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A part of the book "Jamaica Absolutely" edited by Arif Ali is presented. It highlights the Caribbean Fashion Week, a display of fashion flair, street style and Caribbean Couture, in Kingston, Jamaica. It explores the staple attractions which could be discovered in Kingston, including the Ward Theatre, the National Gallery, the Gordon House and the Downtown Kingston Reggae Music Heritage Tour.

Chapter 17 of the book "Global Cases on Hospitality Industry" is presented. It examines the impact of British colonialism on the heritage tourism development of George Town in Penang, Malaysia. It is noted that the British occupation in Malaysia for 160 years has brought about major changes in the local architectural scenes through the establishment of institutional buildings. It is concluded that the growth of heritage tourism in George Town depends on the conservation efforts to preserve the historic buildings.

This chapter looks at the development of cultural tourism in the Gaeltacht regions of Ireland. The Gaeltacht is the term given to those regions where, although the inhabitants all speak English, Irish is still spoken as the community language. The regions possess a rich heritage, a strong cultural identity and in most cases, spectacular scenery. The Gaeltacht areas are seen to present an opportunity to maintain naturally the continuation of Irish tradition and language and to provide an environment where other people can learn Irish. The move towards activity-based accommodation, particularly sold as a package, is seen to be a way forward. The intention to keep as much tourism benefit as possible within the community is reinforced by a proposal to establish a small accommodation providers' cooperative to link up with touring agents to provide these packages. It is also suggested that activity combined with language, heritage or culture could also be offered. In relation to marketing it is believed that the Gaeltacht should be marketed as a place apart with entry and directional signs to indicate that the tourist is in a Gaeltacht area. Cultural associations and links with other European areas such as Brittany should be expanded and specific Gaeltacht tourism marketing material should be developed.

The article focuses on the development of heritage tourism in Bradford, England. Bradford Metropolitan District, with its population of 480,000 people, is located on the western fringes of the West Yorkshire conurbation. By the 1980s, inevitable decline in traditional industries posed major challenges to attempts to restructure and revive the area. Surprisingly, the new strategies that emerged to address these problems included proposals for the promotion of tourism, using several established or potential attractions as a basis. The case of Bradford demonstrates several points. It shows the power of heritage attractions to promote new tourism destinations but, more importantly, it shows the importance of images of places. To succeed, Bradford had to reinvent itself, to cast off the old images of the industrial city and through conscious policies of investment and promotion, construct a new set of images that would appeal to the fickle and unpredictable tastes of the tourist. The fact that it was able to do so successfully and provide a model for similar places seeking to follow the same path tells us just how flexible the modern geographies of tourism are becoming.

This article highlights the political issues and challenges that are more central to heritage tourism development than other forms of tourism. Heritage tourism would appear to be a potentially important form of development, for example, as a source of national identity, political communication and socialization; but there has been little empirical research done on this topic. This article illustrates how this expanding form of tourism has become a growing arena for political conflict. The author notes that the struggle over heritage tourism reflects its growth and success. Everyone wants a piece of the action. To understand why the struggle has intensified one needs only to look at the magnitude of tourism involved. Not only is the balance of power shifting somewhat from dominant groups to the formerly marginalized, but other changes form an increasingly decentralized, privatized, and yet often globalized policymaking environment. As the heritage sites have changed, so have the opportunities for two opposing tourist experiences. The visitors now have an unprecedented opportunity to interact with and make an impact on the sites at many heritage destinations.

This article analyzes heritage resources for urban tourism in European cities. The authors note that the development and management of urban tourism has become a major challenge in many European cities. They are cradles of history and culture, of social and cultural life, rich in heritage buildings, but in many cases also areas in which economic, social and environmental problems are concentrated. The development of urban tourism is expected to rebalance the urban economy, by generating new activities and by regenerating rundown districts. The revitalization potential of tourism strongly depends on the presence of resources which can be developed into tourist attractions, on the financial capacity of public and private partners to do so and on political will. The key issues in this process of developing tourism as a vehicle for urban revitalization are the way heritage resources are being transformed into tourist products, the concern to conserve the cultural identity of places and, not least, the major challenge to develop views and strategies on urban quality management.

The article focuses on cultural tourism and its future prospects. The agenda of cultural tourism needs to be addressed at international summits. If cultural tourism is to be managed appropriately, it is no use just opening a site to the public without thought and then complaining if it is misused. People need to evaluate carefully the likely needs of a site and decide how to meet them appropriately or, where necessary, how to discourage inappropriate use. It is recognized that there needs to be more training of tourism staff. While adult training in a range of practical conservation and management skills is available, it is vital to develop an understanding and appreciation on the part of the public at large about how and why a cultural site needs to be cared for and managed in relation to tourist visits. Tourism is in the spotlight. In recognition of its economic might and potential, it is now becoming used as a tool of persuasion. All the World Heritage Sites have a special obligation to take a lead, to show themselves to be world models, in the appropriate management of cultural sites for tourism.

The article presents information about ways to make a cultural site entertaining for a visitor in a format that is appropriate to that particular site. Entertainment at a site or museum often gives it a necessary zest and provides a vital stimulus to that place's recognition in historical terms. The concern must be, however, that the entertainment should be appropriate, accentuating the presence and meaning of a site, not demeaning it. If the avowed intention of a presenter is to get a message across, and if the experience of absorbing information is made enjoyable for the visitor, the process will occur all the more easily. Heritage stories and themes provide marvellous material for entertainment, because of their innate differentness from 20th-century daily life. The crucial factor when producing entertainment at a site, is to determine what entertainment will enhance, not reduce, a site's meaning or stature. At its best, entertainment is not a mere diversion but a vehicle for creating greater knowledge, understanding and awareness, joy and uplift. Entertainment can help bring out the best in a site, or show its hidden depths.

The article focuses on an item of heritage and the needs of an item of heritage. An item of heritage could be defined as a cultural site itself, whether single location or scattered, or a cultural object or objects, of one or many types, housed at a location or locations. In its World Heritage Convention of 1972, UNESCO defined the cultural heritage as monuments, groups of buildings or sites which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science. The cultural and natural heritage are increasingly threatened with destruction not only by the traditional causes of decay, but also by changing social and economic conditions which aggravate the situation with even more formidable phenomena of damage or destruction. Conservation and preservation are the needs of cultural sites if they are to stand up to the threat of over-enthusiastic tourism. Like a cultural site, a cultural object will demand certain basics in regard to its role as a visitor attraction and a public source of information. Its intrinsic qualities will require certain appropriate types of treatment as regards care and conservation and its type of material will dictate other requirements.

The article discusses ways to attract tourists to a cultural site. There are various reasons for wishing to produce an attraction. First is to make a cultural item attractive in itself, though perhaps only in order to produce revenue for its repair and upkeep. Secondly, to create a focus of attraction by association with surrounding areas, which may have a greater semblance of attractiveness. Finally, to serve as a diversion from a visitor-overloaded item elsewhere. To be highly attractive in a competitive market, a cultural item has a strong head start if it has something distinctive about it. Despite its repugnance to some, modernity, in itself, is a strong attraction to many. Epcot, at Walt Disney World in Florida, was built on this premise. Cultural attractions on completely redundant, or only partly functioning railway lines will have experienced a reduction in market share, unless they have developed alternatively good methods of mass visitor access. Theming and packages attached to already attractive destinations are useful marketing devices. Promotion through signage and other information is obviously a valuable tool for attracting visitors to a site.

The article presents the needs of presenters of a cultural site. The direct presenter of a cultural site will be the person or persons immediately involved in making a cultural provision for the visitor. The presenter in a wider sense is the community which is serving as host to the visitor. The needs of a site's presenter are most likely to be to use a site to achieve commercial success, to fulfil an education or information role, for philanthropic or social reasons, or even merely for reasons of status. A wider community and/or its governors or political leaders may probably have reasons more diverse than those above to present a site to visitor view. Economic reasons may well be to the fore, but along with generation or regeneration of income and employment, social purposes generally with conservation and reasons of politics, religion or status also. Presenters of culture range from supra-national groups to regions and cities down to an individual with a one-room museum or single-megalith field.

The article analyzes tourists' needs in visiting sites and newly emerging tourist groups. Tourists are humans, so it is at human behaviour that people need to look in enquiry. The tourism industry, of which, as has been said, cultural tourism forms a major part, is just one portion of the whole sector which sets out to service humanity's needs. Tourists can be, and have been, categorized into various groups by their motivations for travel. In the context of cultural tourism, in particular, it is possible to identify various main types of need of a cultural site. Parts of Europe are experiencing a new type of tourist, one who is eager to visit but who does not have adequate resources for so doing. Older, First World tourists are another general group on the increase at the moment. These people are seen as naturally inclined to be cultural tourists, their requirements from cultural sites are likely to condition the touristic experiences that are made available. One of the most important attractions for a visitor to a cultural site is its differentness from daily life. One of the principal motivating forces for visiting cultural sites is status.

The article focuses on cultural tourism. Tourism is a massive ingredient of the modern world. In many places across the world, many cultural tourism attractions are suffering visitor overload already, while others are visited to capacity. World Heritage Sites might be thought, by their nature, to fall entirely into the category to be over-visited or visited to capacity. Among the reasons for promoting, or not promoting, one attraction at the expense of another, those of economic and/or political or social prestige are usually to the fore. The explosion in tourism in general is principally rooted in better communications, increased affluence and more leisure. Culture has terrific power. and cultural tourism is now integral to modern life. The first and only basis for consideration of the most appropriate way to conduct cultural tourism is a recognition that the agenda must be determined, and then implemented, globally, on the basis of an acceptance of nations' complete interdependence. Tourism, as a global industry, is liable to be influenced by the forces of, politics, economics and culture.

This chapter examines the approach to regeneration and conservation adopted in two historic areas in the Arab world. The two localities are the Ottoman city of Salt in Jordan, and the merchant quarter of Dubai known as the Bastakia. In both, tourism played an important part in the strategy for renewal and recovery. The two case studies examined in this chapter differ in certain respects, they both illustrate the potential role historic cities of the developing world can play as important tourism assets. The restoration of historic buildings within these cities can therefore contribute to economic rejuvenation by supporting tourism development, while the income from tourism activity can contribute to the conservation of aspects of the urban environment. However, the Bastakia and Salt examples also illustrate how the potential of heritage tourism will not be realized without a thoroughly considered and balanced management approach. It is important that tourism markets and the heritage product are matched in a manner that ensures that fragile historical assets are preserved. Although income from tourism might be sufficient to cover the cost of restoring and maintaining these assets, seed funding from the public sector is generally necessary as a primer for these activities.

The article focuses on cultural tourism and empowerment in Bali, Indonesia. In some situations, where cultural distances between hosts and visitors are slight, socio-cultural effects of tourism are minimal. The reaction of the Balinese to the active development of tourism was initially mixed. The economic gains were largely welcomed but there were concerns over the extent to which the cultural heritage of the island would be protected. The Indonesian government was felt by some to be appropriating Balinese culture as a key component in attempts to forge an Indonesian 'national' culture, and much of the rationale for the initiative was seen as political-an attempt to project a positive image of Indonesia to the international community, in order to distract attention from internal tensions and extensive abuses of human rights. However, the Balinese authorities soon realized that the new strategic role of tourism actually provided a political and economic lever that they could use to advantage in their dealings with the Indonesian government.

The article presents a preface to the book "Managing Quality Cultural Tourism." The aim of this book is to set out and describe matters and issues concerning the pursuit of achieving happy heritage visits by those managing quality cultural tourism. The concern is to highlight circumstances in society in general, circumstances which, in particular, concern cultural tourism and circumstances which pertain to a site or item, or group of sites or items, which together condition what would be the appropriate tourism response in each individual situation. Culture is very much tourism's main attraction. Without culture to make the difference, every place would seem blandly the same. Despite a situation of world recession, tourism continues on the path predicted for it of becoming the number one industry in the world by the millennium. In this circumstance, presenters, understandably, will increasingly want more and more to use more and more cultural heritage for their purpose. There is growing concern in various quarters and places, both professional and lay, about how to meet the tourism demands of the cultural heritage appropriately, without irrevocable and unreasonable damage to the primary resource.

The article analyzes the use of the book "Managing Quality Cultural Tourism," for teaching purposes. The book can be used for teaching for the tourism and leisure and heritage professions. It can also be used for higher education in universities and technical training colleges over a range of humanities and social science disciplines and vocational subjects. The text of the book is arranged so that the subject is introduced in general by considering the situation of cultural tourism. Then the principal elements of the cultural tourism product are looked at, followed by an analysis of the component needs and aims of cultural tourism and how they can be met. Following each chapter are two additional items including one which outlines the chapter's main issues and questions and the other provides suggestions for further reading.

The article acknowledges people, places, matters and media items around the world which serve in the preparation of the book "Managing Quality Cultural Tourism." It also acknowledges Kevin Robins, a reader in cultural geography at the University of Newcastle Upon Tyne in Newcastle Upon Tyne, England, for inspiration and his generosity in sharing his knowledge. It also thanks Andrew Wheatcroft, the editor of the book, who has been enormously helpful in the publication of the book. Some closest encouragement has come from Professor Peter Fowler.