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Immunoprecipitation allows the investigator to detect and quantitate antigens in a mixture of proteins or characterize a specific antibody response to already well-characterized proteins. Addition of antibodies to proteins, usually radiolabeled, allows formation of antigen-antibody complexes. After separation from contaminating proteins, the complexes are disassociated and the proteins of interest are separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate -polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Size and quantity of proteins may then be analyzed either by autoradiography or a gel scanning procedure. Immunoprecipitation is extremely sensitive and may detect very small amounts of radiolabeled protein (detection level ∼100 pg protein or 100 cpm/protein). Unlabeled proteins may be used if other sensitive detection methods are utilized, e.g., enzymatic activity assays or Western blotting. The advantage of the immunoprecipitation technique vs immunoblotting is the possibility to analyze the immune response to proteins expressed in their native conformation. Radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) is used routinely for the detection of viral proteins, characterization of monoclonal and polyclonal antibody preparations, and determination of the specificity of the immune response to various pathogens (1-3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotavirus has been recognized as the major etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. The rotaviruses contain a genome of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA that can be separated into distinct bands by electrophoresis. The migration pattern of the 11 genome segments following electrophoresis of the viral RNA is called the RNA electropherotype. Electrophoretic separation of the segmented genome has gained popularity as a method not only for detection of rotavirus but also for molecular epidemiological studies (1,2). Most molecular epidemiological studies have analyzed rotaviruses by their electropherotype, since this marker is both characteristic and constant for a given virus strain, i.e., rotaviruses from different ammal species including human exhibit distinct electropherotypes. RNA gel electrophoresis is not only the most feasible way to detect and distinguish between different serogroups (A-G) of rotaviruses (3), but the technique can also be used to: 1.Characterize virus strains in large outbreaks;2.Trace nosocomial outbreaks;3.Determine how many virus strains circulate in a family, hospital, city, or country; and4.Determine if specific virus strains are associated with specific disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunoprecipitation allows the investigator to detect and quantitate antigens in a mixture of proteins or characterize a specific antibody response to already well-characterized proteins. Addition of antibodies to proteins, usually radiolabeled, allows formation of antigen—antibody complexes. After separation from contaminating proteins, the complexes are disassociated and the proteins of interest are separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Size and quantity of proteins may then be analyzed either by autoradiography or a gel scanning procedure. Immunoprecipitation is extremely sensitive and may detect very small amounts of radiolabeled protein (detection level ~100 pg protein or 100 cpm/protein). Unlabeled proteins may be used if other sensitive detection methods are utilized, e.g., enzymatic activity assays or Western blotting. The advantage of the immunoprecipitation technique vs immunoblotting is the possibility to analyze the immune response to proteins expressed in their native conformation. Radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) is used routinely for the detection of viral proteins, characterization of monoclonal and polyclonal antibody preparations, and determination of the specificity of the immune response to various pathogens (1-3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the situation and context of Information Professionals (librarians, archivists and information specialists) in Spain, their evolution, competences, values, associations, social image, status, and job conditions.