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Non-random chromosomal abnormalities are a common feature of many hematolymphoid disorders and are a key component of their pathogenesis. As such, routine chromosome analysis is critical in the laboratory workup of most known or suspected myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disorders, leukemias, and lymphomas. Such studies can provide (1) diagnostic confirmation; (2) information useful for classification, staging, and prognostication; (3) information to guide appropriate choice of therapy; and (4) evidence of remission or relapse. In lymph node evaluation, cytogenetics can differentiate a reactive process from a malignant condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]