filter as a classifier for facial emotion recognition. We are applying this proposed method in the CK+ database and it can give a better recognition rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, technical and statistical analysis of Smart Living, one of the most important aspects of the next generation, has been provided with detailed information. Smart living refers to using technology and the internet of things (IoT) to pursue a more efficient, controllable, and productive lifestyle. In this century, with the increase in the global population, smart living is a significantly important criterion to ensure equal opportunities for all. Here a complete overview and case implementation are discussed, followed by an analysis of statistical data about the demand for smart living from a Techno-Socio point of view. Lastly, a few aspects and issues of Smart Living have been discussed, and a proposal is given to improvise it further for future research and possible implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health of Livestock is one of the growing concerns in today's world due to the increased population and the increased need for Dairy products. So, a regular checkup is required to improve the cattle's life duration and be kept in good health. Many dairies and farms have many farm animals, making it tough to care for them and routinely monitor the health of dairy cattle. The livestock health monitoring system aims to monitor each cattle's health. In this system, we use the Internet of Things and machine learning to observe the aspects of cattle's physical characteristics like temperature, heart rate, etc. In this paper, we have discussed the existing approaches to monitoring cattle's health and location tracking. Finally, a method has been discussed to improve the efficiency of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For proper monitoring of irrigation system, a smarter way of looking into this is very necessary. In this paper a smarter irrigation system is proposed which can monitor the moisture level of the crops and according to that feed the water to the different crops in the field. This smart system is comprising with an Arduino board alongside with a moisture sensor. Alongside with the smart irrigation system implementation of the renewables is also added here, Pumps are being feed by the PV system for maximizing the profit in electricity bill for the farmers. Electricity bill without using the renewables and with renewables is compared here, considering the installation cost of the PV system. Battery storage system is also considered for the intermittent nature of the renewable energy. By implementing solar customer benefit is also shown in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a MPPT based impedance source solar powered inverter is designed to convert solar power to an alternating supply. First a boost converter is built to transform variable input voltage to a fixed DC voltage of desired magnitude and then it is fed to the impedance source inverter. MPPT algorithm is used to track the maximum power while controlling the duty cycle of the boost converter. The integration of MPPT with impedance source converter (ZSI) is primarily motivated by its efficiency in power conversion and reliability, making it a favorable choice for various distributed generation power applications compared to voltage source inverters. In this paper, an analysis is conducted on a three-phase impedance source inverter using a straightforward boost control method. The analysis focuses on key aspects such as the boosted output voltage, total harmonic distortion (THD) of line current, voltage stress on switches, generation of shoot-through states, and converter gain. Simulation is carried out in MATLAB Simulink environment and the results are presented to verify the theoretical findings [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of smart industries and cities is expected to have profound effects, and the rapid advancement of smart gadgets may cause safety and security problems. In order to increase training and learning opportunities while simultaneously addressing the considerable challenges that educational institutions will face, higher education 4.0 will make use of modern technologies. By examining the key components, traits, and motivators of education 4.0, this paper intends to contribute to the development of smart education for a smart city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now days the impact of climate change in India are mostly affected to the agriculture field, most of the agricultural crops are being badly affected in terms of their performance of the crop. The crop yield is used to predict in advance because of its harvest, its help the farmers for taking good decisions in marketing. The results of knowing crop yield and building prototype for the purpose of easily available to the farmer. Thus, for such kind of data analysis in the crop, there are different techniques and algorithms to predict the crop in a field. In this we have used image processing algorithm. The data used are images are taken from the drone system. Our approach starts by seeing rows inside the area (or acre) and finding all the trees in a crop yield, by this knowing the size of plant in the crop can be easily to store the data of plants. Lately there has been a wide source of spatial photogrammetry available for agriculture. Most of this data gives new information about the crops. By analysis of crop statics and methods have not been widely performed due to limitations on the images and software involved. The classification was also validated by comparing dozens of trees in the field, with excellent results. The purpose of this paper is to provide farmers with a method for quickly and automatically classifying trees by size, regardless of the presence or absence of problems, so that they can more easily monitor the health of individual trees and gain a better grasp on how those trees are distributed across a given area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to introduce a new current-mode precision full-wave rectifier configuration using a single inverted Z-copy current differencing buffered amplifier (IZC-CDBA) and two nMOSFETs. The unique feature of the proposed configuration is that it can produce simultaneously both the inverting and non-inverting rectified outputs without changing its architecture. The use of only active components makes the configuration more suited for IC implementation. Moreover, it features low input impedance and high output impedance, making it fully cascadable. In addition, the new design enjoys extremely high-frequency operations. The effects of non-ideal transfer gain and parasitic impedances on the designed circuit are also explored. The functionality of the proposed circuit is tested by PSPICE simulations for two distinct types of IZC-CDBA realization. The CMOS-based realization is checked through TSMC 0.18 µm level-7 technology parameters. The average DC current output, input dynamic range (± 450 µA), power consumption, temperature, total harmonic distortion (below – 30.2 dB), noise, and Monte-Carlo studies are performed to judge the efficiency level. The findings of the simulations match up nicely with the theoretical analysis. As an application of the suggested full-wave rectifier, RMS and average value computation for a sinusoidal signal is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a gesture control motorized skateboard is implemented. The operations like moving at constant speed, acceleration, regenerative breaking is performed by our model. The skateboard is controlled by gesture of hand in gloves via sensors. In recent decades skateboarding has expanded from recreation into a form of transportation. Skateboarders appear to use roadways much as other non-motorized modes do. The work is another leap in that direction where a simple, efficient and affordable way of transport for short-distance transportation has been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mechanical ventilator is an automatic medical device that replaces or augments patient's lung for respiration. During operation, air pressure, volume flow rate, air volume and cycle duration must be set to meet a patient's needs. This can be achieved by designing and controlling the blower, which is the main turbomachinery of the device. Therefore, it is crucial to appropriately design the blower so that the ventilator can be operated as physicians direct. Recently when the coronavirus spread rapidly, there were many research works concerning mechanical ventilators. However, the design process has not been discussed. Hence, this paper presents a systematic design process for a blower in a mechanical ventilator. First, the initial operating point is determined by a conventional turbomachinery design process known as Cordier analysis, which can roughly identify the suitable machine type, size, and expected performance. Next, the Euler's turbomachine equation and the velocity diagram are used to calculate the rotor-to-fluid energy transfer. The process eventually results in a blade shape with the desired performance. Then, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are employed to verify the performance of the designed blower. In the case study, the designed ventilator blower has maximum static pressure of 11,000 Pa, flow rate of 0.0022 m3s−1 and rotating speed of 120,000 rpm. The computed performance curves are also presented in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drilling is a solid material removal process that makes use of a spinning cutting tool to create a circular cross-sectional hole. During drilling, it is important that states of drill bit penetration be observed so that drilling action can be adjusted or terminated to prevent failures. This paper presents the measurements and analysis of the drilling states in stepwise bone drilling process (pre-drilling, scraping, main drilling, and breakthrough states). Drilling tool interaction signals acquired from the drilling process were used for identifying each state of drilling. Experimental results show that different drilling states can be distinguished by considering patterns of peaks in the motor current measurement signal. The state of drilling breakthrough, which is usually the most important state, can also be recognized, providing the benefit of preventing excessive drilling, if needed, especially in case of critical bone surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gas diffusion layer (GDL) is an essential component of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). Not only does it provide mechanical support, allows reactants to flow toward the catalyst layer (CL) and helps water vapor reach the membrane, but it also enables capillary liquid transport away from the electrodes to avoid large concentration overpotentials and cell instability due to flooding. Artificially developing pathways for water removal using laser perforation is one of the techniques proposed to engineer water transport within the GDL. Since the capillary pressure in larger holes is lower than in the surrounding area, water from the neighbourhood is carried through the pores, leaving the remaining regions free of water and enabling better gas diffusion. The impacts of perforated GDLs, i.e., perforation location, on cell performance and other transport characteristics in a 5.1 cm2 PEFC with a single serpentine flow channel design are investigated in this paper. A full-cell numerical simulation was carried out in ANSYS FLUENT. The results revealed that the best flow channel design for the small-scale PEFC (the single-channel serpentine) might offer an even more outstanding performance of roughly 14% through perforating GDLs. Not only the performance but also the perforation provided better uniformity. The findings of this study potentially benefit the development of a GDL for water management in PEFC operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vertical farming (VF) allows for more plants to be cultivated in a particular land area, maximizing land-use efficiency. VF employs multileveled shelves enabling crops to be planted at each level. This paper aims to develop an optimization model that could generate a required setup of a vertical shelf that would meet the sunlight requirements of strawberries. Firstly, the simulation model was developed using Rhino (Rhinoceros) software with Grasshopper plugin, which can predict the sunlight availability at each VF shelf level. The model is validated by the experiment in Chiang Mai province, Thailand, at an elevation higher than 310 m above mean sea level. The experiment set up of the VF shelf with three levels was constructed, and the solar radiation values were recorded and validated against the radiation predicted by the model. The validated model is used to simulate the sunlight radiation on each level of the shelf for different shelf designs with varying vertical spacings between each level. These sets of predicted radiation values and vertical spacings are used to train the ANN (Artificial Neural Network) model. The ANN simulation model was developed using MATLAB software with Simulink and Neural Net Fitting App. The trained ANN model has an MSE (Mean Squared Error) of 0.00019621 and an R (the correlation coefficient) value of 0.9992. As a result, the optimization model could successfully give out the vertical spacing between each level of the VF shelf with an input of desired sunlight availability on each level. For the PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) of 600 µmol/m2/s on both levels, the spacing should be 51.34 cm from the top to the middle (y1) and 48.69 cm from the middle to the bottom (y2). To receive 600 and 500 µmol/m2/s on the middle and bottom level respectively, the levels should be placed 66.77 cm (y1) and 30.89 cm (y2) apart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In general, the thermodynamic power cycle of a mini-truck diesel engine has a thermal efficiency of less than 40%. During operation, its cooling system needs to transfer around 60% of the generated heat to air at the radiator. Nowadays, diesel engines have high performance, producing a large amount of mechanical power, which inevitably leads to a large amount of heat being rejected. Thus, the radiator demands a higher air flow rate. Additionally, fan efficiency is also important since the fan itself draws the power from the engine. Therefore, both performance and efficiency are critical parameters to be considered for the cooling fan. In Thailand, there is another consideration concerning the country's hot and humid environment with its frequent traffic jams in urban areas. This paper presents computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of a mini-truck engine cooling fan operating at two rotational speeds. The resulting fan static pressures and flow rates are compared with (limited) experimental data. The pressure values are roughly 11% different from the experimental data due to the pressure measuring locations. For the flow rates, the difference between the simulations and the experimental data are about 48%. The large differences are due to differences between the experimental method from the fan testing standard and the simplified simulation setup as well as possibly deviations in the 3D model of the fan geometry from the actual piece. Nevertheless, the performance trends from the simulations are consistent. For example, the ratio of the flow rates at the two operating conditions is close to that from the experimental data. Thus, the simulation methods as set up in this work have potential to be used in the design process of engine cooling fans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mini-channel heat sink has been developed to cool small devices, such as electronic devices and central processing units (CPUs). Due to the increasing demand of electric vehicles (EVs), a mini-channel heat sink has been applied in a battery cooling system that must be continually improved to ensure safe and efficient battery use. In spite of the major drawback of high-pressure drop, the mini-channel heat sink is an area of great interest among researchers because it can provide high thermal performance. In regard to reducing pressure drops, a dendritic channel has been developed to alleviate the high-pressure drop problem and provide a better temperature distribution. This paper is a proposal review related to dendritic mini-channel heat sink and its applications in battery cooling systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automotive wheel is an indispensable part of a motor vehicle as it is the first part that receives loads in various forms from applications such as falls, heavy cargo and cornering, etc. This paper presents the effectiveness of the analysis process using a finite element method to simulate the dynamic cornering fatigue test by comparing the experimental results with the finite element analysis (FEA) results obtained from three methods: full transient, modal transient and static structural methods. The static structural method was found to have the highest accuracy, with less than 2% error, and also the least computational time. It takes 97% less computational time than the full transient method. Therefore, this paper demonstrates that the static structural method is most effective in using the fatigue life analysis to improve design prior to actual testing to help reduce the cost and time of launching new products in the alloy manufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A passenger-bus represents one of the vehicle types that can cause serious damage during the accident. Its frontal crashworthiness may threaten substantial damage to life and property. This is because the design of a bus structure does not meet frontal crashworthiness standards and regulations. Currently, the design of a bus structure and manufacturing in Thailand only focuses on the overturned test. The front crash standard have not been yet considered as structural requirements. This paper introduces a novel design of a passenger-bus considering the frontal crash based on the standard of United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Regulation No. 29 (UN ECE-R29). A simulation model was done to determine the structural strength against the produced load considering a full-frontal impact. Finite element analysis was applied to evaluate frontal impacts. As a result, the energy absorption corresponding to the UN ECE-R29 regulation is 55 kJ, while the test model structure could absorb about 52.4 kJ of energy. In fact, the total deformation from the UN ECE-R29 signifies the severe deformation in the frontal structures, which caused the significant damage to the driver dummy. Clearly, reinforcement of the thin-walled tubular construction could improve a bus's structural strength. Consequently, the driver dummy is not affected by the structure's distortion, enhancing the safety and reliability standards for passenger-buses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is proposed to numerically study effects of impact angle, impact position, posture, and height of pedestrian on kinematics and injury responses. A finite element human body model was employed to develop vehicle-pedestrian crash simulations. A 50th-percentile adult male (AM50) in standing and walking postures were considered. The human body model was set to impact a passenger car at its corner and at the centre of the bumper with 90° and 45° impact angles. Eight simulations were conducted. Since Asian pedestrians are usually smaller than their American counterpart, this paper also investigated the effect of pedestrian height by scaling down the AM50 model to a typical Asian height and weight. Four additional simulations were conducted. It was found that the impact position at the vehicle front-end affected the head impact location. Impacting at the corner position had high chance of head impacting the A-pillar which led to severe head injury. Impact angles also showed influence on the kinematics and injury response. Knee bending moment for the 45°impact angle was smaller than the 90°impact angle while bone bending was not much different. The 90° impact angle exhibited lower head injury criteria than the 45° impact angle. The results also revealed that different pedestrian postures led to some different kinematics with respect to the head impact location and speed. Pedestrian in walking posture exhibited more severe head and thorax injuries while the standing posture showed higher bending moment of the lower extremities. Finally, the human body model with Asian height exhibited higher risk of head injury than using AM50 data. The results of this study will be useful to vehicle manufacturers in designing a front structure of the vehicle and pedestrian protection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the robust uses of linear programming is known as assignment problem. This is a special case of the transportation problem. Assignment problem manages the inquiry about how to dole out n items to m different articles in an injective style in the most ideal way. Mostly, researchers found numerous applications of Assignment problems in real world which are: Production planning, Telecommunication, VLSI design, Economics, etc. In this paper, we made an effort to solve assignment problems solved by new proposed method by Maximization Assignment Problem (MAP) by A.N. Jasim [17], Method of Solving Extension Interval (MSEI), Average Total Opportunity Cost Method (ATOC), New Approach to Zero Suffix Method (NAZs), Method by E. R. Wulan et al. [22] and compare it with the existing method. Some real-life examples are carried out which are related to profit maximization of assignment model to check validity of Assignment model and compared it graphically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper consists of the comparison on image processing using Minimal spanning tree and thresholding methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anisotropic Diffusion (AD) is a model that is used for edge preservation in image denoising process. The modification of the AD model is developed to overcome the problem of blurring effect in image. In order to maintain the edge structure of the denoised image, the optimal estimation of the parameters in the AD model is the main contributor to remove the noise smoothly without over-smoothing effect that may destroy the small structures of the images. In this paper, Douglas-Gunn Alternating Directional Implicit (DG-ADI) scheme is implemented into the AD model to remove the noise that corrupted the images since the scheme is unconditional stable and able to solve the nonlinear equation with multidimensional spaces efficiently. The parameter analysis on the gradient threshold, K parameter selection and its performance are evaluated based on different coefficient functions. The performance of the scheme is tested on several grayscale images and the implementation of the algorithm is using MATLAB R2013a. Experimental results show that the DG-ADI scheme able to remove noise with high range parameter and small-time step based on the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Structural Similarity Index (MSSIM) and Universal Image Quality Index (UIQI). The used of DG-ADI scheme in solving the AD model is useful in removing noise well while preserving the fine structures of image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assignment problems have become much more challenging for academic institutions in terms of course assignments to lecturers. The challenges include assigning a lecturer to a course or subject that is within their area of expertise, level of preference, and teaching competency. This has led to time-consuming, inefficient, and biased or unbalanced lecturer-to-course assignments. The modified Hungarian method (MHM) optimally solves the unbalanced assignment problems, especially for the situation, for example, when the number of jobs is always greater than the number of available machines, given that the jobs are expected to be completed within a respective time interval. Analysis of the MHM, focusing on the structure of the problems and types of applications, is presented in this paper. Various types of applications of MHM are found, however, there are limited existing studies focused on course allocation and assignments for lecturers in higher-level education institutions, especially considering the preference level and teaching competencies. Moreover, assessing lecturers' teaching competency in course assignment problems has never been found within the area of interest. For this reason, a conceptual model using the MHM method is introduced in this paper. The model is expected to contribute to enhancing lecturers' well-being, the teaching satisfaction level, and the quality of teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Processing jobs in different location with minimum completion time and customer's satisfaction is a big task for a production and planning engineers in an industry. In this paper, we propose a new heuristic method for solving flow shop machine with permutation and single machine situated at different locations. To obtain an optimal sequence, we consider a equivalent job for job block on giving a set of jobs processed on first two machines with transportation time by using Johnson's algorithm. To assemble these jobs, we introduce single machine with due date and obtain minimum makespan by using heuristic methods. Numerical examples are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant progress has been made in the field of lung cancer over the years (chemical rehabilitation, radiotherapy, individualized treatment). Nevertheless, lung cancer remains a threat to society and a leading cause of death for thousands of people worldwide. The subject of this paper is the diagnosis of lung cancer. Lung cancer is diagnosed using computerized tomography (CT) scans. To accurately diagnose lung cancer, different algorithms are used. The image is filtered through a sharp hidden filter in this case. The edges and areas of the cancer are detected using a flexible canvas method. To identify the features andpredict the risk of lung cancer, using the neural network. The K-Nearest Neighbors method is used to separate cancerand lungs. Lung cancer is diagnosed using computerized tomography (CT) scans. To accurately diagnose lung cancer, different algorithms are used. The image is filtered through a sharp hidden filter in this case. The edges and areas of the cancer are detected using a flexible canvas method. To identify the features and predict the risk of the Using a neural network to study lung cancer. The K-Nearest Neighbors method is used to separate cancer and lungs. Lung cancer has been growing in recent years, so it is very important to know if tumor has turned into cancer. Prognosis occurs early and Accurate predictions can save many lives and assist doctors in starting therapy. CT (computed tomography) is a type of imaging that uses a is important in determining the condition of a plant by determining its size, location, and other factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies Health of individuals, an ever needed, relevant, fertile and in addition an interesting study for a human being. It is a study of the health status of individuals using machine learning models-logistic regression, Decision Tree and Neural Networks-by questionnaire-based data collection and found the factors which are major contributing aspects towards an individual's health and lifestyle. The questionnaire used is a simple one which is shared to friends, colleagues and professional acquaintances through social media. The collected data is analyzed using Machine Learning models – Logistic regression, Decision tree and Neural Network – and found factors which are contributing in a major way towards an individual's mental as well as physical health in the long run. The analysis is performed using R platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a neutrosophic soft M-open set in a topological spaces. Also, we discuss about near open sets, their properties and examples of a neutrosophic soft M-open set. Moreover, we investigate neutrosophic soft M-interior and M-closure with their properties and examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph labeling idea was first proposed by Rosa in 1967. An assignment of values to the components of a graph subject to specific constraint(s) is known as graph labeling. If the vertices (or edges) are mapped to a set of numbers, then the labeling is called a vertex labeling (or an edge labeling). Various labeling of graphs have been probed in interim period in over 2000 papers[5]. E. Sampath kumar initiated the duplicate graphs and established many outcomes[7]. K. Thirusangu, et al. verified that the duplicate graph of ladder graph is total cordial and prime cordial [8]. Peng, Y., Bhaskara Rao, K.P.S. studied the properties of Zumkeller numbers in detail [6]. The theory of k-Zumkeller labeling had been analyzed in the literature [1,2,3,4]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Today's internet world, detecting Fake News is facing a difficult task. Data integrity has been of maximum importance in the current news era due to the extensive range of free text. Therefore, generating and developing fraudulent information is more painless than ever. The spreading of such fake news influences society from diverse inappropriate views. Online Social Networks has become increasingly popular to obtain news and information on the internet due to their widespread uses. However, false information has been spread widely due to the internet's rapid growth. As a result, detecting fabricated information is critical in our present culture. As a resolution, in this paper, a Deep learning approach is suggested to confirm the trustworthiness of news. It is also proposed as a Multimodal faked information detection method that utilizes both the textual and graphical content of the data to determine its authenticity. The first step is to pretrain the BERT model to achieve the textual feature representation vector. As a second step, pretraining the VGG-19 model generates a visual characteristic representation vector. Two MCBP (Multimodal Compact Bilinear Pooling) modules have been created based on the proposed methodology. Graphic feature representation vectors with alerts are obtained using the first MCBP module. MCBP's second module combines the visual feature with the attention process and the vector of textual elements. With a second MCBP module, the attention process and a textual feature vector are utilized to input visual quality. You may be able to exploit the linked vector to your advantage in detecting fake information. In this article, a comparison is performed between the proposed method and two standard methods. EANN and Spot Fake approaches have been compared in this work, and it has been found that the proposed strategy in this article outperforms both in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss fuzzy nano M-continuous, fuzzy nano M-irresolute, strongly fuzzy nano M-continuous and perfectly fuzzy nano M-continuous functions in fuzzy nano topological spaces. Also some of its properties are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study a single server queue with the customer's population is finite. The services are given singly as a well batches of fixed size. The inter arrival times and service times follows different exponential distributions. For this model the system state probabilities are obtained. Also we have obtained the expressions for some system performance measures and some special cases. We have provided some numerical illustrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent world, Solar energy is one of the most effective resource of renewable energy because of various factors like pollution, shortage of fossils etc,. Hence many research and development techniques are being made in this field. By tracking the direction of the sun that is by making direction of the solar panel in the direction of the sunlight, we can obtain greater efficiency at the output. The are two methods of tracking : single-axis and dual-axis sun tracking solar panels. Even though, the efficiency of dual-axis is more when compared to single-axis, it is not implemented because of its disadvantages like high initial cost, maintenance etc,. The proposed method overcomes one of the disadvantage that is reducing the cost without use of micro-controller. This paper presents the design and implementation of dual-axis sun tracking solar panel without the use of microcontroller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) denotes the ability to adapt the modulation scheme and the coding rate to the instantaneous quality of the radio link. The effectiveness of wireless communication is highly dependent on the channel conditions. The basic premise is to estimate the channel at the receiver and feed this estimate back to the transmitter, so that the transmission scheme can be adapted relative to the channel characteristics. As channel conditions worsen, a more robust modulation and coding scheme (MCS) is employed, whereas a highly efficient MCS is used if the channel conditions are good. Modulation and coding techniques that do not adapt to fading conditions require a fixed link margin to maintain acceptable performance when the channel quality is poor. So the systems are to be effectively designed for worst-case channel conditions. Various modulation schemes like Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) etc., are investigated in this paper. With channel quality obtained from the mobile receiver to the base station transmitter, adaptive modulation and coding can be employed to vary in accordance with the mobile wireless channel condition so as to improve bandwidth efficiencies with no increase in bit error rate of poor channels. AMC is a key technology used in LTE and also in 3GPP 5G NR (New Radio) standards. This project aims to implement the concept of AMC for efficient communication in changing wireless environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we show the efficacy of Unequal Error Protection (UEP) for data communication using punctured convolutional codes. We have considered PCM and numeric data types to analyse the performance of Unequal Error Protection scheme as compared to the conventional scheme. The performance is evaluated in terms of the decoding error distribution and the word error rate (WER) under Gaussian noise for both the schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If the nth centered polygonal number is denoted by Ck (n) then C k (n) = k 2 [ n (n − 1 ] + 1 , where k≥3 is the number of sides of the polygon. For k = 3, it gives centered triangular numbers. For k = 4 gives centered tetragonal numbers and so on. In this paper, we introduce the centered polygonal graceful labeling and we prove that the star, subdivision of the star, path, coconut tree, bistar and comb graph are centered polygonal graceful graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, to discuss the unit prices vary with the raw material ordering quantity and the finished production material inventory model. In this model to analysis the price of fixed ordering quantity are offered to encourage purchase more ordering quantity, even though when meeting raw material shortages. The defined price breaks up is given and obtaining optimum cycle length of the production quantity. The objective of model is to obtain the optimizing the material shortage time, total production cycle quantity and the total ordering inventory cost using price break up facility. The proposed model is developed in which use of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an analysis of finished production inventory model in various environments with price break up facility is considered. In general, it is not always possible to purchase all items by cash. In this situation a fixed credit period are allowed with price break up facility in which by the producer's to increase the production quantity and run the business vary smooth manner. This model to analysis with supply chain integrated finished production quantity by using price break up with credit periods. The goal is to determine the ideal batch size for finished production and calculate the associated inventory expenses based on the length of each replenishment cycle. Numerical examples are given in various price breaks up model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let Km,m be the complete bipartite graph with m vertices in each partite set and Km,m⊕I indicates Km,m with a 1-factor added. In this Paper, We investigated the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of {λP5, µC4}−decomposition of Km,m ⊕ I when m ≡ 3 (mod 4) and λ ≠ 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set D of vertices in a graph G is a dominating set if every vertex in V-D is adjacent to some vertex in D. The domination number γ(G) is the minimum cardinality of the dominating set of G. A set of vertices in a graph is independent if no two vertices in it are adjacent. An Independent dominating set of G is a set that is both dominating and independent in G. The minimum cardinality of Independent dominating set is called as Independence Domination number. In this paper, we discuss the independent dominating set and domination number for some wheel related graphs such as Spider web graph W(t,n−1), Flower graph Fln, and Sunflower graph Sfn. We also deduce the independent domination number of some path related graphs such as Fan graph Fm,n, Coconut tree graph CT(n,k) and Book graph Bm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let N(Ģ) consists set of nodes and L(Ģ) consists set of links in a connected graph Ģ with r links and nodes,|N(Ģ)|≤|L(Ģ)|, a function g: L(Ģ)-> {1,2, ..., r} for its induced node (vertex) labeling g * : N(Ģ)-> N is defined by g* (v) =Min{v є N(Ģ): g(ek) incident on v,1≤ k≤r and ek є L(Ģ)}, such that no two nodes must share the same minimum link is called the minimal labeling. If a graph admits minimal labeling then the graph is called minimal label graph. The minimal and maximal labeling for path, cycle, star, wheel and bistar are also discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Survival analysis is a branch of statistics deals to analyze and model the time to event data. To tackle this censoring problem, statistical strategies have been widely explored in the literature. To deal with survival data, traditionally many methods including Nonparametric, Semiparametric, Parametric and Bayesian Models were incorporated. But these methods require some assumptions, but many machine learning techniques (Survival Decision Tree, Survival Random Forest, Naive Bayes and Logistic Regression) are designed to handle survival data and other challenges that may emerge in real-time data. In this paper, the author elaborates significance of these methods for survival data and identified important variables for the specified event for three real time data. Important variables were prioritized using random forest's variable selection methods, and the results were compared to survival approaches. Supervised Machine Learning Methods were applied, and survival analysis was used to validate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce and investigate neutrosophic soft e-continuous maps and neutrosophic soft e-irresolute maps in neutrosophic soft topological spaces with examples. Further, we derive some useful results and properties related to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have obtained an upper estimate for the norm of the basis vectors of the lattice Λ in terms of the homogeneous minimum of the lattice μ. Such estimates are used to estimate and find the vector and closest vector problems on lattices. In this paper, we essentially use the geometric construction of the basis of an admissible lattice and some properties of matrix arithmetic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trigonometric spline is an immerging field in Computer Aided Geometric Design (CAGD). Various trigonometric splines have been developed with different basis functions, degrees, and continuity. Another essential feature of the trigonometric spline is the shape parameter, which is used to control the shape of the curve and increase flexibility. However, the range of this shape parameter is limited because it is restricted to the properties of the curve, such as convex hull and positivity. Therefore, this paper widens the shape parameter range by considering the complex number. The complex number as a shape parameter not just only has increased the flexibility of the curve, and it is also crucial in engineering and science. They have application in many areas, including control theory, signal analysis, relativity, and fluid dynamics. It is a need to interpolate these complex data using an appropriate curve for presentation and further analysis of the data. The basis functions developed by Munir, N.A.A.A et al. (2018) is modified using Euler's formula for trigonometric functions. The proving of the new basis properties is also presented. This new function has two shape parameters, r and m, which have different curve shape control. Finally, the function has experimented on several data points, including the font of the letter 'B' and 'C'. The results show that the complex basis function and the complex shape parameters have increased the flexibility of the curve and represent straight lines perfectly. Furthermore, one parameter gives a unique wiggle shape to the curve shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to discuss the maximum flow approach model in the heptagonal fuzzy transportation problem. A numerical example is also discussed to demonstrate our proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In measurable and civilian applications, multibiometric arrays with facial and ear sensors are increasingly being implemented to overcome facial expression and occlusion posture issues. Various ear and collision detection methods have been proposed and much work has been done, but the areas are 3D data localization and 3D ear detection. This paper captures 3D ears under an unusual type of yaw. This yaw can be performed naked or in the right ear without prior knowledge of ear area strategies, identifiable ear signs, and prior posture. Displays posture classification based on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is a preface to the Proceedings of the International Conference on Mathematics and its Scientific Applications (ICMSA 2022). The conference took place on March 3-4, 2022, at the Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The conference was organized by the Department of Mathematics and was held online via the Zoom platform. The aim of the conference was to provide a platform for mathematicians and engineers to present new models in their respective fields. Around 200 research papers were received and 68 were selected for possible publication in the Scopus Indexed AIP proceedings. The editors of the AIP Conference Proceedings accepted the selected papers for publication. The preface expresses gratitude to the contributors, the conference organizers, and the advisory and technical committee members for their support and guidance. [Extracted from the article]

Agriculture has always been considered a lifestyle, especially in rural India rather than a revenue making market. In the present trend of automation, machines make decisions which are rational, reasonable and accurate. In this state of art technology Internet of Things (IoT) is paving a new path in automation. Therefore, in this paper, the research is carried to employ the IOT technology in the field of agriculture. A rover, capable of reading all essential parameters like soil moisture, temperature, humidity, air quality, sunlight and rain is developed in this research. These detected parameter values by rover are then transmitted to a comprehensive interface, a Mobile application. Mobile application will then give the customized predictions such as soil moisture and temperature based on soil-type. With the help of these parameter values a farmer can take necessary measures to maintain the crop in optimum conditions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass in its original form with low bulk density causes large transport and storage costs, and therefore, it cannot be used as an effective combustion fuel. Densification of biomass using briquetting technology can resolve the aforementioned issues and enhance the effectiveness of biomass as a combustible fuel. The relevance of using this fuel in thermal conversion processes is growing because it is abundant and under-explored. Hence, examining the fuel characteristics of these resource materials is imperative for their effective utilization in energy generation. The aim of the present work is to assess the suitability of various agricultural and aquatic residues as sources of briquette production by determining their fuel properties. Sixteen types of agricultural and aquatic residues which are abundantly available in Kerala (southwestern coastal state of India) were selected for this investigation. The fuel properties of the selected feedstock materials were determined using proximate analysis, elemental analysis, and heating value testing. The density, moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content percentage, and fixed carbon percentage of the feedstock material were carried out according to different ISO standards. Furthermore, the elemental analysis and the heating value of all the feedstock materials have been determined. Finally, the paper concludes by comprehensively listing all the fuel properties of the feedstock materials investigated in this study. The density of the feedstock materials ranged from 105.92 to 700.10 kg/m3. The fuel properties showed that Water hyacinth leaves, oil palm fruit bunch, saw dust; grass waste, dry leaves, vegetable market waste, and spent tea waste have significant potential for bio-briquette production. Also, from the characterization of the feedstock material, it is evident that rice husk and banana peel have higher ash content (above 20 %). Therefore, they are not appropriate for the production of biomass briquettes. The fuel properties of various agro aquatic residues for briquette production obtained from this study are expected to be of great use to the manufacturers in the briquetting of these feedstock materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar air heater (SAH) an economical and eco-friendly thermal system for drying products and have been used in plenty in the agricultural sector. This paper deals with a comparative study on the performance evaluation of SAH with and without thermoelectric generator (TEG) to self powered the system to create forced circulation using self power and external power. Extensive theoretical analyses for agricultural produces were observed. With the inclusion of the TEG module, there was an energy savings and an improving the drying performance with respect to the decrease in moisture content. It is concluded that with TEG gives 32.50% higher solar drying efficiency than without TEG without any additional solar radiation input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]