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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are mature B-cell lymphoid neoplasms with an identical immunophenotype that are currently thought to be very closely related if not identical. As a result, the current World Health Organization classification of hematolymphoid diseases has designated this disease as chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Patients who present as CLL have lymphocytosis and bone marrow involvement and usually also have tissue sites of disease (lymph nodes, spleen, other organs). In contrast, patients who present as SLL have lymphadenopathy and commonly have involvement of bone marrow and other tissue sites of disease, but lack lymphocytosis. This chapter will discuss the cytogenetic and molecular genetic findings in CLL/SLL, and most of the data are derived from patients with CLL. For simplicity, from this point forward CLL/SLL will be referred to as CLL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]