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CAPEX-U device is a pulse-power apparatus capable to deliver a "short-circuit" discharge current ~ 120 kA in a quarter-period ~ 80 ns. Its characteristic features are direct optical access to both discharge electrodes, and laser triggering of the main spark gap (for exact synchronization of detectors and applications). It is described, how CAPEX-U joint with SHOW device will be used for soft X-ray amplification on nickel-like silver ions (generated by exploding wire in water), and how the pressure at the SHOW axis was measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial application of lasers, particularly in machine-building and in precise instrument- making industry, is constantly expanding due to unique power - and physical and mechanical properties of optical quantum generators and technological processes on their basis [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss experimental data, measuring techniques and interpretation of the electromechanical energy conversions in frozen soils. These conversions clearly depend on the unfrozen liquid state, its content, bulk distribution, initial concentration and ionic composition of the saturating pore solution. For saline frozen sand saturated with solutions of various compositions in the concentration range from 10−4 to 1 molel−1 the collected data on the peculiarities of electroacoustic conversions reflect the presence of the unfrozen liquid phase and changes of its content and state in the wide temperature range from the beginning of freezing to the corresponding eutectic point, and even below it. The established features are the basis of a new physical method to study and control liquid phase changes in frozen soils during freezing and thawing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are currently no methods for propogating hepatitis C virus (HCV) in culture useful for the analysis of viral proteins. Therefore, we have utilized Sindbis virus-based vectors to express and study HCV genes and their products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]