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The article discusses common buzzards in Great Britain focusing on their appearance and plumage patterns, buzzard breeding, and variability in their plumages and genetics. Topics include population dynamics of Buzzards, buzzard behavior in Britain, and structure of buzzards in Britain. Also discussed is life span of buzzards and distribution of Buzzards across Britain.

The term life history summarizes the timing and magnitude of growth, reproduction, and mortality over the lifetime of an individual organism. Important features of an individual's life history include the age or size at which reproduction begins, the relationship between size and age, the number of reproductive events over the individual's lifetime, the size and number of offspring produced at each reproductive event, the sex ratio of offspring, the chance that the individual dies as a function of age or size, and the individual's lifespan or longevity (the time elapsed between the birth and death of the individual). Although all of these features (so-called life history traits) describe individuals, some are more easily understood when viewed as aggregate properties of a population of individuals. This is particularly true of mortality and lifespan. Each individual dies once, at a certain age. But in a population of identical individuals, some may die at a young age and some at an old age. By imagining that the fraction of this population that is still alive at a given age also represents the probability that an average individual survives to that age, we see that the chance of survival to a given age, which is the converse of the chance of dying, ormortality, is a property of an individual. Similarly, we can envision the average lifespan (or ''life expectancy'') even though each individual has a single age at death. All sunflowers and the vast majority of sequoia seedlings die before reaching one year of age. Yet in a sequoia population, individuals have the potential to live for several millennia, which distinguishes sequoias from sunflowers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article focuses on increase in the population of old people. The maximum human life span appears to be around 120 years. In fact, we have no valid records of anyone living much beyond that length. There have been claims of people living into advanced age of 150 or even more. Despite the fact that people have millions upon millions of verified birth records in the 20th century, until recently there were no proven cases at all of any human being living above age 120. Then in 1995, a Frenchwoman named Jeanne Louise Calment reached the proven age of 120. Sickness or morbidity would be compressed into the last few years or months of life. But things don't always work out that way. Many observers worry that as increasing numbers of people live to advanced ages, the challenge of compressing morbidity will become more and more difficult. One study of mortality in the Netherlands did find some evidence that over a period from 1950 to 1992 survival curves became more rectangular, that is, deaths became concentrated around a point later in life.

The development of the concept of object permanence is traced in infants, children, and adults. In infancy this development takes the form of a gradual change in understanding of objects' identity parameters--the cues that, if altered, lead to a sense that the object's identity has changed. Studies are reviewed which suggest that by 2 years of age, children have a full understanding of the identity parameters of physical objects. Among older children and adults, the development of object permanence has been studied in two respects-(a) studies of pathological distortions in the understanding of permanence parameters, and (b) studies of the conditions under which notions of object permanence can be destroyed. Attention is focused on the second line of studies, particularly those in which the phenomenon on an object's nonpermanence is demonstrated to preschoolers and to adults. Under two conditions, children and adults alike evidence belief that an object can spontaneously turn into something else, that a physical object can be created "from nothing", and that a physical object can disappear. These results suggest that the concept of object permanence, even in the case of physical objects, is not attained in some final form by the age of 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines gender difference in life expectancy (LE) among kibbutz in Israel. Kibbutz society is the only society where all men and women are engage full-time in the labor force outside their homes. Men do not differ from women in the pressures and responsibilities put on them to contribute to maintaining the standard of living of the family and to secure its future. The findings support the hypotheses that: the intergender difference in LE for the kibbutz population is smaller than expected; males on the kibbutz gain the greatest benefit; and the deviation of the observed intergender difference in LE from the expected intergender difference is larger at age 50 than at birth. Incidentally, inspection of age-specific death rates of Israeli Jews and the kibbutz population reveals that the death rates of the kibbutz group is lower for all adult female groups of ages 30 above, and for male groups at ages 50 above. It is higher for the kibbutz males at ages 20-49. The points raised in the discussion about the possibility of selection process being the major factors determining for kibbutz members the intergender gap in LE disputes their likelihood and probability. This strengthens the view that it is the environmental and social situation of the kibbutzim that must be given the major credit for these results.

In this article, the author discusses the concept of aging. This analysis has suggested that there are three broad strategies available for the construction of the image of age. In order that an image is recognized as being that of age, at least one has to be adopted. The first is to focus attention upon the body and, in particular, the various signifiers of age. Wrinkles are perhaps the most obvious. The second is to attach to the person a set of appendages which represent age and, in this instance, the most obvious is possibly the zimmer frame. The third is to portray the person in a relationship with others, a relation which reflects an age difference and a state of dependency. Having settled upon a certain strategy, a decision may follow about whether the image is intended to represent the distinctive consequences of age or the irrelevance of age. If the former, then the message is clear: because of age, this follows. If the latter, the message is equally clear: despite age, this is still possible. Whatever the overall strategy, the construction and dissemination of a particular image can have a number of consequences. The intention may be that a section of the population will identify with it and act upon the associated message. What this analysis suggests is that a certain reality is constructed in the image, and people are then persuaded to play the part.

This article focuses on a book "Setting Limits," by Daniel Callahan. The children would be spared a life of poverty, their parents would be saved from starvation, and the overall economy of Ireland would be in better shape. Callahan sees "a natural life span" as being ready to say goodbye in one's late seventies or early eighties. This book is class-biased in the most fundamental way. People without resources in need of certain kinds of care will die sooner than old folks who do not have to depend on the government and Daniel Callahan. Callahan doesn't want his vision of "setting limits" to go into effect until society has assured the elderly access to decent long-term home care or nursing home care as well as better coverage for drugs, eyeglasses, and the like. Moreover, as an index of how human the spirit of "Setting Limits," is, if an old person is diagnosed as being in a chronic vegetative state (some physicians screw up this diagnosis), the Callahan plan mandates that the feeding tube be denied or removed.

A chapter of the book "E.Explore Insect: Hundreds of Links to Homework-Helpful, Safe Websites," by David Burnie is presented. It offers information on varied lifespans of insects and the impact of food supply, weather, and time of year. It features a chart that shows the lifespan of chalcid wasp, house fly, worker honey bee and swallowtail butterflies.

A chapter from the book "e.explore Plant" is presented. It discusses the different kinds of leaves which include the sensitive leaves, the modified leaves, and the twin leaves. It discusses the functions of each classification and mentions the different expected life spans of each leaf, like the English Oak that lasts for six months, the stone pine which lasts for three years, and the agave which lasts for ten years.

Provides information on the living conditions of the people in Mauritius. Expected span of life of men and women in the country; Information on the educational standards of the country; Description of the building in the country. INSETS: The Sound of Sega;Mauritian Festivals.

A chapter from the book " Potbellied Pigs" is presented. It presents some facts about potbellied pigs including their weights, colors, and life spans. It says that potbellied pigs' colors can vary from black, white, gray to silver-gray and with patches. Their life spans can be 10 to 15 years or sometimes longer. It describes the potbellied pigs as friendly, smart and curious creatures.

Information on miniature horses from the book "Miniature Horses" is presented. A miniature horse weighs around 150-250 pounds, has a height of 34 inches or less from the ground to the base of the last hairs of its mane and has a life span of at least 30 years. They sometimes serve as therapy horses, visiting schools, community centers, and senior citizen centers to cheer up the people there.

A definition of the term "primary cells" is presented. It refers to eukaryotic cells taken into culture directly from the organism. The survival period or life span of this kind of cells is discussed.