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Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is a type of high-resolution and comparatively non-destructive fluorescence imaging technique that overcomes the limitations of conventional wide-field microscopy and facilitates the generation of high-resolution 3D images from relatively thick sections of tissue. In addition, CLSM enables the in situ characterization of tissue microstructure. Images generated by CLSM have been utilized for the study of articular cartilage, bone, muscle, tendon and ligament, and in the field of orthopaedics. More importantly, recent evolution in techniques and technologies have facilitated a relatively widespread adoption of this imaging modality, with increased "user friendliness" and flexibility; therefore, applications of CLSM exist in the rapidly advancing field of orthopaedic implants and the investigation of joint lubrication. Accordingly, this chapter focuses on the specific applications, as well as the recent and future direction of developments of CLSM in orthopaedic research in tissues of orthopaedic interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of semantic web technologies, large and complex ontologies are constructed and applied to many practical applications. In order for users to quickly understand and acquire information from these huge information "oceans", we propose a novel ontology visualization approach accompanied by "anatomies" of classes and properties. With the holistic "imaging", users can both quickly locate the interesting "hot" classes or properties and understand the evolution of the ontology; with the anatomies, they can acquire more detailed information of classes or properties that is arduous to collect by browsing and navigation. Specifically, we produce the ontology's holistic "imaging" which contains a semantic layout on classes and distributions of instances. Additionally, the evolution of the ontology is illustrated by the changes on the "imaging". Furthermore, detailed anatomies of classes and properties, which are enhanced by techniques in database field (e.g. data mining), are ready for users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]