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Apert first utilized the term acrocephalosyndactyly in 1906 to describe a foreshortened, tower-shaped cranial malformation associated with syndactyly of all four extremities. Just over 300 such patients have been described in the literature. The syndrome occurs in 1 in 160,000 live births. More recently, Cohen utilized an indirect method and showed that Apert syndrome represented 4% of all the cases of craniosynostosis for 13.7 cases per 1,000,000 live births.1,2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythrocytic cycle malaria parasite growth or invasion inhibition assays (GIA) compare the effects of various test and control substances on malaria parasite growth in erythrocytes or invasion into erythrocytes in vitro. Although inhibitions by antimalarial drugs in vitro correlate well with drug protective levels required in vivo, as yet there are too few data to know how well inhibitions by antibodies in vitro correlate with the types and degrees of immune protection in vivo. Antibody-mediated GIA is frequently complicated by parasite strain-specific inhibitions, as well as nonspecific inhibitory factors generated in sera collected or stored under nonoptimal conditions. In this chapter, we describe methods for collecting and processing sera, for using different strains of parasite, and a simplified method for staining parasite DNA with Hoechst dye 33342 before quantitating parasites using ultraviolet (UV)-excited flow cytometry. We also describe a new type of GIA using suspension cultures in a 48-well plate. Critical to this method is enclosing the plate in a gassed, heat-sealed plastic bag, which, being low mass, can easily be rested at a 13.5° angle on a rotor platform (114 rpm with 1-in. displacement) to produce gentle pulsatile waves of media in each well. The suspension GIA, which, relative to the static GIA, increased inhibition by one antibody and decreased inhibition by another Table 1), may better simulate in vivo blood flow and may thus better predict in vivo efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay on the importance of canon in the teaching of English language arts in the U.S. Kindergarten through grade 12 (K-12) is presented. It examines the conflicts over the canon that prevent English college professors from using it. It offers guidelines for the creation of improved English language arts standards.

We review selected methods of the Cosmic Microwave Background data analysis appropriate for the analysis of the largest currently available data sets. We focus on techniques of the time-ordered data manipulation and map making algorithms based on the maximum-likelihood approach. The presented methods have been applied to the MAXIMA-I data analysis (Hanany et al. 2000) and the description of the algorithms is illustrated with the examples drawn from that experience. The more extensive presentation of the here-mentioned issues will be given in the forthcoming paper (Stompor et al. 2001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]