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This chapter begins in the late 1970s – not with Abba, or Queen, or Evita, all of which were internationally successful at the time, but with punk rock. Even when dealing with ostensibly popular music, there remains a tension between critical and populist versions of music history, and some history books devote much space to punk while others avoid it. Here pop music towards 2000 is depicted, in a necessarily selective way, as being in the front line of a shift in critical thought from class-based critique to identity politics. Through staying power pop music became established as art form; a case is also made here for a looser discursive model based in movement and creative dialogue, focusing on remix and cover. The perspective of the chapter starts from Britain and jumps around with dates, though the reader may sense a certain centre of gravity around the year 1985. Punk Punk rock is sometimes seen as a spearing of the bloated beast which pop and rock had become over the decade from 1965 to 1975. Above all others, The Sex Pistols supplied many of the great iconic moments, over the remarkably short period of time from their first single ‘Anarchy in the UK’, released on 19 October 1976, to their last concert in San Francisco on 14 January 1978. (‘Ever get the feeling you've been cheated?’ was singer Johnny Rotten's memorable last comment.) The Pistols provided great entertainment: spewing foul language over teatime telly, bagging the number one spot with an antimonarchy rant at the time of the Queen's jubilee, annoying British town councils and American rednecks, and eventually supplying for pop hedonism, in Sid and Nancy, its ultimate Romeo and Juliet script. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The planting of private and state forests over the last half century has radically altered the landscape of Scotland, especially in the Outer Regions. Although environmental purists have deplored the invasion of open moorland country and some sensitive local feeling has misgivings about the ‘colonialism’ implicit in conifer monoculture, the regular patterns of commercial plantations represents no more than an extension of the planned landscape introduced during the improving movement. Rightly, however, the aesthetic appeal of woodlands is being treated as a highly relevant factor now that recreation and amenity are being included in the cost–benefit analysis. But the significance of the forests goes much further. The stands of homegrown timber have lost some of their strategic importance but they can save valuable foreign exchange at a time of rising world prices. And for remote rural areas the woodlands have often been seen as great community assets because of the employment offered and the prospect of processing industries in the future. Unfortunately these benefits are no longer substantial. Mechanisation of much of the forest work means fewer jobs and the impact of this contraction in remote areas has been strengthened by reorganisation of forest management and the centralisation of labour, with the result that outlying plantations, which may have displaced a farm-based population, have no permanent staff. The local depopulation thereby created by forestry has been much resented in some areas, notably Mull (Argyll & Bute), where the high costs of farming under island conditions make it difficult for indigenous interests to compete with the Forestry Commission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the complete text of "Human Chord" by Blackwood, Algernon, 1869-1951.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between the root resorption and the pulpal blood flow (PBF) in human primary teeth using laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF). Recordings were made on 15 clinically healthy upper primary central incisors in nine healthy participants (age: 3 years 11 months-7 years 3 months). The state of roots of the teeth examined were confirmed by radiographs. The mean PBF signals tended to decrease with the progress of the root resorption. Results indicated that PBF could indicate the status of the root resorption in the human primary teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between the laser Doppler blood-flow signals and the laser light intensity in the root canal was examined. The root canals of extracted teeth were enlarged from the apical end to the 2 mm incisal to the level of the cement-enamel junction (CEJ). Human peripheral blood was pumped through the apical foramen of the teeth, and the blood flow signal was monitored. Both the light intensities in the root canal and pulpal blood-flow (PBF) signals were small when the root canal was enlarged 3 or 4 mm apical to the CEJ. Both intensities increased with the progress of root canal enlargement to the tooth. There was a significant relationship between the laser Doppler blood-flow signals and the light intensity in the root canals. The results indicated that the laser light intensity in the root canal effected on the PBF in human teeth using Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]