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A full analysis of the posttranslational modifications that a given protein undergoes during transit through the secretory pathway may, in some cases, only be performed by analysis of the natural protein, expressed in its normal tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large size, resilience, and high translational capacity of the fullgrown Xenopus oocyte has made it a widely used system for the translation of microinjected natural and synthetic mRNAs. The injected and endogenous mRNAs compete for the oocyte translational machinery in a process that normally results in the translation of at least a fraction of the injected mRNA and in a concomitant decrease in the synthesis of endogenous proteins (1). The injected oocytes can survive in vitro for long periods in simple salt media, and a single oocyte can synthesize nanogram amounts of foreign protein/hour, This often allows the analysis to be performed on the material obtained from one or few oocytes. Additionally, the heterologous polypeptides can be subjected to various and posttranslational processing steps (including glycosylation, subunit assembly, movement along the secretory pathway, proteolytic processing, phosphorylation, acetylation, hydroxylation, amidation) many of which do not occur in the standard cell-free translation systems. Because of these and other characteristics, Xenopus oocytes have been successfully used in situations when more than the mere translation of the mRNA was required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During pregnancy, hormonally mediated changes in blood volume, red cell mass, and heart rate result in a 50% increase in intravascular volume and cardiac output, peaking during the second trimester and remaining constant through the remainder of the pregnancy (1). Gestational hormones, circulating prostaglandins, and the low-resistance vascular bed in the placenta result in concomitant decreases in peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure. During labor and delivery, pain and uterine contractions result in additional increases in cardiac output and blood pressure. Immediately following delivery, relief of caval compression and autotransfusion from the emptied and contracted uterus produce a further increase in cardiac output. The hemodynamic changes of pregnancy persist for at least several days postpartum and may not fully resolve until the sixth postpartum month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software systems are becoming more open, distributed, pervasive, and connected. In such systems, the relationships between loosely-coupled application elements become non-deterministic. Coordination can be viewed as a way of making such loosely coupled systems more adaptable. In this paper we show how coordination-systems, which are analogous to nervous systems, can be defined independently from the functional systems they regulate. Such coordination systems are a network of organisers and contracts. We show how the contracts that make up the coordination-system can be used to monitor, regulate and configure the interactions between clusters of software entities called roles. Management and functional levels of contracts are defined. Management contracts regulate the flow of control through the roles. Functional contracts allow the specification of performance conditions. These contracts bind clusters of roles into self-managed composites — each composite with its own organiser role. The organiser roles can control, create, abrogate and reassign contracts. Adaptive systems are built from a recursive structure of such self-managed composites. The network of organiser roles and the contracts they control constitute a coordination-system that is a separate concern to the functional system. Association aspects are suggested as a mechanism to implement such coordination-systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A full analysis of the post-translational modifications that a given protein undergoes during transit through the secretory pathway may, in some cases, only be performed by analysis of the natural protein, expressed in its normal tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an excerpt from "Critical Reflections on the old English dramatick writers," seen in the book "Prose on Several Occasions," by George Colman.

The chapter presents a reprint of the literary criticism essay "Sacrifice by the authors of the exceptionable parts of their works: a vision," by George Colman in the September 15, 1753 issue of the periodical "Adventurer." The author discusses the role of William Shakespeare in relation to a great deal of other established classical writers such as Virgil, Horace, and Geoffrey Chaucer.

Chapter 171 is presented of the volume on English Renaissance dramatist, poet and actor Ben Jonson from "The Critical Heritage Series." Several excerpts and reprints are provided about Jonson's play "Epicoene." A reprint is given of the prologue from the published version of dramatist George Colman's version of his adaptation "Epicoene: or, the Silent Woman. A Comedy, Written by Ben Jonson. As it is Acted in the Theatre Royal in Drury-Lane. With Alterations."

Chapter 19 of the book "Massinger: The Critical Heritage," by Martin Garrett, is provided. In it the author presents an excerpt from the book "The Dramatic Works of Philip Massinger," by George Colman.

In vitro translation systems are extremely important tools for studying protein biosynthesis. These systems have been most useful in revealing the intracellular sites of synthesis of numerous proteins, the nature of cotranslational proteolytic cleavage events, the process of core glycosylation, and the mechanisms underlying the interaction of nascent polypeptides with organelles (such as mitochondria) and with membrane vesicles (rough microsomes, RM) derived from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) (see Blobel, 1980 1; Sabatini et al., 1982, 9 for reviews). When programmed with the total mRNA from an organ, translation systems will synthesize virtually all the encoded polypeptides, and so can also be useful in identifying antigenically-related proteins. Although precipitating antibodies to the proteins under study have in the past been required for these analyses, it is now possible to synthesize from cloned cDNAs large quantities of individual mRNAs, that, when used to program an in vitro translation system, yield a single polypeptide that can be directly studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An excerpt from George Colman's "Prose on Several Occasions," on Samuel Johnson's "The Dramatick Works of William Shakespeare," first published in the October 10-15, 1765, "St. James's Chronicle," is reprinted in "Samuel Johnson," edited by James T. Boulton.

Chapter 65 of the book "Laurence Sterne: The Critical Heritage" is presented. This chapter features an excerpt from the article "The Gentleman," George Colman, that was originally published in the July 12, 1775 issue of "London Packet," and reprinted from the book "Prose on Several Occasions"

The urban crisis of the 1960s appears to be abating, at least in some of the major central cities, despite the ravages of the 1974–1975 recession. Indicators of this are the gradually narrowing income gap between rich and poor and fewer people living in poverty. There are no clear‐cut answers to America's urban problems, and it is hard to tell which officials wear the "white" or "black" hats. Racial tensions are easing, but apathy is dangerous. In the Northeast and Midwest, large central cities are often in serious fiscal, economic, and social straits. Decentralization policies are beneficial, and there is a growing feeling that decisions must be made locally; this applies to all levels of government from federal to county. Citizen action can insure that the system is responsive. A people‐oriented approach to urban problems is more productive than is a place‐oriented approach. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]