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Copyright of Sportkardiologie (9783798517066) is the property of Springer Nature / Books and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are clear indications that the sea transport of solid and liquid bulk cargo will further grow in the near future. Due to the transport of crude oil out of arctic and sub-arctic regions there is an increasing demand of tanker tonnage suitable for sailing in ice. The operation of bulk carriers and tankers are characterized by two very different loading conditions, fully loaded and on ballast. For both loading conditions the hydrodynamic problems have to solved and the performance of the vessel has to be optimised. Due to the large block coefficient of these vessels, special attention is required for the course stability problem. For large tankers and bulkers (>100 TDWT) the main engine power installed for economic open water speed is insufficient to fulfil the power requirement of Ice Class 1B of the (FSICR). By means of ice model tests it has been proven that large tankers can cope with the brash ice resistance specified in the FSICR with significantly less propulsion power than stipulated in the rules. To achieve the transit performance required by the Ice class 1 B with a fixed pitch propeller the normal engine load range is often insufficient. By using engines with extended load range or CP propellers the power output can be significantly increased so that at least the ice performance required for Ice Class 1 B can be achieved with the same main engine size needed for open water performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jahrbuch der Schiffbautechnischen Gesellschaft is the property of Springer eBooks and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An extension of rheological bead-spring models that would encompass concentrated solutions and melts of high molecular weight polymers is investigated. As in some previous attempts the forces due to the interaction with surrounding molecules are represented by a force field. In a simple manner this force field takes into account the partial interpenetration of neighbouring molecules. A normal mode analysis renders a discrete relaxation spectrum for the model. In further treatment the model parameters are considered as a set of adjustable variables. It is verified that the resulting form of the model describes the relevant features of the polymer systems under consideration. The discussion is limited to monodisperse materials. The results are compared with experimental data taken from the literature as well as with other theories. The comparison covers the linear dynamic moduli, steady state shear flow and non-linear behaviour. Of the molecular characteristics only molecular weight is considered. Its effect on the model parameters is investigated, particularly to find out whether the known deviations from the Rouse model could be described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]