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This chapter provides a framework for counseling young adult women with Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS). It discusses the populations most affected by EDNOS and considers diagnostic criteria, assessment guidelines, and case conceptualization. The chapter also discusses the counseling responses for prevention, early intervention, and treatment. The framework presented here is based on the DSM-IV-TR's criterion-referenced approach to the categorical diagnosis of eating disorders (EDs). The approaches and interventions highlighted in the chapter include today's documented best mental health practices and evidence-based counseling recommendations. Aspects of the framework are illustrated by clinical snapshots drawn from the individual experiences of Constance Rhodes, who has written extensively about her own recovery from a subclinical eating disorder. The chapter describes cognitive behavior therapy for eating disorders (CBT-E) combined with motivational interviewing (MI), as the evidence-based gold standard for ED treatment and suggests IBT and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) as reasonable alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal syndrome characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in the absence of an organic cause. One of the four subtypes is IBS with diarrhea, defined as loose or watery stools ≥25% of bowel movements and hard or lumpy stools ≤25% of bowel movements. The diagnostic approach to patients with IBS symptoms and no ˵alarm″ signs includes a complete history and physical examination and a limited number of diagnostic studies to rule out organic illness. The focus of treatment should be on symptom relief and addressing the patient΄s concerns. The most important component is the establishment of a strong, therapeutic physician–patient relationship. Other elements include pateient education, dietary modifications, pharmacologic agents and, in selected patients, behavioral treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnotherapy, and dynamic psychotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive behavioral therapy is one of the frequently applied evidence-based psychotherapies for addiction and other psychiatric disorders. Cognitive behavioral therapy consists of a theoretical approach to conceptualizing disorders that can be described systematically, applied consistently, and validated empirically. In this chapter, we review: (1) the theory and conceptualization of cognitive behavioral therapy for addiction; (2) the application of cognitive behavioral therapy strategies for treating various addictions, focusing on alcohol and cocaine, as well as the challenges and solutions involved in the use of cognitive behavioral therapy, and (3) the research support for cognitive behavioral therapy in treating specific addictions and the limitations of these findings identified in the research literature thus far, and, finally, (4) we present future directions for research, including the application of cognitive behavioral therapy for co-occurring disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Cognitive behavioral interventions are the most widely used psychological strategies for coping with tinnitus. 2. The goal of the therapy is to alter maladaptive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to tinnitus and not to abolish the sound itself. 3. There are two main components to this approach: (a) Cognitive restructuring and (b) Behavioral modification. 4. Treatment programs comprise of techniques like relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, attention control techniques, imagery training, and exposure to difficult situations. 5. The combined approach assists patients in identifying and modifying maladaptive behavior and promotes habituation to tinnitus. 6. The collaboration of patient and therapist is a prerequisite for a positive outcome of therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Estimates of the occurrence of domestic violence differ depending upon the survey used to collect the data; however, it is clear that this phenomenon affects a large part of the population. According to the 1992 NCVS, more than 1 million women were victimized by intimate partners, a category that includes boyfriends, girlfriends, spouses, and former spouses, in that year (Andrews & Bonta, 2003; Healey, Smith, & O'Sullivan, 1998). According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), approximately 840,000 women were assaulted, raped, or robbed by intimate partners in 1996 (Greenfeld et al., 1998). Estimates from the National Violence Against Women Survey indicate approximately 1.8 million women and 1 million men were raped, physically assaulted, or stalked by an intimate partner in the past twelve months (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000). Straus, Gelles, and Steinmetz (1980) estimated that 2 million women were victimized each year by their husbands and further speculated that if ex-husbands and boyfriends were included in the calculations, the estimate could be as high as 4 million. Whichever figure is used, it is clear that domestic violence affects a large number of women sometime in their life. Physical violence can have far reaching effects on women and can continue long after surface injuries have healed. Research has shown that women who suffer domestic assault at the hands of an intimate partner are more likely to show increased rates of depression, suicide, anxiety, post-traumatic stress syndrome, low self-esteem, and substance abuse problems (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION The term sex offender includes various types of offenders. From the perspective of the criminal justice system, sex offenders are usually classified into two categories: (1) people who have committed forcible rape and (2) people who have committed sexual assault (this includes statutory rape; sodomy; incest; offenses against chastity, common decency, and morals; unwanted sexual contact; and fondling). According to the FBI UCRs, the number of reported forcible rapes of females in the United States in 2004 was 63.5 for every 100,000 females in the population (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2004). However, accurate estimates of the incidence of sexual crimes are extremely difficult to obtain because many victims fail to report such offenses. Of the approximately 5 million people under some type of correctional supervision in the United States in 1994, only 4.7 percent were convicted of a sexual offense (the most serious crime of conviction). Almost 60 percent of the convicted sex offenders are in the community. Many of those in prison will also be returned to the community. Furthermore, offenders convicted of either rape or sexual assault receive sentences averaging 12.5 and 8.5 years, respectively (Greenfeld, 1997). Although the sentence lengths have not changed in the past decade, the amount of time these offenders actually spend in prison has increased because they serve a larger percentage of their sentence in prison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Cognitive-behavioral treatments have become the dominant paradigm in clinical psychology (Dobson & Khatri, 2000). Based on cognitive-behavioral theory, these therapies represent a broad category of interventions that focus on human change through demonstrated behavioral outcomes. Changes in behavior are achieved through changes in the way an individual perceives, reflects, and thinks about their life (Dobson & Khatri, 2000). Theoretically, cognitive-behaviorism assumes that cognitions affect behavior, people can monitor and alter their cognitive activity, and changes in cognitions will lead to changes in behavior (Dobson & Craig, 1996). Therapy emphasizes the connection between cognitions and behavior. Dysfunctional behaviors are altered through changes in attitudes, beliefs, and thought processes (Porporino, Fabiano, & Robinson, 1991). In therapy, clients are made aware of their maladaptive thought processes, and they are encouraged to alter the way they think. These alterations in thinking are expected to alter the maladaptive behaviors being targeted by therapy. The positive effects of cognitive-behavioral approaches to treatment have been a consistent theme in reviews of rehabilitation research (Cullen & Gendreau, 1989; Gendreau & Ross, 1987; Husband & Platt, 1993, Lipsy, 1992; Losel, 1995a). For example, in a meta-analysis of adult and juvenile correctional treatment programs, Andrews, Zinger, Hoge, Bonta, Gendreau, and Cullen (1990) identified cognitive-behavioral methods of therapy as one of the most critical aspects of effective correctional treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]