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In incremental forming operations high levels of deformation are easily obtained. In shear spinning these are obtained by out-of-pale shear. In Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) high levels of deformation are obtained by a combination of effects mentioned above: bending, cyclic straining, non-planar stress and shear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are three kinds of shear: in-plane shear, through-thickness shear, and out-of-plane shear, although fundamentally there is no difference. Forming by pure shear can in principle create infinite formability as there is not reduction in sheet thickness. The situation of shear combined with stretch is more complex, but several analyses have showed that it can raise the formability significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nearly all forming operations have some amount of bending. Bending can cause a multitude of effect, but raising the formability is the most relevant. In a situation of bending combined with tension the occurrence of compressive fibres at the concave side creates additional stability, therefore raising the formability. This also lowers the tension force. A normal stress at the tool contact has a similar effect, albeit of smaller magnitude. Bending can also create shear, or cause inter-crystalline fracture in some materials at the convex side that obviously lowers the formability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the innovative perspective of the products, the function model of products and analysis are the basis of formulation of the innovative design. In order to solve this typical engineering problem, a function model of an actuator of shearer was constructed. Based on the foundation of function model analysis, the main problems of actuator of shearer productivity were clarified. An expression of contradictory conflict of helical drum was formulated using the creative technical method, i.e. the contradictory conflict theory. Furthermore, a creative design of helical drum was given to suggestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diurnal structure of the boundary layer during Indian summer monsoon period is studied using a one-dimensional meteorological boundary layer model and the observations collected from the Monsoon Trough Boundary Layer Experiment conducted in 1990 at Jodhpur, India. The model was initialized with the observed temperature profiles at 0530 LST on 17 July, 1990 at Jodhpur and was run for 26 hours. The study is carried out with a geostrophic wind speed of 9.5 m s−1 corresponding to the strong wind simulation. The mean thermodynamic and wind structure simulated by the model are in good agreement with those observed from 30 m tower. The computed surface layer characteristics such as the surface fluxes, TKE and standard deviations of velocity components are found to be reasonably in good agreement with those based on turbulence measurements. The shear and buoyancy budget computed from the model are also compared with the turbulence measurements. The integrated cooling budget in the nocturnal boundary layer is examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]