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A definition of the term "Wilms Tumour" is presented. It refers to a childhood embryonal cancer of the kidney. The name of the disease was derived from the name of German physician Max Wilms. The term was originally used to other types of childhood kidney cancer including clear cell sarcoma of kidney and malignant rhabdoid tumor of kidney.

An encyclopedia entry for renal carcinoma, a cancer arising from the epithelial cells of the kidney, is presented. The characteristics, early diagnosis and treatment of renal carcinoma are discussed. The four types of renal cancer are enumerated. Information on renal cancer genes and types of inherited renal cancer is provided. The clinical features of renal cancer suggesting hereditary renal cancer and the mechanisms of development of inherited renal cancers are also discussed.

A definition of the term "Birt Hogg Dube syndrome" is presented. It refers to an inherited disorder characterized by a predisposition to develop multiple tumors of the hair follicle or fibrofolliculomas, which usually occur on the face and neck. The condition is associated with the risk of developing spontaneous pneumothorax and renal cancer.

The acronym of the term "HPRC," which stands for hereditary papillary renal carcinoma, is presented.

A definition of the term "hereditary papillary renal carcinoma," is presented, which refers to a form of inherited cancer characterized by a predisposition to develop multiple renal tumors.

A definition of the term "Eker rat" is presented, which refers to the rat that carries a Tsc2 germ-line mutation that confers a strong predisposition for renal carcinoma development.