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Chapter 5 of the book "A Humanist Science: Values and Ideals in Social Inquiry," by Philip Selznick, is presented. It explores the interaction between ideals and realities which is essential in understanding the science of humanist virtue. It describes the empirical and theoretical aspects of humanist virtue in the variability focuses on the concept of moral competence.

Chapter 2 of the book "Adoptive Families in a Diverse Society" is presented. According to the chapter, adoption's ability to expand the boundaries of acceptable families and its vulnerability to cultural ideals of appropriate family roles can be seen in the experience of single women. The chapter notes that the maternal model of womanhood provided single women with a clear rationale for adopting that allowed the public to understand and accept their unmarried motherhood.

An essay is presented that focuses on how cultural communities incorporate to metaphorical constructs to indicate the ideals of individuals in the U.S. It argues the concept that the linguistic gestures of people are relevant in establishing the sense of nationhood or community. The association of social conception and the issue of nationality is also highlighted.

The author reflects on claims regarding the decline in the frequency of family meals. information about mealtime patterns. For example, when Good Housekeeping conducted a nationwide survey of their readers in late 1993, they found that family meals were, as the magazine journalists put it, the daily norm for almost half 46 per cent of the 1,010 responses they analysed. Over and above those technicalities, we also face at least two difficulties in trying to discover whether people are eating together less together than they used to. The first is that academic researchers and market researchers are not particularly good at talking to each other--with the result that academics are generally ignorant about market researchers' findings. An idea of family meals, however real, remains just that, an idea. It is thus potentially redolent of ideology, social prescription and ideals. The snatches of material about the idea of the family meal as an aspiration seem much more commonly to reflect an image of an ideal at which everyone should be aiming. More rarely--and thus perhaps more tellingly--quite the opposite aspiration can also be detected. In their classic investigation of family life of South Wales in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Rosser and Harris noticed that it was common for married sons regularly to call at their mothers' homes for meals. Even where household and family coincide, internal social divisions are evident, not least at meals.

Deals with the ways in which educational ideals may be assessed in terms of their operation and sufficiency to furnish a theoretical basis for normative judgment. Reason for initially dealing with ideals in general; Perception of some philosophers on ideals; Role of concreteness in normative attempts in ethics and social philosophy; Step in understanding an ideal; Description of an ideal as a category of ethics.

The article focuses on the views of sociologist Emile Durkheim on autonomy. Durkheim's first main move sees modern attachment to the ideal of autonomy as a fact, to be understood and accepted as such. He begins with various standard expressions of the ideal, and connects it with modern morality's fundamental axiom, that the human person is the sacred thing par excellence. Thus any kind of restriction on conscience seems immoral, since it does violence to personal autonomy. A particular way of thinking should never be forced on a person, even in the name of a moral authority. One's reason should accept as true only that which it has spontaneously recognized as such. Durkheim switches interest from an apparent contradiction between freedom and cohesion to one between freedom and determinism. He reports various standard claims that one's personality can be nothing but the product of the milieu, whether social, physical or biological. He is then ready with his own argument that, even so, aspirations to autonomy constitute a modern fact.

The article discusses the views of sociologist Emile Durkheim on modern ills and modern ideals. A mechanistic conception of society does not exclude the ideal. On the contrary, it not only does not deprives one of ideals, but allows one to believe that one shall never lack them, there is and will always be a free field open to one's efforts. So this can prepare the way for the human ideal as an active element of modernity's dynamic, interdependent with and helping to guide the division of labor, reflection intervenes to direct the course. Thought's intervention, to direct the course, is to help to overcome them. This, however, is part of a set of three basic concerns. Endorsing the human ideal as the modern social ideal is a matter of ethics. Evaluating actual society in terms of it is a matter of critique. Getting from the actual to the ideal is a matter of reform. The process is not just an affair of clear ideas. It involves obscure, awakening aspirations, giving people a sense of something lacking and of where they must channel their efforts.

Focuses on the racial ideals of the Negro people. Justification for liberty; Idealism of the black race on governance of another races and people; Cooperation of the Universal Negro Improvement Association on race problem.

The article focuses on the ideal of educated persons and the things they have learned. The author explains that educated people are those who know things known by academically educated people. It mentions the virtue of humility and explores several types of knowledge including one that allows people to discover further things that they could use and one they may regard as the humanities.

The article discuses the ideals of education. It states that the vision that leads education suggests the ideals and goals of education and reveals an understanding of the values governing society and human life. It says that the leading values underlying educational system are self-interest and utility.

Chapter Nine of the book "Criticism and Defense of Rationality in Contemporary Philosophy," edited by Dane R. Gordon and Józef Niżnik, is presented. It explores the concept of rationality in the social sciences and its standards applicable to different modes of social life, practices, and beliefs. It highlights the role of rationality on a particular human action and the entirety of social practices based on their intelligibility, consistency, and reasonableness.

Chapter One of the book "Criticism and Defense of Rationality in Contemporary Philosophy," edited by Dane R. Gordon and Józef Niżnik, is presented. It explores the principle of rationality, its meaning and function, and its role as a fundamental value relative to the self-image of human beings. It highlights the evolution of the ideals of rationality and its implications on the idea of rationality relating to communication of human thought and the language of philosophy.

The article offers the author's insights regarding his philosophy of values. The author states that he works within the realm of values as well as springs from living values. He says that he has engaged in value inquiry without a theory of values but not the content of a philosophy instead the conduct of philosophizing. He mentions that philosophy as precise, technical, and reserved to a professional elite never attracts him.

Chapter III of the book "Cosmos Latinos: An Anthology of Science Fiction From Latin America & Spain," translated and edited by Andrea L. Bell and Yolanda Molina-Gavilán is presented. It highlights the science fiction book "The Cosmonaut," by Ángel Arango. In "The Cosmonaut," one can read a stout defense of utopian ideals and philosophical concepts that Arango upholds. These include respect for each individual and nation and for the role of human imagination in the face dangers.

The article offers the authors' insights on theory and practice of axiology. The authors mentions the importance of value philosophy and its antiquate property. The authors also discuss the significance of aesthetics' fundamental insights for the axiometric determination of intrinsic value and the lack of science for the said value.

The poem "The Ideal" is presented. First Line: Thee have I seen in some waste Arden old, Last Line: Her aching heart to share.