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This open access book presents original research on effective and equitable teacher practice in mathematics and science education across Nordic countries. It focuses on three key aspects of teacher practice: what teachers teach, how teachers teach, and how teachers assess their students. To provide a comprehensive understanding of teacher practice, data from the IEA’s Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) from 2011 to 2019 was analyzed. TIMSS provides large-scale and representative data, allowing an in-depth investigation of the relations between teachers, their practices, and student outcomes. The findings highlight the changes in teacher practice over time and the extent to which such changes explain the differences in student outcomes. This research also contributes to understanding how the relationships between teacher practice and student outcomes vary across different student groups (i.e., gender, socioeconomic status, and language background). The empirical evidence presented not only adds a significant layer to the academic discourse but also offers practical implications. These insights are crucial in facilitating educational policymaking and classroom practices aimed at improving student outcomes and closing gaps in educational inequality.

This Open Access volume by the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (ICMI) is an outcome of the ICMI Study 24 and gives a status-quo of school mathematics reform around the world and what we can learn from this movement. Each theme and section of the book offers descriptions and analyses of multiple case studies in different countries and contexts, along with opportunities to compare, contrast and learn from these diverse experiences. The volume provides a synthesis and meta-analysis of the different historical, geographical and global aspects of school mathematics reforms and explores in which way curricula are elaborated, proposed, changed, and reorganized. It offers a more informed and comprehensive analysis of the roles of different actors and of the many aspects influencing and shaping mathematics curriculum reforms that are taking or have taken place. It also explores the possibilities and means to tackle a curricular reform in the current scenario we live in and how to unfold future developments. This book will be of interest to practitioners and scholars with an interest in school mathematics curriculum reforms. It will also be a useful resource to those involved in school mathematics curriculum reform initiatives by providing current information about the curriculum changes that are taking place in respect of content, teacher education, educational materials, and a range of implementation challenges across diverse contexts.

Does the Nordic model of education still stand by its original principles and safeguard education for all? This Open Access volume is a carefully crafted collection of chapters that investigate the different aspects of equity, equality and diversity across the education systems in the Nordic countries. Based on data from various national and international large-scale assessments, the volume provides a better understanding of both the functions and foundations of the Nordic model, along with how the concepts mentioned above are enacted in practice. Across the chapters, data from different national and international large-scale assessment studies are used for cross- and single-country analyses on a variety of issues related to equity, equality and inequality in diverse educational settings. The investigations address different subject domains (i.e., mathematics, science, reading), age and grade groups, but also issues related to teachers and the schools themselves. In addition to these empirical chapters, the book addresses the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of the ideas and tools embedded in the phenomena of equity and equality and how they have met in the Nordic model of education.

In the spring of 2019, 3355 Dutch students in group 6 of primary education from 112 schools participated in eTIMSS-2019. TIMSS stands for Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and measures worldwide developments in knowledge and skills in science and in attitudes of students who have completed four or eight years of formal education. The 'e' of eTIMSS refers to the digital administration of the test. In the Netherlands, group 6 students took the 2019 TIMSS test on a tablet. The students have been tested in mathematics and science (biology, physics and chemistry and physical geography). The present report reports on the outcomes of TIMSS-2019 in the Netherlands. The remainder of this chapter describes the structure of TIMSS-2019., In het voorjaar van 2019 hebben 3355 Nederlandse leerlingen in groep 6 van het basisonderwijs afkomstig van 112 scholen meegedaan aan eTIMSS-2019. TIMSS staat voor Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study en meet wereldwijd de ontwikkelingen in kennis en vaardigheden in de exacte vakken en in attituden van leerlingen die vier of acht jaar formeel onderwijs hebben genoten. De ‘e’ van eTIMSS verwijst naar de digitale afname van de toets. In Nederland hebben groep 6 leerlingen de TIMSS-toets van 2019 op een tablet gemaakt. De leerlingen zijn getoetst in rekenen-wiskunde en natuuronderwijs (biologie, natuur- en scheikunde en fysische aardrijkskunde). In het voorliggende rapport wordt verslag gedaan van de uitkomsten van TIMSS-2019 in Nederland. Het resterende deel van dit hoofdstuk beschrijft de opzet van TIMSS-2019.

Globalization; Science education; Science curricula; Large scale international assessments; Trends in International Mathematics and Science Survey; TIMSS; Policy borrowing; Curriculum reform; IEA Research for Education

Mathematics Teacher Noticing is the first book to examine research on the particular type of noticing done by teachers---how teachers pay attention to and make sense of what happens in the complexity of instructional situations. In the midst of all that is happening in a classroom, where do mathematics teachers look, what do they see, and what sense do they make of it? This groundbreaking collection begins with an overview of the construct of noticing and the various historical, theoretical, and methodological perspectives on teacher noticing. It then focuses on studies of mathematics teacher noticing in the context of teaching and learning and concludes by suggesting links to other constructs integral to teaching. By collecting the work of leaders in the field in one volume, the editors present the current state of research and provide ideas for how future work could further the field.