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24. PREFACE

Author

Adelson, Beth, primary, Bashinski, Howard, additional, Campbell, Robert, additional, Chamess, Neil, additional, Coury, Bruce, additional, Dray, Susan, additional, Fozard, James, additional, Green, Thomas, additional, Hancock, Peter, additional, Kalin, Sherry, additional, Kearsley, Greg, additional, Kraut, Robert, additional, Mack, Robert, additional, Moray, Neville, additional, Ojha, Purnendu, additional, Phillips, Mark, additional, Poltrock, Steven, additional, Price, Harold (Smoke), additional, Riley, Christine, additional, Rosson, Mary Beth, additional, Schurick, Jayne, additional, Spine, Tom, additional, Thomas, John, additional, Wasserman, Tony, additional, Wright, Patricia, additional, Badger, Warren, additional, Billingsley, Patricia, additional, Carroll, John, additional, Cook, Albert, additional, Czaja, Sara, additional, Dumais, Susan, additional, Glenn, Floyd, additional, Greene, Sharon, additional, Gould, John, additional, Hopson, Julie, additional, Karat, John, additional, Klein, Gary, additional, Landauer, Thomas, additional, Miller, Michael, additional, Murch, Gerald, additional, Parsons, Stuart, additional, Pisoni, David, additional, Post, David, additional, Remington, Robert, additional, Roberts, Teresa, additional, Sanders, Mark, additional, Schwaneveldt, Roger, additional, Smith, Randall, additional, Tullis, Tom, additional, Williges, Robert, additional, Bannon, Liam, additional, Boies, Stephen, additional, Chapman, Larry, additional, Cornell, Paul, additional, Douglas, Sally, additional, Eberts, Ray, additional, Goddard, Connie, additional, Hill, Ralph, additional, Kieras, David, additional, Klerker, Jonas af, additional, Lane, Norman, additional, Mitchell, Christine, additional, Nicholas, Beverly, additional, Pew, Richard, additional, Poison, Peter, additional, Potosnak, Kathleen, additional, Olson, Judith Reitman, additional, Rosenberg, Jarrett, additional, Sauter, Steven, additional, Sharit, Joseph, additional, Smith, Sidney, additional, Verplank, Bill, additional, Woods, David, additional, and Helander, Martin, additional

Published
1988
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25. CONTRIBUTORS

Author

Ammerman, Harry L., primary, Arnaut, Lynn Y., additional, Barnard, Phil J., additional, Bashinski, Howard S., additional, Becker, Franklin D., additional, Bennett, John, additional, Billingsley, Patricia A., additional, Boehm-Davis, Deborah A., additional, Brock, John F., additional, Carroll, John M., additional, Chapman, Larry L., additional, Chignell, Mark H., additional, Crowston, Kevin, additional, Curtis, Bill, additional, Czaja, Sara J., additional, Dumais, Susan T., additional, Eberts, Ray E., additional, Egan, Dennis E., additional, Elkerton, Jay, additional, Fähnrich, K.-P., additional, Fligg, Claude M., additional, Goodstein, L.P., additional, Goumain, Pierre, additional, Gould, John D., additional, Greenstein, Joel S., additional, Grudin, Jonathan, additional, Gupta, Rajiv, additional, Helander, Martin G., additional, Holtzblatt, Karen, additional, Joost, Michael G., additional, Karat, John, additional, Kellogg, Wendy A., additional, Kieras, David E., additional, Kroemer, K.H.E., additional, Landauer, Thomas K., additional, Mack, Robert L., additional, Mackie, Robert R., additional, Mayer, Richard E., additional, Malone, Thomas W., additional, Moody, Taryn S., additional, Ogden, William C., additional, Olson, Judith Reitman, additional, Ostberg, Olov, additional, Paap, Kenneth R., additional, Mcllvaine Parsons, H., additional, Perlman, Gary, additional, Pew, Richard W., additional, Phillips, Mark D., additional, Potosnak, Kathleen M., additional, Pratt, Joanne H., additional, Rasmussen, Jens, additional, Reisner, Phyllis, additional, Roberts, Teresa L., additional, Rosenberg, Daniel, additional, Roske-Hofstrand, Renate J., additional, Roth, Emily M., additional, Salter, William J., additional, Scha, Remko J.H., additional, Sharit, Joseph, additional, Sheridan, Thomas B., additional, Smith, Sidney L., additional, Snyder, Harry L., additional, Streeter, Lynn A., additional, Tullis, Thomas S., additional, Verplank, William L., additional, Waern, Karl-Gustav, additional, Whiteside, John, additional, Wilson, James, additional, Woods, David D., additional, Wright, Patricia, additional, Dennis Wylie, C., additional, Zachary, Wayne W., additional, and Ziegler, J.E., additional

Published
1988
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40. Poetics of performative space.

Author

Karat, John, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Abowd, Gregory, Calvary, Gaëlle, Carroll, John, Cockton, Gilbert, Czerwinski, Mary, Feiner, Steve, Furtado, Elizabeth, Höök, Kristiana, Jacob, Robert, Jeffries, Robin, Johnson, Peter, Nakakoji, Kumiyo, Palanque, Philippe, Pastor, Oscar, Paternó, Fabio, Pribeanu, Costin, Salzman, Marilyn, and Schmandt, Chris

Abstract

The TGarden is a genre of responsive environment in which actor-spectators shape dense media sensitive to their movements. These dense fields of light, sound, and material also evolve according to their own composed dynamics, so the agency is distributed throughout the multiple media. These TGardens explore open-ended questions like the following: what makes some time-based, responsive environments compelling, and others flat? How can people improvise gestures without words, that are individually or collectively meaningful? When and how is a movement intentional, or collectively intentional? This paper introduces what has been at stake behind the experimental work: subjectivation, moving from technologies of representation to technologies of performance, and the potential for ethicoaesthetic novelty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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41. Ethics is Fragile, Goodness is Not.

Author

Karat, John, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Abowd, Gregory, Calvary, Gaëlle, Carroll, John, Cockton, Gilbert, Czerwinski, Mary, Feiner, Steve, Furtado, Elizabeth, Höök, Kristiana, Jacob, Robert, Jeffries, Robin, Johnson, Peter, Nakakoji, Kumiyo, Palanque, Philippe, Pastor, Oscar, Paternó, Fabio, Pribeanu, Costin, Salzman, Marilyn, and Schmandt, Chris

Abstract

This paper first illustrates what kind of ethical issues arise from the new information, communication and automation technology. It then argues that we may embrace the popular idea that technology is ethically neutral or even ambivalent without having to close our eyes to those issues and in fact, that the ethical neutrality of technology makes them all the more urgent. Finally, it suggests that the widely ignored fact of normal responsible behaviour offers a new and fruitful starting point for any future thinking about such issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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42. Leonardo's choice: the ethics of artists working with genetic technologies.

Author

Karat, John, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Abowd, Gregory, Calvary, Gaëlle, Carroll, John, Cockton, Gilbert, Czerwinski, Mary, Feiner, Steve, Furtado, Elizabeth, Höök, Kristiana, Jacob, Robert, Jeffries, Robin, Johnson, Peter, Nakakoji, Kumiyo, Palanque, Philippe, Pastor, Oscar, Paternó, Fabio, Pribeanu, Costin, Salzman, Marilyn, and Schmandt, Chris

Abstract

Working with current methodologies of art, biology, and genetic technologies, the stated aims of artists working in this area include attempts both to critique the implications and outcomes of genetic technologies and to forge a new art practice involved in creating living beings using those technologies. It is this last ambition, the development of a new art practice involved in creating living beings, that this essay will particularly take to task by questioning the ethics of that goal and the uses of biotechnology in reaching it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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43. Databases are Us.

Author

Karat, John, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Abowd, Gregory, Calvary, Gaëlle, Carroll, John, Cockton, Gilbert, Czerwinski, Mary, Feiner, Steve, Furtado, Elizabeth, Höök, Kristiana, Jacob, Robert, Jeffries, Robin, Johnson, Peter, Nakakoji, Kumiyo, Palanque, Philippe, Pastor, Oscar, Paternó, Fabio, Pribeanu, Costin, Salzman, Marilyn, and Schmandt, Chris

Abstract

In the age of information overload, the primary concern for many knowledge areas becomes the organisation and retrieval of data. Artists have a unique opportunity, at this historical juncture, to play a role in the definition and design of systems of access and retrieval, and at the very least comment on the existing practices. In this article I show how some personalities have foreshadowed and indeed influenced the current practices and huge efforts in digitising our collective knowledge. This article is an effort to broadly contextualise the current atmosphere and environment that 'information architects' are confronted with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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44. Multimedia Archiving of Technological Change in a Traditional Creative Industry: A Case Study of the Dhokra Artisans of Bankura, West Bengal.

Author

Karat, John, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Abowd, Gregory, Calvary, Gaëlle, Carroll, John, Cockton, Gilbert, Czerwinski, Mary, Feiner, Steve, Furtado, Elizabeth, Höök, Kristiana, Jacob, Robert, Jeffries, Robin, Johnson, Peter, Nakakoji, Kumiyo, Palanque, Philippe, Pastor, Oscar, Paternó, Fabio, Pribeanu, Costin, Salzman, Marilyn, and Schmandt, Chris

Abstract

Many recent studies of technological change have focussed on the implementation of computer-based high technology systems. The research described here deals with the introduction of a new but ‘low' technology into an ancient craft tradition in India. The paper describes a project to capture and archive aspects of the tacit knowledge content of the traditional cire perdue brass foundry (Dhokra) craft of Bikna village, near Bankura, West Bengal. The research involved collaboration between the Indian National Institute for Science, Technology and Development Studies (NISTADS) and School of Art, Media and Design, University of Wales, Newport, UK in the context of the EU-India Cross-Cultural Innovation Network Project. NISTADS were proposing to introduce a new fuel-efficient furnace technology in place of the traditional form used in Bikna. It was expected that the introduction of the new furnace would catalyse major changes in the entire dhokra craft at Bikna. What was not anticipated, however, was the speed and extent of this change, to the extent that the old traditional way of doing things was changed within the space of a few months. A Multimedia record of the craft and the process was developed. These technologies make it possible to develop adequate representations of skilled performance mediated by the craftsman him-or herself. Particularly valuable in this respect is the capacity of multimedia systems to use a full range of modalities of description, including video, sound, still image, conventional text and technical diagrams. This enables the presentation of very complex information in a variety of formats and contexts. The context and process of developing this knowledge archive are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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45. On Human-Machine Symbiosis.

Author

Karat, John, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Abowd, Gregory, Calvary, Gaëlle, Carroll, John, Cockton, Gilbert, Czerwinski, Mary, Feiner, Steve, Furtado, Elizabeth, Höök, Kristiana, Jacob, Robert, Jeffries, Robin, Johnson, Peter, Nakakoji, Kumiyo, Palanque, Philippe, Pastor, Oscar, Paternó, Fabio, Pribeanu, Costin, Salzman, Marilyn, and Schmandt, Chris

Abstract

Human centredness asserts firstly, that we must always put people before machines, however complex or elegant that machine might be, and, secondly, it marvels and delights at the ability and ingenuity of human beings. The Human Centred Systems movement looks sensitively at these forms of science and technology which meet our cultural, historical and societal requirements, and seeks to develop more appropriate forms of technology to meet out long-term aspirations. In the Human Centred System, there exists a symbiotic relation between the human and the machine in which the human being would handle the qualitative subjective judgements and the machine the quantitative elements. It involves a radical redesign of the interface technologies and at a philosophical level the objective is to provide tools (in the Heidegger sense) which would support human skill and ingenuity rather than machines which would objectivise that knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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46. What Goes on When a Designer Thinks?

Author

Karat, John, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Abowd, Gregory, Calvary, Gaëlle, Carroll, John, Cockton, Gilbert, Czerwinski, Mary, Feiner, Steve, Furtado, Elizabeth, Höök, Kristiana, Jacob, Robert, Jeffries, Robin, Johnson, Peter, Nakakoji, Kumiyo, Palanque, Philippe, Pastor, Oscar, Paternó, Fabio, Pribeanu, Costin, Salzman, Marilyn, and Schmandt, Chris

Abstract

Copyright of Cognition, Communication & Interaction is the property of Springer eBooks and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2008
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47. Organisational Spaces and Intelligent Machines: A Metaphorical Approach to Ethics.

Author

Karat, John, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Abowd, Gregory, Calvary, Gaëlle, Carroll, John, Cockton, Gilbert, Czerwinski, Mary, Feiner, Steve, Furtado, Elizabeth, Höök, Kristiana, Jacob, Robert, Jeffries, Robin, Johnson, Peter, Nakakoji, Kumiyo, Palanque, Philippe, Pastor, Oscar, Paternó, Fabio, Pribeanu, Costin, Salzman, Marilyn, and Schmandt, Chris

Abstract

This paper tackles the main changes that have taken place in the mechanical worldview of simple, self-regulating and intelligent machines, and studies their repercussions at the ethical and organisational level. These views of machines agree with the scientific, human-relations and postmodern proposals in organisation theory, in that they are in fact reflections on human nature which depend on metaphorical devices within which the machine metaphor is central. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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48. Building a pedagogy around action and emotion: experiences of Blind Opera of Kolkata.

Author

Karat, John, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Abowd, Gregory, Calvary, Gaëlle, Carroll, John, Cockton, Gilbert, Czerwinski, Mary, Feiner, Steve, Furtado, Elizabeth, Höök, Kristiana, Jacob, Robert, Jeffries, Robin, Johnson, Peter, Nakakoji, Kumiyo, Palanque, Philippe, Pastor, Oscar, Paternó, Fabio, Pribeanu, Costin, Salzman, Marilyn, and Schmandt, Chris

Abstract

Contemporary knowledge systems have given too much importance to visual symbols, the written word for instance, as the repository of knowledge. The primacy of the written word and the representational world built around it is, however, under debate—especially from recent insights derived from cognitive science that seeks to bring back action, intent and emotion within the core of cognitive science (Freeman and Nunez in J Consciousness Stud 6(11/12), 1999). It is being argued that other sensory experiences, apart from the visual, along with desires (or intent) and emotions—like pain, pleasure, sorrow or joy—constitute equally important building blocks that shape an individual's cognition of the world around. This multi-sensory cognition colored by emotions inspire action and hence is valid knowledge. This is probably nowhere more apparent than in the world of the visually impaired. Deprived of visual sensory capability, they have to perforce depend on other senses. But the dominant discourse in wider society plays a major role in determining what they (the blind) can do. A society built around visual symbols and the written word underplays other elements of cognition and in the process undervalues them. This also gets reflected in the construction of social artifacts of various kinds, such as the educational certification system (The Braille system is an attempt to make the written world accessible to the blind through tactile signals—so that words are ‘felt' and ‘read.' But it is quite cumbersome. For instance, even a blind highly skilled at writing in Braille would not be able to match the writing speed of an ordinary visually endowed literate person. Effective and efficient computer-based voice-text-voice converters might solve this problem better.)-based primarily on skills over the written word. Linguistic ability becomes most valuable and at another level the written word gets salience over the spoken word. The blind hardly has a chance, therefore, except through concessions or piety. A practice built around the imagery of an empowered blind person, therefore, must depart from mainstream conceptualization—for power is derived from what one has rather than from what one lacks. It must begin by tapping and valorizing one's own endowments. This paper is an attempt to identify such a departure based on the experience of Blind Opera—a theatre group of the blind working in Kolkata, India. It seeks to provide an exposition in written word of an experience that can only be partially captured within the confines of a text. It is an incomplete account, therefore, and may be taken as an attempt to reach out and seek an exchange of experiences and insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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49. Ethics and Intellectual Structures.

Author

Karat, John, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Abowd, Gregory, Calvary, Gaëlle, Carroll, John, Cockton, Gilbert, Czerwinski, Mary, Feiner, Steve, Furtado, Elizabeth, Höök, Kristiana, Jacob, Robert, Jeffries, Robin, Johnson, Peter, Nakakoji, Kumiyo, Palanque, Philippe, Pastor, Oscar, Paternó, Fabio, Pribeanu, Costin, Salzman, Marilyn, and Schmandt, Chris

Abstract

In the paper, three propositions are put forward. First, that intellectual structures of wide scope commonly lead to conclusions which are ethically unacceptable; secondly that the ethically unacceptable consequences of science arise from one particular presupposition which it adopts, namely that of causality; thirdly, that causality is no essential part of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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50. The Role of "Craft Language" in Learning "Waza".

Author

Karat, John, Vanderdonckt, Jean, Abowd, Gregory, Calvary, Gaëlle, Carroll, John, Cockton, Gilbert, Czerwinski, Mary, Feiner, Steve, Furtado, Elizabeth, Höök, Kristiana, Jacob, Robert, Jeffries, Robin, Johnson, Peter, Nakakoji, Kumiyo, Palanque, Philippe, Pastor, Oscar, Paternó, Fabio, Pribeanu, Costin, Salzman, Marilyn, and Schmandt, Chris

Abstract

Copyright of Cognition, Communication & Interaction is the property of Springer eBooks and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2008
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