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Renal artery stenosis can result in uncontrolled hypertension, kidney failure, or pulmonary edema. In this chapter, treatment of renal artery stenosis using stents is discussed. In addition, outcomes and expected results are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surge in endoluminal treatment of vascular disease has changed both management strategies and outcomes for patients. Renal artery intervention for both renal artery disease and associated vascular anomalies has not been isolated from the transformation in management. This change in treatment strategy has placed renal arteries at risk for iatrogenic injury during treatment. Awareness of the risks, identification of injuries when they occur, and an understanding of the varying modalities available for dealing with injuries is extremely important for the interventionist when caring for and preventing iatrogenic renal artery injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis demands imaging modalities that can characterize the composition of atherosclerotic plaques, stage the disease, and guide interventional therapy. In this chapter, combined intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging is used to address these issues. Based on the difference in optical absorption spectra, lipid-rich tissues can be differentiated using spectroscopic IVPA imaging. Using gold nanoparticles as contrast agent, events happening at the molecular and cellular levels may be visualized in IVPA images. IVPA imaging can also monitor stent deployment during interventional therapy procedures. Design of integrated IVUS/IVPA catheters is discussed. Based on the structural information provided by IVUS images, IVPA images may add further clinically relevant information, helping the management of atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]