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Minority groups differ from one another, among other things, in the extent to which they are integrated into or apart from the societies to which they belong. The extent of this integration or apartness is reflected in the various ways in which the minorities differ from the rest of the population, such as in the effect of economic class upon voting. No minority group is ever completely integrated into its society, for complete integration is tantamount to the extinction of group identity. No minority group is ever completely apart, for the term "minority" implies the existence of a majority with which the minority forms a common society. The dimension of integration-apartness is related to but not identical with the dimension of assimilation. Assimilation refers to the replacement or modification of group characteristics as a consequence of out-group contacts. Integration refers to the extent a minority actually forms a part of the body politic of its society. Thus, German "non-Aryan" Christians were fully assimilated but, in the Third Reich, certainly not integrated into the German society. In general, the term "integration" is applicable at various levels of analysis. We talk of the integration of individuals into groupings, the integration of these groupings into further units, and the integration of these into larger units in turn. In the case of our study, individuals are more or less integrated into their respective minority groups, and these in turn are more or less integrated into their respective societies. We are concerned in this paper with developing a measure for the degree of integration of minority groups into their societies. The basic proposition of this paper is: The more apart a minority group is from its society, the more will it differ from that society as a whole in the effect of economic class upon voting. An analysis of the voting of two minorities in Central Europe illustrates the above proposition. This is followed by comments on minority group voting in the United States and Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main object of this paper is to separate several strands in the relationship between the works of Marx and Max Weber. Max Weber has rightly been regarded as Marx's most profound intellectual critic. But there has been much confusion in subsequent literature over the nature and validity of Weber's critique of Marx. This perhaps stems, in part at least, from a failure to distinguish a number of different, although interrelated, themes in Weber's writings. Weber wrote not simply as a critic of Marx, but also in response to the writings and political involvements of the prominent Marxists of his day. Three partially separable aspects of Weber's views thus may be isolated: (a) His attitude towards Marxism in the shape of the main Marxist political agency in Germany, the Social Democratic Party. (b) His views upon the academic contributions of Marxist authors to history and sociology. (c) His views upon what he considered to be Man's own original ideas. These three aspects of Weber's thought may in turn be distinguished from the analytic problem of how far Weber's own understanding of Marx's theory of historical materialism was in fact a valid one. Some of Marx's posthumously published writings, unavailable to Weber, allow us to form a clear judgement on this question. The historical changes in the social and political structure of Germany from the middle to the latter part of the nineteenth century form an essential background to the whole of the paper: Weber's attitudes toward Marx and Marxism cannot be understood out of this context. Weber's work was written not solely in response to a wraith-like "ghost of Marx", but also in response to a force--Marxism--which played a vital political and intellectual role in Imperial Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the report of the fourth international symposium on the theory of traffic flow, that was held in Karlsruhe, Germany, in June, 1968. The symposium was attended by 154 participants from all over the world. Here, authors present brief comment on each paper discussed in the symposium. The paper entitled "A Study of Driver-Aided Car Following," by R. E. Fenton and W. B. Montano described recent experiments with a car controlled by a control, stick with a finger presenting a built-in kinesthetic tactile aid to the driver. The paper entitled "On Some Theoretical Traffic Problems" by J. Gustavsson, dealt with two topics, the asymptotic average speed of a vehicle on a long journey, and numerical examples illustrating the author's model for overtaking on a two-lane road. "An Analysis of Delays to Vehicle Platoons at Traffic Signals," by R.E. Allops examined the problem of the delay to a traffic platoon at an unsaturated traffic signal, the theoretical result being expressed in terms of the arrival pattern and duration of the platoon and the arrival time of the leading vehicle.

Presents a commentary on J. G. Hajdu's analysis of German social geography in his paper "Toward a Definition of Post-War German Social Geography" that was previously published in the 1968 issue of the "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." Points addressed in the paper that should receive greater emphasis; Lack of theoretical framework; Prevalence of German social geography considered as locational analysis in human geography.

This article presents information of various papers that were discussed in the meetings related to analytical psychology that were held in 1966-67. The German Society for Analytical Psychology organized a conference in Berlin, on February 17-18, 1966. Some of the papers discussed at the conference were "case report on a depressed woman patient" by Hildemarie Streich, "family destinies in the light of the myth of the curse on the house of Atreus" by Gerda Bertram. A conference "Instinct and symbol formation" was organised by the Swiss Society of Analytical Psychology on May 6-7, 1967 at Switzerland. Various papers that discussed at the conference were " Psychological phenomena during menstruation" by Marilyn Nagy, "Animals in dreams" by Mario Jacoby.

The relationship between societal values and political, particularly democratic development has been of interest to many students of politics. This paper reports data on the values of German society before WW I. An instrument to measure value orientations on the basis of Action Theory is described and its underlying assumptions as well as those pertaining to the use of fiction as a source on values in historical periods are discussed. Findings are reported concerning Prussians and Southerners, two major groups in German society. The data show that Germany was characterized by high value heterogeneity of its population, a factor which contributed to the lack of national democratic development before WW I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, based on a paper read before the Royal Society of Medicine, points out that industrial efficiency is as much a problem of physiology and psychology as of engineering. The effect of nutrition on efficiency is considered with particular reference to the rationing of bread ; and other factors, such as air conditions, working hours and training are briefly discussed. An account is given of the extremely interesting training methods pursued by the Deutsche Institut für technische Arbeitsschulung, or Dinta, of Düsseldorf [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author of this paper, Secretary to a London Juvenile Advisory Committee, compares the methods of vocational guidance used in London with those which she found in Berlin. It will be noted that in Berlin the vocational psychologist is engaged in solving problems of selection rather than of guidance : he is usually asked to determine by a series of tests of abilities whether and, if so, in what degree a given child appears fitted for one specified occupation. The vocational adviser refers to the psychologist only about ten per cent. of the applicants for guidance—mainly cases where there is conflict of opinion or indecision or where skilled apprenticeship is under consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores certain aspects of the phenomena associated with rural modernization in a selected case. It traces the chain of events and changes in attitudes that led to the introduction of tractors and, subsequently, to the problem of 'over-mechanization' of agriculture in a once traditional, relatively isolated, peasant village in southern Germany. An acculturation model is employed for analytical purposes. Diffusion is treated as the necessary condition for technological modernization to occur and the roles and attitudes of initial adopters are explored in detail. Four socio-historical stages are studied: i) presentation, 2) acceptance, 3) integration, and 4) aftermath or repercussions. One unanticipated consequence has been the problem of over-mechanization relative to the productive capabilities of existing land resources. Land is regarded as the only basis for economic security in an uncertain world, and villagers cling to their holdings even though almost all are employed in industry. The use of modern machinery is considered essential. This phenomenon, which may be inefficient on a strictly cost-account basis, may nevertheless be functional in social terms, serving to stabilize a rural society in transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]