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The article provides information on how ex-slave narratives offer a unique window into the social context and racial dynamics where the interviews took place. The written record of exchanges show the nexus of two practices, which include the commodification of ex-slaves of their oral performances and the paternalistic practice of southern whites to use charitable gifts to persuade African American informants to provide their stories.

The article offers step-by-step instructions creating decorative stitches on gift-card boxes along with instructions to construct boxes.

This chapter presents the ethical considerations for fundraisers in asking for the gift. Compliance with laws and regulations is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donor privacy includes the ethics of privacy, confidentiality, and the right of the individual to set limits on information and the dissemination of that information. Fundraisers and their organizations are expected to adhere to practices that protect the privacy of the donor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a gift according to donor intention is the theme of this chapter. Organizations need policies in gift acceptance to steward a gift from acceptance through use of the gift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the discovery of the Inca ice maiden, a mummy who was sacrificial victim offered to an unknown god during the mid-15th century AD. It cites the ritual for offering sacrifice by giving the parents concessions and special gifts by the priesthood and to be paraded through the streets in immense celebrations. It also discusses the sedated ice maiden before she was bludgeoned at the back of the skull.

The article offers step-by-step instructions for making a pyramid gift box using book pages.

Chapter 11 of the book "Business Loans Between Family and Friends," by Asheesh Advani is presented. It discusses the handling of gifts from family and friends. It suggests to make sure that the received amount as gift falls within Internal Revenue Service (IRS) limits and how to deal with it. It also mentions about the gift letter which is documents a one-time gift to an individual or offers loan repayment forgiveness letter.

Chapter 10 of the book "Your Michigan Wills, Trusts & Estates Explained Simply: Important Information You Need to Know for Michigan Residents," by Linda C. Ashar is presented. It discusses the sticky-note method for distributing one's estate. It explores the act of early gifting as an important strategy for estate planning. It tackles the importance to determine one's needs, preferences, and expectations in estate planning.

Chapter 12 of the book "How to Wipe Out Your Student Loans and Be Debt Free Fast: Everything You Need to Know Explained Simply" is presented. It discusses the repayment of a student loan after graduation from college through the help of relatives. It offers information on how to request for cash gifts and save money on the loan balance. It recommends the use of the incentive program of Upromise to gain savings for payment of the college loan.

Chapter 6 of the book "The Complete Guide to Wills: What You Need to Know Explained Simply" by Linda C. Ashar and Sandy Baker is presented. It focuses on beneficiaries who are people that will receive something when writing a will. The types of beneficiaries include primary, equally shared and alternate or contingency beneficiaries. Moreover, integral to planning the will is to identify desired beneficiaries and matching it with the intended gifts.

Chapter 9 of the book "Complete Guide to Planning Your Estate in Michigan: A Step-by-Step Plan to Protect Your Assets, Limit Your Taxes & Ensure Your Wishes Are Fulfilled for Michigan Residents." This chapter discusses how to reduce one's own federal estate taxes. Ways to reduce the estate tax include making gifts during the lifetime and using irrevocable trust. The Qualified Terminable Interest Property (QTIP) Trust, another opt estate taxesion to reduce or stop estate taxes, is also discussed.

Chapter 9 of the book "Complete Guide to Planning Your Estate in Pennsylvania: A Step-by-Step Plan to Protect Your Assets, Limit Your Taxes & Ensure Your Wishes Are Fulfilled for Pennsylvania Residents" is presented. This chapter discusses how to lower the federal estate taxes. The author states that in order to reduce estate tax pay, people should make gifts during their lifetime and use an irrevocable trust. Information on Qualified Terminable Interest Property (QTIP) trust, another option to reduce or stop estate taxes, is offered.

Chapter 5 of the book "The Visible and the Revealed," by Jean-Luc Marion is presented. It states that the appearance or entrance of the gift into objective phenomenality which prepares it for economic exchange and logically removes it from givenness. It claims that givenness is in no way equivalent to production, but is tied to the phenomenality of what appears only by deciding itself from itself.

Chapter 11 of the book "Nolo's Essential Retirement Tax Guide" by Twila Slesnick and John Suttle is presented. It explores the value of gifts which are made to individual that does not qualify for tax deduction purposes such as medical expenses. It highlights the inherited property which is not subject to income tax when received. It presents an overview on tax for inherit assets from the spouse which includes filing status and exemptions, standard deductions, and itemized deductions.

Chapter 7 of the book "Be the Ultimate Assistant: A Celebrity Assistant's Secrets to Working With Any High-Powered Employers" is presented. It narrates the value of good manners by acknowledging kind gestures through sending handwritten personal note, flowers, warm-e-mail, sincere phone call or a cake. It also suggests similar gestures of empathy, returning phone calls, giving undivided attention and holding doors open for others.

Chapter 22 of the book "Plan Your Estate" is presented. It explores the role of disclaimers in estate and gift tax savings and fine-tuning gifts, in which it has the advantage of being an effective way for a beneficiary to pass a gift along to another person who has a less property. It offers the rules of U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for disclaimers and discusses estate planning. It also presents the problems with trustees directing disclaimed property which is prohibited by the law.

Chapter 9 of the book "8 Ways to Avoid Probate" is presented. It discusses the method of avoiding probate by gifting the property when a person is alive. Giving gifts is easy to do and giving property saves estate tax. Large gifts of more than 12,000 dollars per recipient per year requires a federal gift tax return. It is stated that gifts to minors are subject to special rules to keep their tax free status.

Chapter 6 of the book "The Complete Guide to Medicaid & Nursing Home Costs" is presented. The article discusses the rule regarding on making gift to any one other than the Medicaid beneficiary's spouse. It notes that the gift can cause a beneficiary to be ineligible for Medicaid for a penalty period even if their income is within the range. It mentions that the value of a gift counted for Medicaid is determined by its fair market value or the retail value at a time it is counted as an asset.

Chapter 3 of the book "Carved Gifts for All Occasions," by James E. Seitz is presented. It features carved gifts to celebrate Valentine's Day using the heart as a motif. These include a bangle with a leaf-and-flower motif carved repeatedly around its perimeter, a heart pendant with matching earrings and a bolo tie to replace a necktie. It also suggests special ways of designing, shaping, and putting the items together.

Chapter 2 of the book "Carved Gifts for All Occasions," by James E. Seitz is presented. It features wood-carved items for birthday occasions, focusing on brooches, animal pendants and other jewel ornaments. It explains unique techniques of putting together items such as a pair of stud earrings made of cherry wood, a necklace that is assembled by using carved elements and a built-up brooch representing a four-leaf clover.

Chapter 6 of the book "Carved Gifts for All Occasions," by James E. Seitz is presented. It explains why graduation is a special occasion for giving wood-carved gifts. It suggests jewelry items for females of all ages and a set of tie clips and cuff links for the men. It also features some gift items that would be appreciated by both genders such as pen holders, an abstract wooden sculpture and or an expertly carved scene for a student's dormitory room.

Chapter 5 of the book "Carved Gifts for All Occasions," by James E. Seitz is presented. It features wood-carved gifts for parents and grandparents on holidays meant to give them special recognition. It says that gifts for these occasions should be both practical and functional such bowls and trays, back scratchers and letter openers. It gives tips on how to carve these items such as using a goose-neck scraper for smoothing a gouged cavity and a work-holding jig for gouging bowls and trays.

Chapter 4 of the book "Carved Gifts for All Occasions," by James E. Seitz is presented. It features several wood-carved walking sticks that may be given as wedding anniversary gifts and describes unique ways of executing the different illustrated designs. Some suggestions include scroll sawing to remove wood from internal areas, putting low-relief carvings at a spot where one grips a stick and using the back carving methodology as a unique way of decorating walking sticks.

Chapter 1 of the book "Carved Gifts for All Occasions," by James E. Seitz is presented. It gives a basic knowledge on how to make gifts out of wood including how to sketch a design, the importance of using wood that will cut cleanly and the types of tools that may be useful in making these items. It also discusses important safety practices in addition to an elementary knowledge of woodworking.

Chapter 52 of the book "Wilfrid Cumbermede" is presented. It explores the fate of Lilith, the mare owned by Wilfrid Cumbermede, which was put on sale by Mr. Osborne at a fair and was bought by Geoffrey Brotherton. It narrates that Lilith was given to Mary Osborne as a present from Cumbermede but the mare met some misfortune and was sold to the enemy of Cumbermede.

Chapter 27 of the book "North and South," by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell is presented. It explores the death of Bessy Higgins, the sick girl whom Margaret Hale often visited. It highlights the act of Mr. John Thornton in buying a basket of fruits for Mrs. Hale, which he did to serve as doing kindness to Mr. Hale as a defiance for Margaret.

Chapter VI of the book "Jack and Jill" is presented. It explores the satisfaction felt by Mrs. Pecq when Jill tries to taste the prepared meals, which is considered an unusual action since Jill's accident. Furthermore, it highlights the revelation of Mrs. Minot on the surprise Christmas gift designed for Jack and Jill, which is the transformation of their ward into a garden-like room.

Chapter 6 of the book "Run to Earth: A Novel," by M. E. Braddon is presented. Selling all his commissions, Reginald Eversleigh got rich for the time being and stayed with his friend and young surgeon Victor Carrington. Meanwhile, Sir Oswald Eversleigh's visits to the ballad singer Honoria Milford's residence at "The Beeches" have become more and more frequent. He brought along with costly gifts for Milford.

A letter is presented about the gratitude of Pamela to Lady Davers for her ever-valued present.

Chapter 8 of the book "The Life of Marie Antoinette, Queen of France" is presented. It explores the correspondence of Antoinette to Maria Theresa. It narrates how the King and Antoinette renounce the Gifts of Le Joyeux Avenement and La Ceinture de la Reine. It presents how she got the pardon of the Duc de Choiseul.

Chapter XLII of the book "Lander's Travels: The Travels of Richard Lander into the Interior of Africa" is presented. It mentions how the explorers presented their gifts to King Boy and cites how their pilot companion betrayed them. It also elucidates the hostile motions of the natives due to betrayal and mentions how they encountered their fateful adventure at the Passage to Fernando Po.

Chapter XXXVI of the book "THE VIRGINIAN: A Horseman Of the Plains," by Owen Wister is presented. It highlights the couple's first bridal camp at an island which the Virginian chose. It mentions that the Virginian had so many visits to the island. It describes the couple's journey together and what transpired at the island. It narrates their return to Bennington from the island and mentions Judge Henry's wedding present to them.

Chapter XXIV of the book "Long Live the King," by Mary Roberts Rinehart is presented. It highlights the tenth birthday of Crown Prince Ferdinand William Otto of Livonia. It relates his experiences during the day, from waking at dawn to attend a service in the chapel and a solemn function at the Court. It cites that he received a fig lady, wrapped in paper, a gift from Nikky. It narrates the conversation of the Prince and his grandfather, the king who told him to look at his father's picture.

Chapter 6 of the book "Little Women" is presented. The girls spend much time at old Lawrence Laurence's home. Beth plays wonderful music for all of them to hear. In gratitude for old Lawrence's generosity, Beth makes him a pair of slippers. Mr. Laurence likewise gives Beth a small piano which once belonged to his deceased granddaughter because he was touched by Beth's sincerity. From this point on Beth and old Lawrence shared a special bond.

Chapter 2 of the book "Little Women" is presented. The girls wake early on Christmas morning and discover that their mother has placed a different colored book under each of their pillows. They offered breakfast to another family in need down the street for some charities. The girls give Marmee her gifts and perform a play, Operatic Tradegy. The girls were surprised when they learn that old Mr. Laurence has provided them with ice cream, bonbons, and flowers at dinner.

Part I, Chapter I of Book II of "The Philosophy of the Plays of Shakspere Unfolded" is presented. It explores the retinue of the sovereignty which was working in disguise and laying the foundations of the throne in the thoughts of men which could replace old principalities and powers as well as the political dominions. It highlights the views of the creative genius that making up in the splendour of its gifts for the poverty of exterior conditions.

Chapter 3 of the book "Investors in Your Backyard: How to Raise Business Capital From the People You Know," by Asheesh Advani is presented. It discusses basic requirements for setting up and handling a gift and a loan as sources of private financing. It also discusses the comparative advantages and drawbacks of loans and equity investments.

Chapter 10 of the book "Radio" is presented. The chapter focuses on the ethical aspects concerning radio broadcasting. It explores several ethics frameworks of philosophers which include the golden mean of Aristotle, the categorical imperative of Immanuel Kant and utilitarianism by John Stuart Mills. It discusses how ethical scandals performed by people in the industry such as composite characters and fabrications, disinformation and payola bring negative effects the profession.

Chapter 34 of the book "The Sing-Song Girls of Shanghai" is presented. Little Rouge showed Constance a new shopping list. Benevolence Hong explained to Lotuson, an opium smoker, that it was not right for him to dessert Little Rouge, not at least before the festival. Lotuson went home only to be visited by Little Rouge. But Lotuson did not listen and instead left the room to see Hong who arrived. Lotuson Wang married Constance and Little Rogue was sad and very angry. Little Rouge attended the party where Constance gave her gifts.

A chapter of the book "Seeing Through Africa," by Arthur Dobrin is presented. It explores the double-breaset camel's-hair coat as the most beautiful gift Arthur Dobrin, an author, has received which was given after finishing his six months of active duty in the army. This has been considered as unusual behavior in the family because gift giving is not being practiced.

Kinship relationships are not conceptualised as given. Biological relatedness merely creates the potentiality for kinship qualitatively defined. Consequently, claims to kinship and the quality of the content of relationships with kin are potentially negotiable in the public fora where kinship is performatively constituted through ritual and exchange. Decades of migration mean that those to whom a person is related (walongu) are widely dispersed throughout the country. Beyond the idiomatic kinship that characterises neighbourly sociality, the formalisation of kinship relations and their association with specific locales is now a transient artefact of life-crisis rituals. Kinship is dramatised at events associated with marriage and at funerals, where relationships are displayed by such actions as shaving, marking the faces of the relatives of the deceased with flour, the transaction of token payments and the inheritance of property and names. Participation matters, as ‘evidence of kinship’ (Wilson 1957: 200). Payments at funerals and those that make up the marriage process are transacted in cash and are thus highly divisible among those who can present a claim to receiving a portion of them. The sum of money a person receives is less important than the fact that by receiving it they have a legitimate claim to the relationship which receiving a portion of the payment implies. Actual sums obtained by those at the margins of kinship transactions are so small as to be of little economic significance, even to poor households. The value of relationship, however, cannot be overstated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with Independence and the end of colonial rule the 1960s saw the official end of the missionary era in much of Africa, including Tanzania, and the formal transfer of power to a new generation of African clergy. Not so much in anticipation of this as the perceived need for more priests as their Christian communities expanded the Capuchins had begun to train local men for ordination relatively early. The first priest from within the diocese was ordained in 1948, but it was not until the late 1970s that over 75 per cent of priests working in the diocese were Tanzanian. Prior to 1960 a mere five indigenous clergy had been ordained. Ordinations increased in the 1960s and 1970s, with a further twenty-eight ordinations. In 1988 the staff of the diocese comprised forty-one indigenous priests and nine missionary fathers, not all of whom were in residence. A decade later the diocese had a mere five Capuchin priests, two mission brothers and two mission sisters, as opposed to fifty-eight diocesan priests, four indigenous Capuchin priests, three indigenous brothers and two hundred and fifteen Diocesan sisters of St Francis of Assisi. On the face of it the Church in Mahenge is no longer a missionary church. This is not in fact the case. The diocese remains heavily dependent on external funds and, at least up to the early 1990s, received the bulk of this either from or through the missionary orders which were the agents of evangelisation in the diocese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION The natural context of the Rational and Learned Doctor was scholastic medicine. The term ‘scholastic’ is taken here in a simple sense to mean that which relates to the schools. The schools were the incorporated studia generalia, and within them, the incorporated medical faculty. Scholastic medicine flourished most vigorously from the beginnings of the faculties in the late thirteenth century to the middle of the fourteenth century, when the Black Death arrived. In terms of personalities, it spanned the period from the floreat of Taddeo Alderotti to the death of Gentile da Foligno. This was the high point in the history of rational and learned doctors: their reputation was growing, their numbers were small and they were patronised by popes and monarchs. Instead of breaking down the period into smaller fragments, this chapter presents the story of the scholastic doctor from entry into the studium to his practice of a potentially lucrative trade. BECOMING A RATIONAL AND LEARNED DOCTOR Where to go It was known in the twelfth century that Salerno and Montpellier were good places to go to learn how to be a doctor. Bologna, too; and in the north, the size of the city of Paris gave many opportunities for medical practice, and so was attractive to medical teachers. Indeed, until the middle of the fourteenth century, Bologna, Paris and Montpellier had a virtual monopoly of the teaching of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]