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This section includes a systematic review of the descriptive epidemiology of the most important malignant neoplasms. It also includes an overview of the current state of knowledge about the risk factors and the strategies for primary and secondary prevention. We chose a global approach, which excludes important local aspects of the descriptive epidemiology, the aetiology and the prevention of neoplasms. All incidence and mortality rates are standardized to the world population. We report estimates for 2008 (Ferlay et al. 2010; GLOBOCAN 2008, 2010) since more recent data are available only for selected regions and countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]