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With the development in IT technology and with the growing demands of users, a ubiquitous environment is being made. Ubiquitous stands for a convenient environment in which users can get information and services through networks with devices that can communicate. This ubiquitous environment requires device technology, and Radio Frequency IDentification(RFID) is a good example. RFID, a technology that identifies radio frequency, was developed to substitute bar-codes and has various strengths, such as high recognition rates, quick recognition speed, and large storage. Because of these strengths, it is being used in various fields such as the public, distribution, and financial sectors; but it has a weakness in privacy, as readers operating within the same frequency bandwidth can be easily tagged. By acquiring information from the tag, unauthorized people can assess into the personal information of users. The current study, therefore, provides a secure and effective protection method, which can guarantee anonymity towards users with tags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The RFID system is a core technology used in building a ubiquitous environment, and is considered an alternative to bar-code identification. The RFID system has become very popular, with various strengths such as fast recognition speed and non-touch detection. However, there are some problems remaining, as the low-cost tag can operate through queries, leading to information exposure and privacy encroachment. Various approaches have been used to increase the security of the system, but the low-cost tag, which has about 5K~10K gates, can only allocate 250~3K gates to security. Therefore, the current study provides a reciprocal authentication solution that can be used with low-cost RFID systems, by splitting 64 bit keys and minimizing calculations. Existing systems divided a 96 bit key into 4 parts. However, the proposed system reduces the key to 32 bits, and reduces communications from 7 down to 5. To increase security, one additional random number is added to the two existing numbers. The previous system only provided XOR calculations, however in the proposed system an additional hash function was added. The added procedure does not increase effectiveness in terms of the XOR calculation, but provides more security to the RFID system, for better use over remote distances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]