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This paper is the initial discussion of a larger project Tattoo and Information, exploring tattoos as an information and communication phenomenon from multicultural perspectives and various use purposes. The overall purpose of the project is to provide insight into information seeking and experience in the context of tattoos to identify information literacy, visual literacy and cultural literacy skills as well as communications skills necessary for a successful tattoo experience in Aotearoa New Zealand. In this paper, we present findings from the literature review accompanied by preliminary insights from four interviews. The findings reflect thematic areas of research focusing on tattoos and gaps that exist. We used interviews to capture what topics emerge from tattoo narratives and whether they align with topics and gaps identified in the literature review. Based on the findings, we identify areas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of a larger project, this paper reports on preliminary findings of a study exploring use cases of ChatGPT and associated behaviors and experiences among users of an online forum. Posts on a ChatGPT‐related forum on Reddit (n = 452) were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. This paper reports on themes relevant to this study, including the types of tasks for which users used ChatGPT, user experiences, and perceived impacts of ChatGPT. ChatGPT was often used to facilitate various writing tasks (e.g., writing an essay), academic tasks (e.g., finding scientific references for a research paper), everyday tasks (e.g., creating a meal plan), and conversational purposes (e.g., having a simulated conversation about a past event). Users expressed positive (e.g., excited, amazed) and negative (e.g., fooled, concerned) feelings toward the technology. They raised various issues and problems with ChatGPT at the content (e.g., inaccuracy, incompletes) and system (e.g., unavailability, instability) levels. Users discussed the perceived impacts of ChatGPT on individuals (e.g., unemployment) and society (e.g., AI divide). Study findings can inform the design of policies and guidelines for mitigating AI problems and promoting the effective and ethical use of emerging AI technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines information practices of five projects that emerged in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The projects are conceptualized as resistance projects, i.e., the initiatives that stand against misinformation, censorship, and the invasion itself. The study used virtual ethnography and discourse analysis to examine the projects' web presence and social media channels and the materials about them. The paper describes the driving forces behind the projects, the technologies they use, and their information‐related practices. The latter include information gathering, dissemination and mediation, extralinguistic communication, support and advice, and mobilization. One of the first attempts to document Russian information resistance, this paper provides insight into information behavior under oppressive conditions. It broadens the theorizing of misinformation and disinformation by shifting the focus from algorithmic countermeasures to misinformation, such as detecting bots or fake news, to human‐centered activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This short paper examines social interaction (e.g. asking colleagues for help in the lunchroom) as an informative experience, a way to understand oneself and situation. The process of coming to an understanding is frequently hidden, but may be brought to light by examining the experiences of individuals undergoing a transition – a change that requires them to redefine their sense of self and situation. Using exemplars from previous research and drawing on Lave and Wenger's (1991) theory of situated learning, this paper explores the importance of social interaction to information practices. The role of social interaction will be discussed, including: information seeking to become part of a community, and social interaction as a source of information and as a site for information comparison (a type of information use) to situate oneself in a new environment. The paper proposes making social interaction a focus of study to better understand how individuals use information to change perception about and situate themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To be a smart and connected community is an aspiration and orientation. A goal of smart and connected communities is to make more effective and consistent use of data, information, and technology, and in many ways to operate at a critical junction between community members and an imagined future structured around a particular vision of the role of government, the role of participation, and often‐conflicting visions of what these might become. This paper reports findings from 32 semi‐structured interviews with stakeholders in the City of Austin Continuum of Care (CoC), a collaborative group of organizations working to end homelessness in the Austin/Travis County region, as well as critical analysis of their collaborative and siloed data resources. The key themes that emerged in this case study include the continual process of "becoming" a smart and connected community, focusing on the development and "accretion" of data and informational infrastructure, and its impact on the communities of practice related to providing services to people experiencing homelessness. The information behaviors of the stakeholders of the CoC demonstrates ongoing movement towards more collaborative resolutions of issues of data quality and interoperability, alongside a negotiation of the role of data‐intensive structuring of collaborations and work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on information services to marginalized urban communities in the United States between 1940 and 1975, this paper argues that African American librarians played foundational roles in early community‐based librarianship (CBL) initiatives. In doing so, Black librarians skillfully and resourcefully fought information poverty, pushed for social and political equality, and promoted their communities' well‐being through proactive information provision. By fighting the systemic racism throttling inner‐city Black communities, their labors constituted a seminal contribution to the post‐World War II United States Freedom Struggle. Theirs was a specifically Black CBL. Underpinned by the theoretical work of Elfreda Chatman, this heretofore hidden history offers fruitful lessons for current library and information science practice. It therefore aligns with the annual meeting theme, "Translating Information Research into Practice, Policy, and Action," particularly its emphasis on "creating effective models of information provision, creating empathetic information services" and on "understanding the power of information to develop human happiness, equality, and wellbeing." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goal of this paper is to explore users' desires for digitized historical image collections, examining their desires based on different use purposes and information interaction activities. In addition, we investigate the image attributes that users wish to search from the collection. To accomplish this, we conducted 21 qualitative interviews with active users of a digitized historical photograph archive. Our findings suggest that users' desires relate to three contexts: tools, collection, and socio‐organizational issues. Moreover, our results indicate that users require support for various information interaction activities, not just searching. We found that users' desires vary based on their specific use purposes, and that users prioritize conceptual access points that can already mostly be generated through automated annotation methods. Ultimately, this study contributes to a better understanding of users' real‐life image needs and offers implications for improving access to digital image collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Collaborative research teams working in developing countries rely on information and computer technologies (ICTs), both hardware and software, to overcome barriers to information sharing including, language, distance, time, economic development and politics. However, studies have shown impediments to information sharing between team members from different cultures, nations and institutions. This paper reports on a study in which a model was developed to highlight the most important barriers for communication and information sharing in international research teams, which was the basis for the development of a heuristic evaluation tool. The communication model was created using the results of 30 semi-structured interviews with agricultural scientists working in international research teams based in Australia and Lao People's Democratic Republic. Interview data outline a number of barriers and facilitators for team communication, which informed the development of eight intercultural heuristics. These were combined with Jakob Nielsen's general usability heuristics to form the intercultural heuristic evaluation tool, or I-CHET. The tool was then tested in a pilot study to assess the utility and usability of two ICTs used by international research teams: email and Skype. The initial assessment using I-CHET showed that while email theoretically lacked the richness of cues seen in Skype, email better complied with the needs of international research groups for sharing information and communicating in multicultural teams dispersed over language, cultural and geographic divides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining truth and accuracy of information is a key challenge in today's fast‐paced, global information economy dominated by social media. The field of Information Science, while publishing extensively on information seeking and use, has not done sufficient research into how individuals detect falsehood or deception in information they encounter. This paper describes Levine's Truth‐Default Theory (TDT) and links information behavior (IB) research to three vital aspects of the theory. Furthermore, this work demonstrates how TDT can be merged with T.D. Wilson's General Theory of Information Behavior, applying decades of research on deception detection to foundational IB theory. Implications of marrying these two ideas are discussed as well as suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this exploratory paper is to begin to explicate the concept of epistemicide and articulate its function within the information field. We define epistemicide as the killing, silencing, annihilation, or devaluing of a knowledge system. It is not that we are unaware of the injustices happening within our field, but rather, that we are not in discussion across sub‐fields considering the idea that the collective injustices exist and are problematic on individual and systemic levels. We believe epistemicide happens when several epistemic injustices, such as hermeneutical or testimonial injustices, occur collectively reflecting a structured and systemic oppression of particular ways of knowing. We present epistemicide and epistemic injustice as a concept for understanding and addressing ways knowledge systems are silenced, devalued, or annihilated within library and Information Science (LIS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study reported in this paper is part of an ongoing project that aims to advance the understanding of older migrants' information behavior in transition and their resilience in leveraging information and technology to achieve social integration into a new country. Through the lens of transition theory, this research investigates the information behavior of Chinese migrants to Australia at an older age (i.e., late‐life migrants), which is little reported in the migrant information behavior literature. Older Chinese migrants' transition process entailed disconnectedness from previous information practices, perceptions of marginalization and having limited access to resources in English, and construction of new/extended information landscape by participating in ethnic associations and using WeChat for communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper is the first to present a study of information behavior of Latinos in the Midwestern U.S. It begins addressing gaps in knowledge about Latinos, particularly immigrants, and their information seeking and use of the mobile, social web in rural areas of the U.S. Midwest. Interviews were conducted in 2016 and 2017 with 20 Midwestern Latinos - 15 immigrants to the United States and five native-born. We find that interviewees use many well-known social media platforms such as Facebook and YouTube as well as online resources to meet their information needs. Many prefer to consult trusted sources, making social media access desirable. Midwestern Latinos have adopted a number of the same information seeking practices as other immigrants and marginalized peoples, which may be different from practices of dominant populations in rural areas. Given their preferences, Latinos we interviewed will be best served by access to trusted information in the languages they speak, often presented orally such as in video format. For this, a reliable internet connection and internet-enabled device are key. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Application of the results of an information behavior study and domain analysis of Classics scholars of Latin, graduate students, and high school teachers are presented. The study was conducted to inform the design of the Digital Latin Library. Interviews and task demonstrations were conducted with 16 participants. An in depth domain analysis was also conducted to help researchers and system developers further understand the discipline of Classics and the unique system needs of this community. This paper outlines the detailed work analysis of one aspect of the Classical scholars' scholarly work, development of a critical edit ion, and shows how we modeled this process within the system design. We also illustrate how the rich findings produced from information behavior studies and domain analysis can be used in information representation design of complex, discipline specific systems. Further, it shows how the two methodological approaches within LIS can be used together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the findings from an online survey investigating how new students seek geospatial information in an unfamiliar environment. By surveying 149 new graduate students at University of Maryland, College Park, this study identifies the geospatial information needs and information sources used during their adjustment in new environments, and examines the factors that may affect different geospatial information behaviors (GIBs) of new students, such as populousness of students' countries of origin on campus, gender, age, and program level (Master's, PhD). Findings include (1) international students' greater emphases on survival-related geospatial information; (2) gender differences in the importance of navigational and transportation information and frequency of using navigational information sources during adjustment; (3) significant differences among socio-national and demographic groups for geospatial information needs and for the use of information sources. The findings are discussed in ways to further our understanding of new students' GIB in unfamiliar environments and inform further research in human information behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As our technological capabilities for filling information needs improve, developers seek to more effective ways to support different aspects of the users' experience. One aspect that is gaining attention as an emerging support area is serendipity. However, supporting serendipity within a recommender system is difficult because the experience is unexpected and, therefore unpredictable. While researchers agree that algorithms to support serendipity need to be able to provide a balance of surprise and value to the end user (Niu & Abbas, 2017), an understanding of how to provide that balance has not yet been realized. Information that could be puzzling or distracting to someone as they go about their research activities may provide the trigger someone else needs to make a serendipitous connection in their research. Reports of serendipitous occurrences in research settings have been identified in research commentaries (Campanario, 1996) and within full‐text research articles (Allen, Erdelez, & Marinov, 2013). This paper investigates the feasibility of automating the identification of information encounters in full‐text research articles. This study contributes to the development of algorithms for supporting serendipity in information systems. We identified four variables that are useful for predicting information encounters in 25‐35% of the instances. While we should continue to search for additional predictive variables, these findings present a novel approach to undertaking the support of serendipity in information systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As newcomers, international students face information challenges in unfamiliar environments. Studies have reported that social and online resources, such as friends and the Internet, are their important sources of information, but research is less clear about how international students seek information through social sources. This paper examines social information practices of new international students in a U.S. university during adjustment to their new local environments. Also, based on prior studies, we investigate how international students' socio‐national context, specifically the degree to which there are co‐nationals in one's local environments, shapes their social information practices. Findings show that international students from common countries of origin (China, India, and Korea) developed online and mobile communities with co‐national students and shared local information among them while most international students from other less common countries did not engage in such co‐national networking and information practices. This paper suggests that information behavior theories account for people's socio‐national contexts to better inform research and practice involving internationally mobile individuals and groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, more and more people migrate to different parts of the world. Previous studies showed that these newcomers use various online and social sources to acquire information in new countries, but a few recent studies have indicated that "wandering" is a type of information behavior that newcomers use to become familiar with their new environments. This paper extends our knowledge of wandering behavior by examining international newcomer students' wandering and information acquisition based on findings from a study of international students' information behavior. Also, we add to the existing literature on information behavior (IB) models and theoretical concepts by analyzing wandering through the lenses of Wilson's information behavior model and Erdelez's concept of information encountering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adults managing life with Type 2 diabetes may receive material about diabetes and management, or they may seek health information. They may also keep information items in the home for subsequent use. Currently, health technology is striving to push topically relevant information items, but successful technology would deliver unique, but relevant information. Thus, a holistic view of kept information items, item uses, and information needs are required. Research of information needs, seeking, and use (INSU) often views information needs as explicit statements, but latent information needs may also exist. Kept and used information items may serve to project these implicit information needs. This exploratory study aimed to identify both explicit and implicit information needs of adults living with Type 2 diabetes. Semi-structured interviews conducted in 21 participant's homes focused on kept and used items (n = 300). Resulting rich narratives provided insight of context, item acquisition, and item usage. The results indicate that the majority of items kept and used to manage life with diabetes are paper based and pertain to nutritional management. However, items and their abundance also projected information needs. These findings and their implications contribute to discussions of diabetes-related collections development and health information technology tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT As practitioners of new forms of consumption and production, fans represent an important area for research. Specifically, fans of 'transmedia systems' - media-hopping networks of intertextualities that extend the narrative world of an original production - employ unique tactics for negotiating a complex information space. The study of such tactics provides valuable insights on the everyday information behaviors of modern post-digital readers and media consumers that could benefit literacy and community engagement. Despite this, fans have received little attention in the information behavior literature. Therefore, this paper seeks to contribute new empirical understandings of the transmedia fan to the information behavior domain. The author undertook a pilot case study of the Game of Thrones transmedia fandom. Using a grounded theory approach, the qualitative coding of 400 online user comments revealed four types of tactics employed by fans to negotiate the transmedia system: sentimental, reasoned, relational and comic. A discussion of these tactics and the ways in which fans use them results in a preliminary definition and information behavior cycle model for the transmedia fan. The study's findings offer key observations about the everyday information behavior of fans and about reading and media consumption practices in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Reading fiction is a neglected area of study in information behavior research, even as such research has expanded to include investigation of different kinds of behavior by more kinds of people, and an expanded repertoire of research methods and fields. Using data from a small empirical study (n=8) and research from five fields other than information science, the paper reports on participants' reading of fiction and those five fields' study of how reading fiction is informative. Considering fiction informative has two important outcomes: we (1) understand information behavior better and (2) address important problems in information science theory. Such problems include frustrated attempts to define information, the (generally hidden) gendered character of information science and information behavior research, the misguided conduit metaphor and an overemphasis on cognition at the expense of practice, documents and materiality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper examines how healthy activity tracker users, particularly gym-goers, manage personal health information generated by their activity tracking devices. Findings from 117 valid responses to a web survey are presented to provide an overall picture of healthy activity tracker users' health or fitness-related needs, their personal health information management (PHIM) practices and the gaps between their needs and PHIM. Based on the survey findings, we suggest considering future activity tracker design improvements for addressing users' currently unmet needs while recognizing the limitations of current technology. We conclude with a discussion of the necessity for reexamining PHIM in a new era of broader self-tracking activities and needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The study of information science and technology has expanded over the years to include more kinds of people, more kinds of behavior, more methods, and a broader inclusion of fields. There is at least one area, however, where very few information studies scholars have tread: entertainment, particularly fiction. Yet many fields indicate that information studies should consider fiction. In this paper, we discuss how fiction is an informative genre and reasons why information studies scholars have mostly ignored fiction. We also identify potential research directions for studying fiction. We provide a summary of works about fiction and information, discuss motivations for expanding (and not expanding) information studies beyond what it is and has been, and we use an exploratory study of one example of a fiction-interaction - reading Young Adult novels - to illustrate how fiction is important to information behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this paper, we describe a quantitative study of personality aspects and their relationship with web search information behavior. We start with introducing personality and give an overview of information behavior research concerning personality aspects. In our study of 30 participants, their personality traits were operationalized by using a version of the Big 5, the B5T, a psychometric questionnaire that maps personality on different dimensions. The participants performed search tasks in a web context and data concerning their information behavior was collected via search logs as well as questionnaires. We show that there are selective correlations of slight and intermediate strength between the variables of information behavior and the personality dimensions. Finally, we discuss possible explanations and implications as well as new impulses for information behavior and retrieval research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a preliminary study of issues pertaining to the information needs, sources and behaviors of Pokemon Go players. Participants were found to be passive in the fulfillment of their information needs and they expressed a willingness to share information with others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been an increased focus on information encountering and serendipity within information behavior research and practice. Serendipity has the potential to facilitate creativity and innovation in various spheres, including in libraries, archives and museums. However, do we wait for chance to occur, or can serendipity be designed and facilitated? What are the characteristics of systems that support serendipitous discovery, and what methods can be used to study its occurrence? Extending and building on the concepts and definitions introduced at a 2016 ASIS&T Annual Meeting panel led by Erdelez, we feature in this 40‐min panel innovative work that creates opportunities for discovery within research spaces. Attendees engage through an interactive two‐part discussion and a hands‐on ideation session on impacts and guidelines for systems designed to facilitate serendipity, emphasizing sustainable, accessible researcher and user experiences. Presenters focus on the role of socio‐technical constraints and affordances to inform systems' design in a variety of research contexts, each contributing expertise in navigating particular issues in serendipity research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐native English speakers (NNESs) often search in English due to the limited availability of information in their native language on the Web. Information seeking in a non‐native language can present special challenges for users. Current research literature on non‐native language search behavior is insufficient and even less is known about how online systems and tools may accommodate NNESs’ needs and assist their behaviors. To gain a better understanding of user behavior and the search process of NNESs, this paper presents a study of online searching in English as a foreign language (EFL) or second‐language (L2). Particular attention is paid to language selection, search challenges, query formulation and reformulation, as well as user interaction with online systems and tools. Results from eight focus groups (36 participants) and 36 questionnaires indicate NNESs face a unique set of challenges that may not be present for native speakers when searching for information in English. A user interaction model is abstracted to address the iterative and spiral search process of NNESs. Implications for design of systems and tools to assist this particular user group are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-native English speakers (NNESs) often search in English due to the limited availability of information in their native language on the Web. Information seeking in a non-native language can present special challenges for users. Current research literature on non-native language search behavior is insufficient and even less is known about how online systems and tools may accommodate NNESs' needs and assist their behaviors. To gain a better understanding of user behavior and the search process of NNESs, this paper presents a study of online searching in English as a foreign language (EFL) or second-language (L2). Particular attention is paid to language selection, search challenges, query formulation and reformulation, as well as user interaction with online systems and tools. Results from eight focus groups (36 participants) and 36 questionnaires indicate NNESs face a unique set of challenges that may not be present for native speakers when searching for information in English. A user interaction model is abstracted to address the iterative and spiral search process of NNESs. Implications for design of systems and tools to assist this particular user group are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the decline in youth participation in traditional politics over time, engagement in alternative forms of civic engagement is increasing. Existing research focuses on disenfranchised youth; in this paper, we describe an initial exploration of the role of information in initial and ongoing civic engagement. In this pilot study, we conducted a focus group with six teenagers (15-17 years old) recognized by their teachers and peers for being highly engaged in their schools and/or communities, in order to understand the selfdescribed motivations, influences, and information behaviors of an important demographic which has not been widely studied in existing literature: youth who are highly engaged, but not yet eligible to vote in democratic elections. The participants were from six different provinces in Canada, and included a mix of rural, suburban, and urban youth. Participant responses suggested that their information environment, including the availability of information about civic affairs and opportunities to become directly involved, played a role in their socialization as engaged citizens. Moreover, they indicated that the effect of their information environment on their own civic engagement was cumulative over time: the more an issue appeared, the more likely they were to engage with it. Based on this focus group discussion, we suggest a set of interpretations that describe the role of information environments, the cumulative impact of civic information, and the levels of information consumption used by youth. While these theories will require additional data to confirm or reject, we expect that our observations will help inform efforts to engage youth in civic society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this paper, we describe the different search behaviors exhibited by participants while performing learning-oriented search tasks. The search tasks have been designed to represent the cognitive levels of learning hierarchically. We investigate how the searcher's behavior and perceived learning outcomes vary with increasing levels of cognitive complexity. In this study, we analyze the search log data of the participants, self-reports, questionnaires and interviews both descriptively and statistically. Our results suggest that the perceived topic knowledge of the participants, perceived interest and difficulty assessments increase with increasing levels of the task. We use this study to discuss the preliminary results and highlight the limitations and future directions of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the findings from a project about how international students seek and acquire information during their settlement in an unknown geo-spatial environment. Through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and cognitive mapping with twenty international students, this study examines their information needs, information sources, and settlement experiences in the host country. Findings of the study include their (1) focus on acquiring basic, survival-related information; (2) active use of internet-based information sources including online/mobile maps; (3) information behavior of wandering around and information encountering; (4) co-national social networks playing a key role as information sources. Implications are discussed in ways to further our understanding of international students' information behavior and promote its improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Wide Web (the Web) is ubiquitous in people's lives today and is used on a daily basis to get information on a variety of topics. While information seeking behavior has been studied extensively in a Web setting, many of these studies assume a task-oriented search for information even though much of the information seeking on the Web is not necessarily done with previously stated information needs or goals. Some Web information seeking activity is done for purposes of entertainment, or for simply connecting with other people (for example, via social media websites), oftentimes with an unstructured, serendipitous approach. Information seeking in general, and information acquisition, in particular, is a pleasurable activity in and of itself. Surfing the Web for pleasure is a prominent activity and worthy of our attention as researchers. To do so, we need an appropriate framework. This paper borrows ideas from a social-cognitive approach to the uses and gratifications paradigm in order to investigate the suitability of that framework in a Web information access setting. More specifically, we use the answers from questions we asked to 180 survey respondents about their motivations for surfing the Web for pleasure and their affective states during and after their surfing sessions. The findings indicate that the social-cognitive approach to uses and gratifications is a useful baseline. We make enhancements to it and propose our own framework for research in this area. We present data to bolster the notion that the seeking and acquisition of information brings pleasure and we propose a framework to study user motivations and affective states both during and after their "surfing the Web for pleasure" sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the social context of mobile information behavior based on an interview and diary study (n=19). We examine different types of mobile information behavior and how these are affected by social variables. In addition, we compare social and non-social mobile information behavior in terms of where it occurs, applications utilized, expressed information needs of users, and levels of satisfaction. We promote a broader view of how social context shapes and is shaped by mobile information behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Searching large collections of digitized books is a relatively new area in information-seeking and retrieval research, made possible by initiatives such as Google Books and the Hathi- Trust Digital Library. The availability of large full-text book collections is transforming how users search and interact with information in books, but the characteristics of these changes are unknown. This paper aims to provide insight into the characteristics of full-text searches in a large collection of digitized books and is the first step in a broader research agenda intended to improve book retrieval. To better understand the types of queries that users are issuing to full-text-book collections, we analyzed a full year of anonymized query logs from the HathiTrust Digital Library full-text search engine. We also manually classified a random sample of 600 queries to develop a taxonomy of book search query types. We found that users are beginning to search for information in books instead of searching for books. Searches still largely follow bibliographic models, but, as expected, new types of searches are beginning to take advantage of fulltext capabilities. Additionally, comparing the results of our query log analysis to searches in other domains, we found similar search patterns including short queries, sessions with only a few queries, and users viewing only a few pages of results per query. We discuss how these findings can be used to characterize users of large full-text book collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As people increasingly search the Internet for health-related topics like treatment options, it is important to understand how they construct their searches, and how they understand the results. In this paper, we report results from an exploratory lab study with 40 cross-sectional participants and follow-up interviews with eleven of them about their use of search engines to find treatment options. While corroborating prior research concerning basic consumer health information search behaviors (e.g., query length and evaluation of results), our findings also extend the current understanding of health information searching by suggesting that the process of seeking treatment options is shaped by consumers' propensity for familiar and confirming information as well as their desire to seek novel information. Furthermore, our findings suggest an under-investigated idea of the importance of a search timeline: that is that a consumer is likely to look for confirming or novel information depending on where they are in a particular timeline during their search. The results indicate that search systems can better support consumers in finding novel information about treatment options, but that it would be best to introduce novel information after satisfying consumers search for general and familiar information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparing future information professionals includes educating them about relevant theories and models. This study explores the extent to which education for information services draws on information behavior theories, models, and concepts, particularly how instructors' choices influence the integration of information behavior into their basic reference course. Building on previous research that analyzed the syllabi and readings for basic reference courses, this study used semi‐structured interviews to explore how information behavior may be integrated into courses in ways that are not visible in the syllabus and why certain theories were more likely to be presented in the course. The 17 instructors interviewed included tenure‐track faculty, lecturers, and adjuncts who integrated information behavior theories, models, and concepts to varying degrees in their courses. By showing how choices are made to integrate theories, models, and concepts in LIS courses, the study results may inform both researchers and instructors who week to bridge the theory/practice gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information world mapping (IWM) is a participatory, arts‐based elicitation method for use in interviews about information behaviours or practices. The participant‐drawn maps that result from this technique are typically used as ancillary data sources to aid in analysis of interview transcripts; however it may be possible, and even useful, to analyze these maps as data independent of the interviews, using methods suited to image analysis. This brief paper and accompanying visual presenta‐ tion describe results of analyses of information world maps using four different and contrasting methods with accompanying examples, and issue recommendations regarding the use of qualitative content analysis, compositional analysis, conceptual analysis, and visual discourse analysis, for analysis of information world maps. These insights may be generalized to other objects (e.g., photos) created through arts‐based elicitation interviewing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive news consumption during global crises (e.g., through regularly monitoring fast‐moving developments), can result in information fatigue and anxiety. Indeed, research has highlighted dangerous risks to mental wellbeing from "over‐consumption" of Covid‐related news. While prior research has examined how people find Covid‐related information and sometimes avoid it to prevent overwhelm, no existing studies have investigated how people leverage information seeking, encountering and avoidance (often in concert) to self‐regulate their Covid news consumption. We conducted a two‐week diary study and follow‐up interviews with 16 people. An inductive Thematic Analysis identified several strategies for self‐regulating Covid news consumption: short‐term avoidance of all Covid news, selective avoidance (e.g., of news on particular Covid topics), selective consumption of Covid news from particular sources, news perceived to be within one's control, or news likely to be of personal benefit and conscious consumption of Covid news by limiting time spent consuming it, relying on passively encountering (rather than actively seeking) it and consuming it less frequently by returning to pre‐pandemic news‐browsing routines. An understanding of Covid news self‐regulation strategies can help digital platforms that provide crisis‐related news better support people in regulating their information consumption more effectively which, in turn, can help safeguard their mental wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public libraries offer important services for newcomer populations, including forced migrants. They help facilitate the integration of forced migrants into the host country, increase their levels of trust within new communities, and build social capital. To date, however, the determinants of forced migrant engagement with public library services has been left unexplored. Here the impact of culture on conceptualizations of public library services, and the role of this on the adoption and use of public library services, is investigated using the Theory of information worlds. The analysis is based on data collected in semi‐structured interviews with 30 UK service gatekeepers for forced migrants. Thematic analysis identified three conceptualizations of public library services as: (1) leisure services, that (2) offer information services, (3) as part of a larger system that includes other functions such as immigration and policing. These conceptualizations impact service use and, importantly, non‐use. Further contributions of the work include the proposal that Maslow's (1943) Hierarchy of needs may serve as a moderating variable for the five societal elements of the Theory of information worlds, and practical recommendations for public library staff keen to increase forced migrant engagement with the services that they offer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The value of geologic data is well established and demonstrated by efforts such as EarthChem and EarthCube. Although these communities are active in the documentation and preservation of geologic data, more work is needed to understand how geologists use this data to address specific problems. In this preliminary analysis, we focus on the information behaviors of professional geologists as they engage with multiple data streams to make decisions. Using semi‐structured interviews and grounded theory, our findings document how a single data point can drive changes to existing models. Responses also show that geologists view their experiences in data collection as critical and they use their knowledge and experience to iteratively re‐assess the context and fitness of their data as they search for coherent interpretations that resolve data‐model conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many young adults (particularly LGBTQ+ young people) often do not receive relevant sexual health information in school‐based health education classes, leaving them with unmet information needs, which they largely go online in order to fulfill. Meanwhile, information literacy instruction is almost exclusively provided to young adults within an academic context; thus, the knowledge and skills they learn may not be easily adapted to everyday life contexts, including health. In order to learn more about this potential mismatch and to identify potential ways in which we might improve information literacy instruction for this population, I conducted an online survey incorporating LGBTQ+ inclusive language. The results suggest that the most popular online health information evaluation strategies amongst young adults may be unreliable and, while this population may understand more reliable methods, they appear to struggle to apply these "academic" information evaluation skills to their everyday life information seeking, thus suggesting the need for improved and updated information literacy instruction that is more broadly applicable to people's everyday life information needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children and youth information behavior (CYIB) research has grown substantially in the past two decades. However, this research lacks systematic analysis of the scholarly journal literature, especially with respect to theoretical applications. This study content‐analyzed articles published in fourteen key scholarly journals covering 1999 to 2019. The findings revealed that of the 893 articles retrieved from five online databases, 22.6% were relevant to theory use. Of these, 116 articles (60%) were theoretically grounded in theories or models. There was considerable growth in the use of theories as frameworks for the 2010–2019 period, as compared to the 1999–2009 period. Five key journals contributed the highest number of articles with theories or models applied as frameworks. Authors used more models than theories to ground their work. There was a frequent mention of theories or models in various sections of the articles, especially the introduction and review of the literature. The findings make a unique contribution to our understanding of the nature of theory use in CYIB research, its applications, and evolution over time, as well as strengths, weaknesses, and trends. This study has implications for LIS education, research, and practice. It also has theoretical and methodological implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data landscape study at Virginia Tech addresses the changing modes of faculty scholarship increasingly driven by data and supports the development of a user-centric data infrastructure, management, and curation system. The study investigates faculty researchers' current practices in organizing, describing, sharing, reusing, and preserving data and the emerging needs for data services and education. The results determine the different dimensions of data-related activities, challenges, and opportunities and the changing nature of faculty demands regarding data documentation, storage, and archiving. Asking faculty researchers to self-reflect data sharing and reuse from both data producers' and data users' perspectives, the study reveals a significant gap between the rather localized and sporadic data management and sharing activities and the highly perceived reuse values of data that often get lost right after the original work is done. With expertise in data, information, and archive fields, libraries have great values to offer in bridging the gap and building a data-driven, shared-access research enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pace of technological change is rapid and the impact of this acceleration on the information behavior of youth from diverse backgrounds is multifaceted. Most young people have online access in some form, but the uses and quality of access vary tremendously (Madden, Lenhart, Duggan, Cortesi & Gasser, 2013). With the growth and variation of information behaviors among youth in social media and the mobile Web, keeping pace with research methods used to capture these behaviors and phenomena continues to be a discussion among scholars. Adding to the complications of research in this area, youth are increasingly using information and communications technologies (ICT) across platforms for a variety of information behaviors, including academic and social reasons (Agosto & Abbas, 2010). It is often not enough to solely examine a young person's Twitter feed - we need to see how that conversation carries from Twitter, to direct messages, to texting, to a Facebook post and so on. This variation suggests a need for greater nuance in research (Madden, Lenhart, Duggan, Cortesi & Gasser, 2013; Gasser, Cortesi, Malik & Lee, 2012). This panel will bring together several researchers experienced in studying youth information practices to discuss their methodologies and strategies in dealing with these intricate issues. This panel will be conducted in a roundtable style - encouraging deep conversation between the researchers and the audience. This will be followed by a small group discussions with the audience and conclude by sharing back best practices uncovered through the group discussions. Through attending this panel, attendees will engage with current developments in diverse youth, ICT and research methodologies, and identify priorities and approaches for future work in these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As use of arts‐involved and data visualization methods increases in information science, it is important to reflect on strengths and weaknesses of various methods. In this 90‐minute panel, an international lineup of information researchers will share their experiences using the participatory, visual elicitation technique information world mapping (IWM) in their work. Panelists will discuss ways to adapt the technique to different contexts, share their thoughts on what is next for IWM, and raise questions regarding challenges and new uses of IWM in information research. Presentations will be followed by an interactive discussion among panelists and Q&A period with the audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conducting research that has social impact is more than simply disseminating research when it is completed. It is more than looking at the influence research has on a research field or discipline. Conducting research that has social impact is a process of engaging communities in the research process and ensuring that the communities that take part in the research experience benefits. Socially impactful research is messy and challenging. It takes commitment from researchers to consider social impact and integrate practices into the entire research process from planning to collecting data, to communicating and implementing findings with communities. While this research is taking place within the field of information behavior/information practices, many of the ways this research is carried out are hidden. In this panel, four information behavior/information practice researchers will discuss research projects that have social impact and "pull back the curtain" on their approach to this research, what this means practically for carrying out this research, as well as how research findings are communicated and applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This panel examines the interaction between being a transient migrant, using international students as a salient example, and information behaviors in a time of COVID‐19. We address issues such as information overload, selection of information sources, and social networking. The aim of this panel is to bring together interested researchers in the areas of information practices, higher education, and intercultural communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many reviews on information behavior have been published to date, however little research has been done to understand these reviews. To fill this gap, this poster reviewed 96 literature reviews in this field. The preliminary analysis uncovers several characteristics of literature reviews on information behavior: (1) these reviews have discussed two transformations in the history of information behavior; (2) current literature reviews focus on specialized areas of information behavior; (3) literature reviews have highlighted different issues in information behavior research, such as the quality of information and the practical contributions of research; (4) literature reviews keep summarizing and developing theories and models of information behavior. This preliminary analysis provides an overview of 30 years of literature reviews, showing what existing literature reviews have done. It identifies trends in information behavior research and may inspire what kinds of literature reviews are needed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is challenging for master's students, as novice researchers, to gather information throughout the process of thesis topic development. Information world mapping (IWM) provides a framework to depict a wide range of information activities and practices as well as the items, places, and relationships involved in a specific context from individuals' perspectives. The current study used IWM visual elicitation interviews to conduct a longitudinal study with 14 master's students at three iSchools. Since students typically develop their thesis topics throughout the first year in the master's program, each student was asked to draw an IWM during the interview after the first and second semesters ended. Situational analysis and qualitative content analysis were used to analyze the data. While students' IWMs remained similar in composition, their IWMs mainly changed in viewpoints of the world based on their work pace and relationships with various sources. Suggestions are provided based on the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humanities research informs people's movements across time and reshapes cultural worldviews. While we know that humanists integrate information resources into their research program and that serendipitous discoveries enable truly transformative knowledge creation, our picture of discovery in the humanities is unclear. There is an important role for information professionals to better support humanistic discovery as routine practice. To fully comprehend the complex research activities of humanities scholars it is necessary to expand upon existing models of information encountering (IE) by analyzing discovery episodes and the temporal and topical factors in play. We take particular interest in studying how scholars in the art history and archeology disciplines conceptualize, pursue, and often complete research projects. Ultimately we present an amended IE model that reveals intricate connections between IE, rediscovery, and altruistic collaboration mutually evolving over distinct timespans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nomadic pastoralists, due to their lifestyle and the dominance of oral culture, have not received much attention from information service providers and little is known about their information behavior. This qualitative ethnographic study entailed twenty semi‐structured interviews with Iranian Bakhtiari nomadic pastoralists using everyday life information seeking (ELIS) framework. Nomadic pastoralists' ELIS is dominated by reliance on human information sources including elders, chiefs (Khans) and family members. Most of their information needs relate to practical issues of daily life (e.g., animal husbandry, handicraft, and parenting) and therefore they prefer information sources that tap into their local and indigenous knowledge (e.g., elders) and value experience and skill over formal education when obtaining information from people. However, they purify their local knowledge through exposure to modern education. Relevance to daily life matters or practicality, previous successful utilization of information, and accessibility are among the factors they consider when choosing information sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]