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Information on teaching and research in international law for countries of the Asia-Pacific region is presented in proceedings of a 1984 conference sponsored by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. In addition to a regional overview, suggestions are offered for promoting regional cooperation in international law. Challenges in the teaching and study of international law, problems areas for students graduating in international law, and problems of the profession are considered. Status reports for nine countries on teaching and research in international law are provided by conference participants as follows: Australia (James Crawford), India (M. L. Upadhyaya), Indonesia (Komar Kantaatmadja), Japan (Onuma Yasuaki), Republic of Korea (Chi Young Pak), Pakistan (M. A. Mannan), The Philippines (Adolfo S. Azcuna), Sri Lanka (A. R. B. Amerasinghe), and Thailand (Vitit Muntarbhorn). Appendices include: a conference program, list of participants and brief introductory conference addresses by Jae Hoon Choi, E. Hyock Kwon, Bong-shik Park, and Yogesh Atal. (SW)

Timely analysis of trends and issues in TVE can help TVE stakeholders cope with rather than oppose them. Educating in the direction of the trend and resolving the important issues can maximize TVE's chance of success. The purpose of this paper was to identify trends and issues in the TVE in 10 Indo-Pacific countries. To achieve this purpose, a cross-country analysis with a word cloud analysis was employed. Consequently, the following nine trends were identified: (1) Accelerated adaptation to emerging technologies and the evolution of industry; (2) Improving or diversifying TVE accessibility and increasing the enrollment rate; (3) Enhancing alignment between the TVE and higher education sectors; (4) Promoting employment-based, work-based, or competency-based learning models; (5) Strengthening TVE educators'/trainers' practical skills, industrial working experience, or qualification requirements; (6) Gearing TVE with lifelong learning; (7) Encouraging employer or industry involvement in TVE; (8) Enhancing quality assurance and autonomy in the TVE system; and (9) Providing more career counseling or career exploration. In addition, the following six issues were identified: (1) TVE does not have the same positive public image as academic education; (2) Insufficiency of qualified TVE trainers/teachers; (3) Extreme challenges to teach hands-on skills online; (4) Weak involvement of social partners; (5) Fragmentation of TVET management; and (6) The continued lack of a well-constructed qualification framework and quality assurance system.

This document contains 39 papers and 13 poster presentations from a conference on technological education and national development. The following are among the papers included: "The Future of Technological Education and Vocational Education: UNESCO's (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization's) Perspective" (Adnan Badran); "Vocational Technical Education and Training in Palestine--A Proposal for a National Strategy" (Hisham Kouhail); "Women and Education in Lebanon" (Bahia Hariri); "Higher Education and the Emerging Role of Women in the UAE (United Arab Emirates)" (Howard E. Reed); "The Impact of Rapid World Technological Changes on the Polytechnic in Africa in the 1990s and Beyond" (Elifa Ngoma); "The National Labour Force: Self-Sufficiency and Development: Role of Technical Education and Vocational Training--the Experience of the Sultanate of Oman" (Mohammed bin Hafeedh Al-Dhahab); "Cultural Diversity in a Tertiary Institution: Threat or Opportunity" (Kobus Vorster); "The Need for Industrial Human Resources Development in Developing Countries" (Shadrack Njah Ndam); "Prospects for Trade and Industry in the UAE" (Anis Al Jallaf); "Reforming Technological Education" (Nahayah Mabarak Al Nahayan); "School-to-Work Policy Insights from Recent International Developments" (David Stern); "Competency-Based Education--Neither a Panacea nor a Pariah" (John A. Bowden); "Reforming Technological Education--Imperatives for Change" (John Hillier); "Creating Motivating Interactive Learning Environments" (John Hedberg); "Capitalising on Interactive Multimedia Technologies in Dynamic Environments" (James A. Senn); "Assuring Quality in International Education: An Institutional Perspective" (Keith C. Short); "Operating Decentralised Education Systems and Maintaining Standards: Experience in England" (William Stubbs); "Meeting the Work Force Demands of the Future Market" (Mohammed Al Abbar); "The Power of Partnerships" (Tayeb A. Kamali); "The International Experience of Technological Training" (Maurice Gross); "Partnerships in Training through National and International Networking" (Jeff Gunningham); "The Dual Community--Training Technicians and Business Involvement: An International Perspective" (Gert Loose); "Strengthening Professional Pilot Education through Academic/Industry Collaboration" (Thomas J. Connolly); "Modern Geomatics and National Development" (D.R. Fraser Taylor); and "English for Technology" (Graham Elliott). Many papers contain substantial bibliographies. (MN)

We are delighted to welcome you to the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2017, taking place in Budapest, Hungary, from 29 of April to 1 of May, 2017. Modern psychology offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, aims ultimately to benefit society. This International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. The conference is a forum that connects and brings together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. There is an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. InPACT 2017 received 243 submissions, from 35 different countries from all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. It was accepted for presentation in the conference 128 submissions (29% acceptance rate). The conference also includes: (1) Two keynote presentations by Prof. Dr. Leslie G. Walker (Professor of Cancer Rehabilitation at the University of Hull, United Kingdom) and by Prof. Dr. Howard S. Schwartz (Professor of Organizational Behavior in the School of Business Administration, Oakland University, USA); and (2) Two Special Talks one by Prof. Dr. Michael Wang (Professor of Clinical Psychology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom), and the other by Dr. António Alvim (Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Portugal). We would like to express our gratitude to all our invitees. This volume is composed by the papers of the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT 2017), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.). The Conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. The conference program includes six main broad-ranging categories that cover diversified interest areas: (1) Clinical Psychology: Emotions and related psychological processes; Assessment; Psychotherapy and counseling; Addictive behaviors; Eating disorders; Personality disorders; Quality of life and mental health; Communication within relationships; Services of mental health; and Psychopathology. (2) Educational Psychology: Language and cognitive processes; School environment and childhood disorders; Parenting and parenting related processes; Learning and technology; Psychology in schools; Intelligence and creativity; Motivation in classroom; Perspectives on teaching; Assessment and evaluation; and Individual differences in learning. (3) Social Psychology: Cross-cultural dimensions of mental disorders; Employment issues and training; Organizational psychology; Psychology in politics and international issues; Social factors in adolescence and its development; Social anxiety and self-esteem; Immigration and social policy; Self-efficacy and identity development; Parenting and social support; Addiction and stigmatization; and Psychological and social impact of virtual networks. (4) Legal Psychology: Violence and trauma; Mass-media and aggression; Intra-familial violence; Juvenile delinquency; Aggressive behavior in childhood; Internet offending; Working with crime perpetrators; Forensic psychology; Violent risk assessment; and Law enforcement and stress. (5) Cognitive and Experimental Psychology: Perception, memory and attention; Decision making and problem-solving; Concept formation, reasoning and judgment; Language processing; Learning skills and education; Cognitive Neuroscience; Computer analogies and information processing (Artificial Intelligence and computer simulations); Social and cultural factors in the cognitive approach; Experimental methods, research and statistics; and Biopsychology. (6) Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy: Psychoanalysis and psychology; The unconscious; The Oedipus complex; Psychoanalysis of children; Pathological mourning; Addictive personalities; Borderline organizations; Narcissistic personalities; Anxiety and phobias; Psychosis; Neuropsychoanalysis. This volume contains the papers and results of the different researches conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to study and develop research in areas related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters that are hereby sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. We would like to express thanks to all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, and of course, to the organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. [Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines. For the 2016 proceedings, see ED580800.]

This study examined four causal attributions (ability, effort, task difficulty and luck) for success and failure in achievement and affiliation contexts across five countries (U.S., South Africa, Japan, India, and Yugoslavia) in three subject majors: teacher training, social science, and science. Each 5x2x3x2 analysis of variance assessed the effects of five countries, both sexes, and three academic majors repeated across both success and failure situations. Although there was some support of earlier studies of sex differences and western-eastern country distractions, the findings are more complex than previously determined using a single dimension and only one context. Results suggest more similarities than differences among subjects from the five nations studied. They believed their failures mainly due to lack of effort. Females attributed their achievement significantly less to contextual factors than did males. Education majors attributed more to context than did social science majors. Social affiliation was attributed more to ability than to other causes, and more so by females than by males. (Author/CTM)

The purpose of this study was to expand the previous limited locus of control focus of gender differences cross-nationally by shifting to an attributional model for both successes and failures in both achievement and affiliation domains in order to test the hypothesis that women differ from men in their attributional patterns for achievement and affiliation across various attributional factors for success/failure outcomes. The Multidimensional-Multiattributional Causality Scale was administered to a total of 684 college students from India, Japan, South Africa, Yugoslavia, and the United States. There were significant differences between males and females across all five countries for achievement attributions to task, and for the internal/external dimension. The differences for attributions to ability, effort, and luck, as well as for the stable/unstable dimension, were not significant. All these differences were generally small, and so may not be meaningful. Gender differences appeared to be stronger in the affiliation than in the achievement domain. (Author/BW)

Reports and summaries of papers presented at the 1981 Regional Symposium on Distance Teaching in Asia are presented. The symposium, which was represented by 22 countries, was organized by the Universiti Sains (University of Science) Malaysia as part of the activities associated with the completion of 10 years of off-campus program facilities. The symposium was designed to promote information exchange among scholars involved in distance teaching, extension education, and external degree programs; to promote understanding of the problems involved in the teaching and learning process of self-learning programs; and to identify approaches to raise the effectiveness of distance teaching programs in the various countries. Reports on distance education in the following countries are presented: South Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Thailand, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Malaysia. Selected papers on the following topics are summarized: philosophy, goals, and objectives of distance educational systems; infrastructure, staff training, and educational technology; problems in distance education; research on distance education; and attainment of regional cooperation in Asia. Information on the University of Science Malaysia and the opening and closing sessions of the symposium are included. (Author/SW)

The paper presented in this three-part conference report trace the growth and development of distance education in the Asian and Pacific region. Part 1 provides a general review. Part 2 contains the following case studies: "Distance Education in India" (S. P. Mullick); "Distance Education in Indonesia" (Professor Setijadi); "Distance Education in Pakistan" (Shaukat Ali Siddiqui); "Distance Education in the Republic of Korea" (Kwon Soonchan and Chandong Kim); and "Distance Education in Thailand" (Iam Chaya-Ngam). The following country papers are included in part 3: "Distance Education in Australia" (Vernon White); "Distance Education in Bangladesh" (K. M. Sirajul Islam); "Distance Education in Bhutan" (Zangley Dukpa); "Distance Education in Burma" (Kyaw Sein); "Distance Education in Fiji" (Hari Ram); "Distance Education in Hong Kong" (Michelangelo Pagliari and John Anthony Frost); "Distance Education in Japan" (Yoshiya Abe); "Distance Education in Malaysia" (G. Dhanarajan); "Distance Education in New Zealand" (Douglas Gunn and Peter McMechan); "Distance Education in Papua New Guinea" (John Paul and Howard Van Trease); "Distance Education in the Philippines" (Remigio Romulo); and "Distance Education in Sri Lanka" (D.A. Kotelawele). (MN)

To examine how different cultures define and express love, a study focused on the discourse concerning love as advanced by four students from India, Iran, Japan, and Norway. The discourse was recorded on two different occasions: an extended interview about students' perceptions of love both in their countries and in the United States; and a panel discussion on the subject of love. The tapes yielded one hour of discourse which was analyzed as a means of isolating likenesses and differences in how cultures perceive and signal love. The discourse was examined by combining B. Brummett's "consensus criticism" and G. Lakoff and M. Johnson's theory of metaphors. Analysis revealed that international students used four dominant metaphors in their perceptions as well as expressions of love: love as a product; love as play; love as a contract; and love as responsibility. This finding reveals the important role metaphors play in intercultural communication. (MM)

Examining the impact of news on people's knowledge about and favorableness of opinion toward six foreign countries, a study conducted telephone interviews with 374 adult residents in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, during November 1984. The nations selected for study included three developed countries (Britain, the Soviet Union, and Japan) and three developing countries (Mexico, India, and Venezuela). Knowledge about the countries was measured by asking respondents to identify the capital and estimate the population and income per person for each country. Respondents were also given the name of each country's political leader and were asked to name that leader's country. Favorableness of opinion was assessed by asking respondents to rate each country on a scale of zero to 100, with zero representing an extremely unfavorable opinion. News orientation variables included traditional exposure items and measures of attention to news. Results indicated that individuals acquire knowledge about the characteristics of developing and developed countries from news in cosmopolitan print media, and from attention to news. Furthermore, data showed that an individual's attention to news about developed countries may contribute to more favorable impressions of them. Results provided evidence consistent with both the optimistic view (media enhances audiences' understanding of nations) and the pessimistic view (audiences acquire negative attitudes from news about developing countries) of news impact on audience knowledge. (Seven tables of data are included, and three pages of footnotes and 35 references are appended.) (MM)

The International Communication section of the proceedings contains the following 15 selected papers: "'News Aid', the New Aid: A Case Study of Cambodia" (J. L. Clarke); "Development of Public and Private Broadcasting in Post-Communist Estonia: 1991-1996" (Max V. Grubb); "Revealing and Repenting South Korea's Vietnam Massacre: A Frame Analysis of a Korean News Weekly's Engagement in Public Deliberation" (Nam-Doo Kim); "Echoes in Cyberspace: Searching for Civic-Minded Participation in the Online Forums of 'BBC MUNDO,''Chosun Ilbo,' and 'The New York Times'" (Maria E. Len-Rios, Jaeyung Park, and Dharma Adhikari); "Going Global: Choosing the Newspapers We'll Need To Read in the Digital Age" (Richard R. Gross); "The Private and Government Sides of Tanzanian Journalists" (Jyotika Ramaprasad); "Readers' Grievance Columns as Aids in the Development of India" (David W. Bulla); "Supreme Court Obscenity Decisions in Japan and the United States: Cultural Values in the Interpretation of Free Speech" (Yuri Obata and Robert Trager); "Redefining Local News: How Daily Newspapers Reflect Their Communities' International Connections" (Beverly Horvit); "Rooted in Nations, Blossoming in Globalization? A Fresh Look at the Discourse of an Alternative News Agency in the Age of Interdependence" (Jennifer Rauch); "The Death of Diana: A Multi-Nation Study of News Values and Practices" (Anne Cooper-Chen, Margie Comrie, Tsutomu Kanayama, and Kaarle Nordenstreng); "Freedom of the Press: A World System Perspective" (Shelton A. Gunaratne); "Criss-Crossing Perspectives: Assessing Press Freedom and Press Responsibility in Germany and the United States" (Horst Pottker and Kenneth Starck); "The Shrinking World of Network News" (Daniel Riffe and Arianne Budianto); and "Revising the 'Determinants of International News Coverage in the U.S. Media': A Replication and Expansion of the 1987 Research on How the U.S. News Media Cover World Events" (Kuang-Kuo Chang and Tien-tsung Lee). (RS)

The International Communication section of the proceedings contains the following nine papers: "Mobile Satellite Communications--From Obscurity to Overkill" (Patricia T. Whalen); "Does Television Cultivate the Image of America in Japan?" (Shinichi Saito); "Linking International News to U.S. Interests: A Content Analysis" (Daniel Riffe); "Colonial Interventions and the Postcolonial Situation in India: The English Language, Mass Media, and the Articulation of Class" (Radhika E. Parameswaran); "Recent Developments in Freedom of Information in Great Britain: A Preliminary Appraisal of the Government's 'Code of Practice'" (Wallace B. Eberhard); "Insurgent Technology: The Political Ramifications of the Internet in Africa" (David N. Dixon); "Japan's Clouded Window: News on NHK and TBS Television, 1993" (Anne Cooper-Chen); "Media Imperialism Revisited: The Countercase of Asia" (Kalyani Chadha); and "Media and the Politics of Citizens' Press Movement in Korea, 1985-1993" (Yung-Ho Im). (RS)