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The Schools Health Education Unit (SHEU) supports and promotes effective health education in primary and secondary schools in the United Kingdom. This book lists the results taken from "The Health Related Behaviour Questionnaire" collected from 29,074 participants (14,757 boys and 14,317 girls) between the ages of 11 and 16, from 171 schools in Scotland and England. The sample population came from requests made by health authorities who promote the use of this particular health questionnaire in their districts' schools. Participants know that their answers will remain anonymous and many of the study's statistical conclusions have proven accurate. The results are presented in a series of tables organized under eight groups: (1) Diet; (2) Doctor and Dentist; (3) Health and Safety; (4) Home; (5) Drugs; (6) Money; (7) Sport; and (8) Social and Personal. For each table, a question from the questionnaire appears at the top with the responses--given in percentages--presented underneath, categorized by age and gender. Each table also features a commentary at the bottom which offers some interpretation of the data. (RJM)

Involving two or more academic subjects, interdisciplinary studies aim to blend together broad perspectives, knowledge, skills, and epistemology in an educational setting. By focusing on topics or questions too broad for a single discipline to cover, these studies strive to draw connections between seemingly different fields. Cases on Interdisciplinary Research Trends in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics: Studies on Urban Classrooms presents research and information on implementing and sustaining interdisciplinary studies in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics for students and classrooms in an urban setting. This collection of research acts as a guide for researchers and professionals interested in improving learning outcomes for their students. Contents include: (1) Interdisciplinary Learning from a Student's Perspective (Marlene Hidalgo); (2) STEM Academic Enrichment and Professional Development Programs for K-12 Urban Students and Teachers (Cecelia Wright Brown and Kevin A. Peters); (3) STEM Learning Communities: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Teaching and Learning (Bernadette Kelley and Lisa McClelland); (4) Reengineering an Introductory Computer Education Course for Undergraduate Students (Farhat J. Lakhavani and April Rupp); (5) Communication, Culture, and Technology: Learning Strategies for the Unteachable (Ray Gallon); (6) Using Second Life to Support Student Teachers' Socio-Reflective Practice: A Mixed-Method Analysis (Melissa Burgess); (7) Virtual Interdisciplinary Experiences for Teachers of Writing: Considerations for Implementation (Christine Rosalia and Laura Baecher); (8) Energizing Interdisciplinarity: Addressing Army Energy Use through Curricular Reform at West Point (Bruce Keith); (9) Integrated Projects and the Development of Interdisciplinary Problem-Solving Strategies (Paul C. King); (10) Enhancing Diversity in STEM Interdisciplinary Learning (Reginald A. Blake and Janet Liou-Mark); (11) Development of Interdisciplinary Problem-Solving Strategies through Games and Computer Simulations (Candido Cabo and Reneta D. Lansiquot); (12) Integration of Civic Engagement of Pedagogies in the STEM Disciplines (Gwen Cohen Brown and Laina Karthikeyan); and (13) All Hands on Deck: Using Case Studies to Support Institutional Change (Cinda P. Scott, Bonne August, and Constanza Eggers-Pierola).

Learning disability is a classification that includes several disorders in which a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner. Depending on the type and severity of the disability, interventions may be used to help the individual learn strategies that will foster future success. Some interventions can be quite simplistic, while others are intricate and complex. This book deserves a wide audience; it will be beneficial not only for teachers and parents struggling with attachment or behavior issues, but it will also benefit health care professionals and therapists working directly with special needs such as sensory integration dysfunction. Contents include: (1) Language Disabilities: Myths and Misconceptions vs. Reality (George S. Mouzakitis); (2) Achievement Gaps: Learning Disabilities, Community Capital, and School Composition (Bob Algozzine, Erik Porfeli, Chuang Wang, Ann McColl and Robert Audette); (3) Dyslexia in Hong Kong: Challenges and Opportunities (Chi-man Tsui, Cecilia W. P. Li-Tsang and Pui Yee Grace Lung); (4) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Writing Learning Disabilities (Celestino Rodriguez, Paloma Gonzalez-Castro, Rebeca Cerezo and David Alvarez); (5) Reading and Writing Achievement Tests for Assessing Orthographical and Phonological Impairments of Japanese Children with Developmental Disorders (Kiyomi Yatabe, Takaaki Goto, Katsumi Watanabe, Makiko Kaga and Masumi Inagaki); (6) Interventions in Specific Learning Disabilities Through Families (Patricia Robledo-Ramon and Jesus-Nicasio Garcia-Sanchez); (7) Preventing Children's Writing Difficulties Through Specific Intervention in the Home (Patricia Robledo-Ramon and Jesus-Nicasio Garcia-Sanchez); (8) The Family Environment of Students with Learning Disabilities and ADHD (Patricia Robledo-Ramon and Jesus-Nicasio Garcia-Sanchez); (9) Meeting the Needs of Twice-Exceptional Children in the Science Classroom (Manabu Sumida); (10) The Quality of Teaching Determines Students' Achiee in Writing (Deilis Ivonne Pacheco Sanz and Jesus-Nicasio Garcia-Sanchez); (11) Diagnosis of Teachers' Practice in the Teaching of Written Composition (Deilis Ivonne Pacheco Sanz and Jesus-Nicasio Garcia-Sanchez); (12) Motor Skill Performance of Children with Sensor Impairments (Danijela Ilic-Stosovic and Snezana Nikolic); (13) Could Motor Development Be an Emergent Property of Vestibular Stimulation and Primary Reflex Inhibition? A Tentative Approach to Sensorimotor Therapy (Mats Niklasson); (14) Contributions of an Augmented Reality Musical System for the Stimulation of Motor Skills in Music Therapy Sessions (Ana Grasielle Dionisio Cor Irene Karaguilla Ficheman, Marilena do Nascimento and Roseli de Deus Lopes); (15) Deafness-Specific Tactic Knowledge: A New Understanding of Mental Health, and Social and Professional Participation (Paul G. Jacobs); (16) Environmental Chemical Substances in Relation to Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review (Hideko Sone, Tin-Tin Win-Shwe, Xian-Yang Qin, Hiromi Akanuma and Satoshi Imanishi); and (17) Disability and Oral Health (Jenny Gallagher and Sasha Scambler).

Noting that the health component of child care should be planned to respond to the developmental patterns of young children, this manual was developed as a reference and resource guide for program directors and teachers of young children and can be used as a textbook for adult learners. The manual, based on national standards and reviewed by health and early childhood professionals, describes currently accepted standards for health policies and practices in early childhood programs. Following an introductory chapter, the chapter topics are: (1) preventing infection; (2) preventing injuries; (3) emergencies and injuries; (4) promoting health with good nutrition; (5) promoting health through oral health, mental health, and health education; (5) clinical health services for children; (6) staff and consultants for safe and healthy child care; (7) facility design and support services for safe and healthy child care; (9) managing illness; and (10) special issues, focusing on inclusion of children with special needs and child abuse and neglect. Each chapter begins with a delineation of major concepts related to the chapter topic, contains self-assessment instruments as appropriate, and concludes with suggested activities. The guide's four appendices provide a list of national resources for health and safety information; a list of fact sheets available from ECELS; a list of children's picture books about health, nutrition, and safety; and a health and safety checklist. (KB)

This is a collection of highlights from the documentary history "Children and Youth in America" (prepared by the Harvard School of Public Health under the auspices of the American Public Health Association). Brief histories of developments in child health care are given, such as treatment of children's diseases, national and state health programs, prenatal care, founding of the U.S. Children's Bureau, dental care, care for handicapped children, nutrition, effects of poverty, legislation and present public health concerns. The publication contains illustrations and historical photographs. (MS)

The self-instructional course in patient education has been prepared for the practicing dentist; however, dental hygiene and dental assisting students also may find the information useful. Section 1 explores steps within the educational process and relationships to learning factors, individual needs, motivation, goal orientation, psychological characteristics, educational principles, and self-evaluation techniques. Section 2 deals with factors relating to the patient's capacity to learn such as: individual differences and backgrounds, attitudes towards learning, and emotional atmosphere. (EA)

Children spend more time in school than anywhere else with the exception of home. This bulletin provides information to help support healthy and productive school environments for our nation's school children. It contains contributions from American Medical Journals, compiled from the year July, 1914 through July 1915. The following contents are included: (1) A definite plan for a system of "health supervision" of school children in Ohio (P. Bruce Brockway); (2) Medical inspection of open-air schools (John Aikman); (3) County health organization in the United States (Louis I. Dublin); (4) General disinfectants (Jour. Am. Med. Association); (5) Prevention of schoolroom disease and dust (C. Ward Crampton); (6) Coughs (Jour. Am. Med. Association); (7) Coughs (Robert M. Jones); (8) Recurrent bronchitis in children (Charles G. Kerley); (9) Prophylaxis of diphtheria in schools; (10) Transmission of measles (Editorial N. Y. Med. Journal); (11) Manner of spread and prevention of contact in scarlet fever (Edwin H. Place); (12) Antityphoid vaccination (Maj. E. R. Whitmore); (13) Infantile paralysis (Simon Flexner); (14) Pellagra in children (Gaston J. Greif); (15) The Thompson-McFadden pellagra commission (Siler, Garrison, and MacNeal); (16) Trachoma (John Rurah); (17) Sanitation of swimming pools (Wallace A. Mannheimer); (18) Vulvovaginitis and school toilets (Richard M. Smith); (19) The cutaneous tuberculin test in children of nontuberculous parentage (Maurice Fishherg); (20) Examination of the chest in children (Richard M. Smith and Clifford D. Sweet); (21) The problem of infection in tuberculous families (John B. Hawes, 2d); (22) The sustained interest in the problem of tuberculosis (Editorial Jour. Am. Med. Association); (23) Inflammatory pathology of the tonsil (Byrd C. Willis); (24) The relation of tonsils and adenoids to the development of the child (D. Braden Kyle); (25) The involution of the nasopharynx, and its clinical importance (W. Sohier Bryant); (26) Mouth Infection as a source of systemic disease (C. H. Mayo); (27) The relation of the lymphoid tissue in the upper respiratory tract to the voice (G. Hudson Makuen); (28) Tonsil operations (George B. Wood); (29) The normal function of the child denture in its relation to development of the jaws and other facial bones and the preservation of the teeth (H. E. Kelsey); (30) Instructions for the home care of the mouth (Alfred C. Pones); (31) Popular education in mouth, hygiene through organized publicity (M. Jermain Jones); (32) International standard for testing vision and standardizing other visual tests (Edward Jackson); (33) Causes and cost of blindness (A. B. Norton); (34) How eyestrain is caused by improper lighting (Walter B. Lancaster); (35) Prevention of myopia (Howard P. Hansell); (36) The necessity for early treatment of squint (George B. Geeley); (37) A self-recording device for testing the color sense (Ellis Jennings); (38) A plea for cooperation of physicians to prevent deafness (C. R. Dufour); (39) Interesting findings in the examinations of the ears of institutional children (Samuel K. Frost); (40) Growth in Stature (Robert B. Bean); (41) The blood-ptosis test and its use in experimental work in hygiene (C. Ward Crampton); (42) Blood pressure in children (Floyd M. Crandall); (43) Heart Disease and Growth (Floyd M. Crandall); (44) Prognosis and treatment of acquired valvular and acquired pericardial murmurs (Editorial in Pediatrics); (45) The effects of exercise on the normal and pathological heart based upon the study of one hundred cases (Charles S. Williamson); (46) Exercise (H.R.M. Landis); (47) The medical aspects of athletics (Robert E. Coughlin); (48) High-school athletics (Editorial Jour. Am. Med. Association); (49) Faulty habits of posture (Eliza M. Mosher); (50) Neglected lateral curvature (Max Strunsky); (51) Prevention of deformities (Cornell, Taylor, Wilson, and others); (52) Effect of improper shoes (Dexter D. Ashley); (53) The education of crippled children (Gwilym G. Davis); (54) Variability in the results of intelligence tests (D.D.V. Stuart, Jr.); (55) Psychoanalysis considered as a phase of education (James J. Putnam, and others); (56) Tics (Meyer Solomon); (57) The present conception of chorea (Israel Strauss and others ); (58) The voice sign in chorea (Walter B. Swift); (59) The psychopathic child (Frederick J. Farrell); (60) The necessity for parental cooperation in the examination of mental, defectives (J. T. Krause); (61) The mentally defective as cases in the courts of New York, City (Max G. Schlapp, and Letta S. Hollingworth); (62) A summary of nervous and mental findings in feeble-minded children (J. J. Mendelshon); (63) Health aspects of school lunches (Editorial in Boston Med. & Surg. Journal); (64) Constipation in childhood (J.P.C. Griffith); (65) Water as a gastric stimulant (Editorial in Jour. Am. Med. Association); (66) Third Progress Report of the committee on standard methods for the examination of air; (67) Tests of ventilating plants (Frederick Bass); (68) The experimental methods of the New York State commission on ventilation (Frederick S. Lee); (69) The experimental plant of the New York State commission on ventilation (C.E.A. Winslow); (70) On the action of temperature and humidity on the organism (Frederic S. Lee and Ernest L. Scott); (71) Immoderate smoking and the cardio-vascular system (Editorial in N. Y. Med. Record); and (72) Antispitting signs and the control of expectoration (Adolph Gehrmann). [Best copy available has been provided.]

Medical journals are not often accessible to students and practitioners of education, and therefore the wealth of material in these journals regarding the health of school children is mainly lost to the educational world. The present bulletin is the result of a desire to put this material at the disposal of superintendents, principals, professors, students in normal schools and colleges, and even medical inspectors who may not have access to all the journals here represented. This bulletin contains the summaries of the best articles on the subject of children's health. The purpose has been to select, from the many articles studied, paragraphs of those articles only that add to the literature of school hygiene new data, new points of view, or noteworthy statements of current opinion. Some of the selections are not strictly within the limits of school hygiene, but are suggestive for the general health propaganda of the schools. The number of articles selected on the different subjects corresponds fairly to the proportion of varied and useful material available, some phases of school hygiene having been discussed little or not at all in the medical journals. No articles were chosen if they were known to have appeared also in educational journals, State health bulletins, or reports of two recent international congresses (Hygiene and Demography, Washington, 1912, and School Hygiene, Buffalo, 1913), as this material is widely accessible to students of education. Individual sections contain footnotes. An index is included. [Best copy available has been provided.]

Young people are facing greater risks to their current and future health and social development, as shown by involvement of younger and younger children in risk-taking behaviors. This volume emphasizes developmentally and contextually appropriate prevention service delivery models and identifies state-of-the-art, empirically based strategies to strengthen the environments in which children develop. The nine chapters review ways to strengthen the family, child-care systems, early childhood education, school-based health and mental health services, and community-based mental health programming. The importance of theory-guided evaluation to clarify the process of program implementation is explored, and strategies are highlighted for disseminating programs effectively. The chapters are: (1) "Introduction and Overview: Prevention Services--From Optimistic Promise to Widespread, Effective Practice" (Weissberg, Kuster, and Gullotta); (2) "Policy Efforts To Enhance Child and Family Life: Goals for 2010" (Zigler and Finn-Stevenson); (3) "Defining and Implementing School Readiness: Challenges for Families, Early Care and Education, and Schools" (Kagan and Neuman); (4) "Schools and the Enhancement of Children's Wellness: Some Opportunities and Some Limiting Factors" (Cowen); (5) "Mental Health Services for Children and Adolescents" (Rotheram-Borus); (6) "Improving Access to Health Care: School-Based Health Centers" (Dowden, and others); (7) "Evaluation of Prevention Programs for Children" (Valente and Dodge); (8) "Making Prevention Work" (Gottfredson, and others); and (9)"Reinterpreting Dissemination of Prevention Programs as Widespread Implementation with Effectiveness and Fidelity" (Elias). (SD)

Intended for educators needing information on common medical disorders in the school setting, this book stresses the role of the teacher in referral and diagnosis and offers 22 chapters by experts in their various fields. Chapter titles and authors are: (1) "The Crucial Role of the Teacher" (Peter J. Valletutti); (2) "Prevention of Chronic Disabilities and Diseases" (Robert H. A. Haslam); (3) "What Every Teacher Should Know about Infectious Diseases" (Ronald Gold); (4) "Growth, Development, and Endocrine Disorders" (Robert G. McArthur and Denis Daneman); (5) "The Student with Diabetes Mellitus" (Denis Daneman and Marcia Frank); (6) "Chronic Illness in Children" (William Feldman); (7) "The Role of Genetic Mechanisms in Childhood Disabilities" (Thaddeus E. Kelly); (8) "Common Visual Problems in the Classroom" (Alex V. Levin); (9) "Hearing Disorders in the Classroom" (Vicky Papaioannou); (10) "Communication Disorders Associated with Medical Problems" (Mary Anne Witzel); (11) "Childhood Dental Disorders" (David J. Kenny); (12) "Orthopedic Problems and Sports Injuries in Children" (James Harder); (13) "Common Neurological Disorders in Children" (Robert H. A. Haslam); (14) "Cerebral Palsy and Associated Dysfunction" (Mary O. Leppert and Arnold J. Capute); (15) "Attention Deficit Disorder" (Joel E. Fagan); (16) "Mental Retardation" (Gisela Negrin and Arnold J. Capute); (17) "Emotional and Behavioral Problems in School Children" (Philip Barker); (18) "Nutritional Status, School Performance, and School Nutrition Programs" (David M. Paige); (19) "Adolescent Eating Disorders" (Debra K. Katzman); (20) "Teacher Awareness of Drug and Substance Abuse" (Shinya Ito and Gideon Koren); (21) "Sexual Development, Function, and Consequences" (George D. Carson and Sheila L. Carson); (22) "Sexually Transmitted Diseases" (Susan King); and (23) "Child Abuse" (Marcellina Mian). A glossary and subject index complete the volume. (Individual chapters contain references.) (DB)

This study examined the status of dental education and oral health in the U.S.; considered future scientific, demographic, economic, organizational, and other developments that may affect oral health status and the system for educating dentists and other dental personnel; developed a statement of how, over the next 25 years, oral health and oral health services should be improved; identified short-term and long-term implications for dental education and public policy; described strategies that will help dental education, research, and practice improve oral health; and considered ways in which each dental school can better relate to the mission of its university and the community at large. The study was overseen by an 18-member committee. Information was collected via site visits to dental schools, liaison panels, a mail survey of all deans of dental schools, a telephone survey of university presidents and chancellors, interviews with leaders of major dental organizations, and a public hearing with oral or written testimony from nearly 55 groups. Twenty-two recommendations are offered in the areas of oral health status and services, mission of education, mission of research, mission of patient care, the dental school in the university, accreditation and licensure, and the dental work force. Appendixes list members of liaison panels, organizations submitting testimony, commissioned papers and their authors, and committee member biographies. (Contains approximately 375 references.) (JDD)

This report presents findings of a George Washington University Center for Health Policy Research (CHPR) multi-year project to conduct analytical studies on the financing, delivery, and cost effectiveness of child health supervision services. Against a backdrop of decline in private sector coverage for children, a growing number of children living in poverty, and major health care reform efforts, the goal of the CHPR project was to identify and examine health systems problems in three major areas: access and financing, organization and delivery, and cost and effectiveness. The resulting studies are presented as follows: (1) "An Overview of Health Insurance Coverage and Access to Child Health Supervision Services" (Michele R. Solloway); (2) "Private Health Insurance Coverage of Preventive Benefits for Children" (Margaret A. McManus and Karen Hertz); (3) "A 20-Year Retrospective of Child Health Supervision" (Jerome A. Paulson and Michelle R. Solloway); (4) "Ensuring Adequate Health Care Benefits for Children and Adolescents" (Peter P. Budetti and Claire Feinson); (5) "Informing State Medicaid Providers about EPSDT [Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment Program] (Michele R. Solloway and Others); (6) "Barriers to Full Participation in EPSDT and Possible Strategies for the Maternal and Child Health Bureau" (Michele R. Solloway); (7) "Medical Managed Care: A Briefing Book on Issues for Children and Adolescents) Harriette B. Fox and Margaret A. McManus); (8) "State Implementation of OBRA '89 EPSDT Amendments within Medicaid Managed Care Arrangements" (Hariette B. Fox and Lori Wicks); (9) "Population and Selective (High Risk) Approaches to Prevention in Well-Child Care" (Barbara Starfield and Patrick Vivier); (10) "Estimating Costs and Savings from Preventive Child Health Proposals" (Donald N. Muse); (11) "The Role of Outcomes, Effectiveness, and Cost-Effectiveness Research in Child Health Supervision" (Peter P. Budetti and others); (12) "Cross-National Comparisons of Well-Child Supervision" (Barbara Starfield and Jennifer Harlow); (13) "Environmental Health and Child Health Supervision: A Case Study of Childhood Lead Poisoning" (Bradley R. Pine and others); (14) "Pediatric Oral Health" (Arthur Nowak and others); (15) "Adolescent Preventive Mental Health Services" (Anne L. Ducey and Michelle R. Solloway); and (16) "Health Supervision and School Health Services for Children" (Michelle R. Solloway and others). Many of the studies include tables and appendices. (HTH)

This report describes the results of a survey on toothbrushing behavior and other health-related behaviors in young people. The survey instrument for this study gathered information about students' lifestyle and included a wide range of social, behavioral, and lifestyle variables. The survey encompassed 7,770 schoolchildren aged 14-15, from 131 secondary schools throughout England. The report is divided into four sections: an introduction which discusses survey methodology and the questionnaire; two sections that examine toothbrushing habits and toothbrushing motivation broken down by demographic variation, lifestyles, and dental health behavior; and a conclusion that summarizes the results and offers recommendations to improve toothbrushing. Results revealed a marked gender difference in brushing frequency, with females brushing more frequently than males. In general, better brushing practices were associated with higher self-esteem, Southerners, readers of reputable newspapers, and town dwellers. Students with higher self-esteem and more controlling attitudes seemed to brush for positive aesthetic reasons rather than for disease prevention. Those who brushed their teeth only once a day appeared more motivated by socially instrumental reasons, such as liking fresh breath. Some systematic differences in motivation for toothbrushing were observed, although contradictory tendencies appeared when attempts were made to generalize about particular reasons for toothbrushing. (RJM)

This session of hearings began with an opening statement by Senator Edward M. Kennedy. Such witnesses as the following then gave testimony: Dr. William E. Conner, co-chairman, Panel on Nutrition and Health, University of Iowa; A. Yanechik, Arizona Department of Health Services; Dr. J. Farquhar, Stanford University Medical Center; Dr. E. Bierman, University of Washington; Dr. R. Arky, American Diabetes Association; Dr. W. Kirkendall, Department of Medicine, University of Texas at Houston; Dr. F. Iber, Medical School , University of Maryland; Dr. C. Lieber, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine; and others. Also included is the "Report of the Panel on Nutrition and Health." This report is organized into 16 parts, dealing with the following topics: the role of nutritional factors in coronary heart disease; nutrition and diabetes mellitus; nutrition and hypertension; nutrition in liver disease; nutrition in moderate alcohol drinkers; nutrition in alcoholism; nutrition and cholesterol gallstone formation; nutrition and oral health; problems and needs related to anemia; nutrition and reproduction and family planning; nutrition and health of infants and children; section on growth and development; nutrition and aging; nutrition and cancer; report of the subsection on obesity and disease; and, report of the subpanel of health care systems. (Author/JM)

The testimony of such witnesses as the following before the Panel on Nutrition and Health of the Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs is included: Dr. R. Podell, associate director, Family Practice Program, New Jersey; Dr. G. Griedman, pediatrician, University of Arizona Medical School; Dr. Howard Eder, Professor of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Dr. A. Krosnick, coordinator, Diabetes Program, New Jersey Depart. of Health; Dr. M. Simonson, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; Dr. R. Pollack, chairman, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Temple University School of Dentistry; Dr. Harkins, director, Scientific Affairs, Grocery Manufacturers of America; Dr. M. Henry, consultant, Office of Programing and Development, California State Department of Education; Dr. R. Lindhal, past president, American Society of Dentistry for Children; Ms. Derelian, nutrition consultant, California Dietetic Association; Dr. D. Bal, University College of Medicine, Tucson, Ariz.; Dr. I. Stewart, chairman, Department of Food Science and Management, Pratt Institute; N. McCrensky, nutrition consultant, Massachusetts Dietetic Association. An "Additional Information" section includes statements submitted by witnesses, and letters, articles, and publications pertaining to their testimony. (JM)

By considering daily health needs, safety, emotional and social health, sexuality, health services and products, disease prevention, and drug use, students using this book will have the opportunity to examine some ways of providing for their physical needs and will become aware of their health responsibilities to themselves and the outside world. In an effort to increase self-knowledge and understanding of human behavior, this book concentrates on certain aspects of growth and health: emotions, personality, social behavior, sexual development, sexual consideration and responsibility, the difficulties and rewards of having friends, and the constant adjustments required to maintain worthwhile relations with other people. It is suggested that teachers use this book over the first two years of secondary school in Australia (junior high in the U.S.). In the first year of the course teachers should select some content relevant to the needs and interests of students from the first stage of each chapter. The concepts established in each of the subjects areas should be reinforced and extended during the second year of the course by using material from the second stage of each chapter and any other material not used in the first year. A guide to what might be taught in each year is provided. Illustrations, diagrams, and suggested activities are included in each chapter. (MM)

This four-part book is a compendium of current dietary information and is designed primarily as a reference tool for anyone interested in the field of nutrition. The book's first three parts each contain papers generated from nutrition-related research. Part 1, "Dietary Directions in the 1980s," begins by discussing efforts of major governmental groups to develop a national nutritional policy. Papers on nutritive values, energy requirements, vitamins, minerals and elements, salts, fibers, and sweeteners are also included. Part 2, "Nutrition from Conception through Adolescence," contains papers on the topics of pregnancy and lactation, infancy, immunology, childhood, and adolescence. "Adulthood into the Golden Years," the third section, has papers about athletic needs, cancer, cardiovascular system, dental caries, diabetes, medical interactions, mental health, and geriatric needs. Part 4 lists resources for further information, including: (1) libraries specializing in agriculture, food, and nutrition volumes; (2) food and nutrition related associations in the United States; (3) colleges and universities offering accredited courses in agriculture, food, and nutrition; (4) grant support programs in food science, agriculture, and nutrition; (5) magazines covering food and nutrition; (6) publishing opportunities in food and nutrition; and (7) book publishers of food and nutrition. (CJ)

A handbook of health issues for college students is presented. Prevention is the keynote, stressing the importance of staying healthy and recovering quickly. Information is organized in a question-and-answer format. The 12 chapters are as follows: nutrition: food as fuel (e.g. acne and diet and daily caloric requirements); exercise: fine-tuning the ultimate machine (e.g. physical fitness and preventing injuries); help yourself: how to cope with some common medical problems (e.g. dandruff and warts); dental health (e.g. cavities and wisdom teeth); emergency: what to do before you can reach a doctor (e.g. the first aid kit and blood loss); infectious disease: what to do when infection strikes (e.g. vaccinations and bronchitis); sexual health: the challenge of being mature (e.g. AIDS and birth control methods); emotional well-being: the key to a happy and healthy life (e.g. managing stress and depression); eating disorders: weight control out of control (e.g. dieting and where to find help); alcohol and other drugs (e.g. marijuana and abuse and addiction); environmental health hazards (e.g. air pollution and X rays); and an ounce of prevention (e.g. bicycle riding and cancer prevention). An appendix provides a series of charts on staying healthy. A glossary is provided. Contains approximately 130 references. (SM)

ABSTRACT This chapter discusses time trends and related patterns in the health index that emerge across sites arranged by categories, such as climate, settlement size, and topography. A substantial decline in the index occurred in the millennia before the arrival of Columbus. The good health of the least complex societies did not occur because the Western Hemisphere was a biological Garden of Eden, an epidemiological paradise substantially free of pathogens so detrimental to health in other parts of the world: pre–Columbian populations were among the healthiest and the least healthy in our sample. While pre–Columbian natives may have lived in a disease environment substantially different from that in other parts of the globe, the original inhabitants also brought with them, or evolved with, enough pathogens to create chronic conditions of ill health under conditions of systematic agriculture and urban living. Our research suggests that life became “nasty, brutish and short” for the typical person with the rise of agriculture, government, and urbanization. The transition may have been driven by several factors, including resource depletion, efforts by leaders to redistribute wealth and power, and a voluntary desire to live with material goods and lifestyle provided by urban areas. This project reveals a rich and varied history of health in the Western Hemisphere, as indicated by substantial variation in the health index of those who lived during the past several millennia. Although none of these populations were healthy by standards of the middle or late twentieth century, they were widely arrayed on the health index and its components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]