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The article offers step-by-step instructions for creating various paper craft embellishments such as decorative button stickpins, bows and colored pearls.

Seventeenth-century maps of New Granada show a country divided into four great administrative units, each a relic of the years of Spanish conquest. On the Caribbean coast were the two gobiernos of Santa Marta and Cartagena; in the interior, the Nuevo Reino de Granada dominated the east of the country; in the west and southwest lay the great governación de Popayán, extending to the borders of Ecuador. Eighteenth-century maps, by contrast, present a more detailed picture of the territory's topographical features and administrative divisions, showing all the provinces created by postconquest settlement and, in later maps, placing these provinces within the framework of the viceroyalty created by the Bourbon monarchy. Greater cartographical sophistication was in part a reflection of the progress of government under Bourbon rule, and the splendidly detailed Plan Geográfico del Vireynato de Santafé de Bogotá, Nuevo Reyno de Granada, drawn up in 1772, mirrors the new concern with ordering and controlling colonial territory. But if better maps present a more accurate definition of the land and its political boundaries, much is also concealed beneath their orderly surface. When New Granada first came under Bourbon rule, it was a mosaic of regions, each isolated from the others by long distances and difficult terrain, and distinguished by cultural differences arising from variations in the local blend of Europeans, Indians, and Africans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed rationales accompanied early colonial endeavours, from the quest for grandeur and a global presence to the profitability that was, for some, the crux of empire. This economic rationale has outweighed other reasons to those who have sought decolonisation and opposed exploitation. Yet in every region, every period, and at every scale, the extent to which the colonies proved profitable has been contentious. Much evidence suggests that contemporary overseas territories have tended to be an economic cost to the colonial powers, most obviously in recent times. Nonetheless, varied geographies – in terms of the size, location of territories and distribution of various natural resources – histories and cultures have made general conclusions over the economic significance of empire difficult. Over time, as colonial powers occupied smaller and more distant places, the economic rationale for empire became exceptionally weak. In the South Pacific, for example, the French bid for New Caledonia in the 1850s was greeted in Australia with uninterest. Australia was a vast continent still to be finally explored and conquered, and such small islands were of little consequence. Britain took over the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Kiribati and Tuvalu) without competition from other metropolitan powers; colonialism was a matter of duty rather than the acquisition of a valuable area, in either economic or strategic terms. There was little wealth or grandeur in this distant fragment of empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chapter VIII of the book "The Bride of the Nile" is presented. It explores the gathering of Hiram whom had been joined by the guide and by the Arab merchant's head man, Rustem the Masdakite with his secretary and interpreter. It highlights the costly necklace set with pearls taken by Paula and handed it to Hiram and ordered him to escape from the place.

The article discusses the use of pearls and pins for embellishing paper craft projects.

The fable "The Cock and the Pearl," by Walter Crane is presented.

The lyrics to the song "The Pearls," translated by Basil Hall Chamberlain are presented. First Line: Oh! he my prince, that left my side; Last Line: Then cease, fair maid, to cry Alack!"

The tale "The Cock and the Pearl," translated by Elizur Wright Jr. is presented.

The poem "The Pearl" is presented. First Line: Description of a lost pearl (i.e. a beloved child). Last Line: God give us grace to be his servants!