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As is known, agriculture is very important in China, but the problem about pests has hampered the further development of Chinese agriculture. Digital image-processing technology and mathematical morphology are referred to as the main research methods, and tiny pets like aphids among field are referred to as the research objects. Image processing technology such as edgeenhancing diffusion filtering, mathematical morphology and watershed segmentation algorithm is used to monitor pest population density, which greatly raises efficiency of pest data acquisition. After the segmentation of the image of the pests, the number of the insect individuals can be obtained from the background by using image processing technology. Computer image processing technology provides a possibility to solve this problem and becomes a very important direction to monitor regional pest population density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]