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Over 80 years ago, Otto Warburg discovered the phenomena of aerobic glycolysis, known now as the Warburg effect, whereby cancer cells relies on glycolysis, rather than the more efficient process of oxidative phosphorylation, for ATP production, even when oxygen is available. Recent progress in the field of cancer metabolism documents that alterations of many oncogenes, such as MYC, or tumor suppressor genes are involved in the metabolic switch of cancer cells to aerobic glycolysis. Myc was the first oncogenic transcription factor reported to regulate microRNAs (miRNAs), which are non-coding RNAs of ~22-nucleotides that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Hundreds of miRNAs have been identified in the human genome thus far that are estimated to regulate about 30% of human genes involved in diverse processes including development, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. In this chapter, I will review the characteristics of cancer metabolism and its molecular basis, with an emphasis on the interplay of miRNAs and oncogenes/tumor suppressors in the field. It is hoped that understanding of molecular basis of cancer metabolism, including the involvement of miRNAs, will provide new and powerful strategies to target this deadly disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present techniques for design and formal verification of both safety and liveness of pipelined/superscalar/VLIW processors with built-in mechanisms for soft-error tolerance. The formal verification is done with the highly automatic method of Correspondence Checking by exploiting the property of Positive Equality and efficient translations of the correctness conditions to equivalent Boolean formulas that are evaluated with SAT solvers. Soft errors are caused by radiation and cross talk between devices or wires on the chip, and will become increasingly frequent with the decreasing transistor sizes in future technologies. Soft errors can cause catastrophic failures in safety-critical applications, such as space, avionics, weapons systems, automotive, and medical devices. Thus, the need to design and efficiently formally verify pipelined microprocessors with mechanisms for soft-error tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present new techniques for relative SAT encoding of permutations with constraints, resulting in improved scalability compared to the previous approach by Prestwich, when applied to searching for Hamiltonian cycles. We observe that half of the ordering variables and two-thirds of the transitivity constraints can be eliminated. We exploit minimal enumeration of transitivity, based on 12 triangulation heuristics, and 11 heuristics for selecting the first node in the Hamiltonian cycle. We propose the use of inverse transitivity constraints. We achieve 3 orders of magnitude average speedup on satisfiable random graphs from the phase transition region, 2 orders of magnitude average speedup on unsatisfiable random graphs, and up to 4 orders of magnitude speedup on satisfiable structured graphs from the DIMACS graph coloring instances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper mainly presents an impedance-based technique and also a guided wave method to detect and localize the same incipient damages in structures, respectively. The impedance-based technique utilizes the direct and converse electro-mechanical impedance properties of bonded piezoceramic (PZT) patches which serve as actuator-sensors. The interaction between a PZT and its host structure can be described by using a simple 1-D vibration model. A longitudinal wave is applied to the structure by the special arrangement of the PZT pairs, [1]. The guided wave method needs high-frequency wave propagation for achieving the necessary time and space resolution to detect and localize the incipient damages instead of the electro-impedance obtained by the efficient impedance analyzer. To check the time-of-flight of the wave the damage is localized. Results of several experiments presented show high sensitivity and reliability of the guided wave method, [2]. Based on the electro-impedance based technique and the guided wave method, a large number of experiments are conducted. Additionally, the applications of the wavelet transform to detect incipient damages are also presented by means of several simulated examples. The numerical method requires only the response of the damaged structure. When the suitable wavelet is selected, the ability of wavelet to detect and localize the damages is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]