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The consequences of malnutrition on the central nervous system are diverse and depend to a significant extent on the stage of development or maturity of the brain as well as on the severity of the nutritional deficiency. For example, vitamin deficiencies result in a wide range of neuropathology and neuropsychiatric symptomatology depending upon the nature and extent of the vitamin deficiency. The most common vitamin deficiency disorders are those associated with the group B vitamins, particularly thiamine (vitamin B1). The likelihood of multiple vitamin deficiencies should be borne in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A monograph for the pharmaceutical substance "ACIDUM NICOTINICUM/NICOTINIC ACID" from the fourth edition of "The International Pharmacopoeia" is presented. Nicotinic acid is categorized as a component of vitamin B complex and a vasodilator and described as a colourless crystal or a white powder. It is recommended that this substance be kept in a well-closed container. Procedures for performing an identity test and assay of the substance are described.

Chapter 9.4 of the book "Vitamin & Mineral Requirements in Human Nutrition" is presented. It explores niacin, including information on its deficiency, toxicity and role in human metabolic processes. It lists biochemical indicators used to estimate niacin requirements including urinary excretion, plasma concentrations of metabolites and erythrocyte pyridine nucleotides. It provides additional information on factors affecting requirements, evidence used to derive recommended intakes and recommended nutrient intakes for niacin.

Chapter 9.1 of the book "Vitamin & Mineral Requirements in Human Nutrition" is presented. It offers informatio on vitamins and minerals including thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid and biotin. It outlines the physiologic roles and clinical deficiency symptoms of B-complex vitamins.

The terms associated with niacin are presented.

A definition of the term "Pellagra" is presented. It refers to the clinical manifest form of niacin deficiency. Diarrhea, abdominal pain and lack of appetite are some of the early symptoms of Pellagra. Some of the symptoms of severe pellagra affects the nervous system, intestinal tract and skin.