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This document is part of Subvolume C 'Renewable Energy' of Volume 3 'Energy Technologies' of Landolt-Börnstein Group VIII 'Advanced Materials and Technologies'. It contains: 8.3 Types of geothermal energy use 8.3.1 Direct use 8.3.1.1 Space heating 8.3.1.1.1 Earth coupled heat extraction systems 8.3.1.1.1.1 Horizontal Earth coupled heat exchangers 8.3.1.1.1.2 Shallow borehole heat exchangers 8.3.1.1.1.3 Heat exchanger piles 8.3.1.1.1.4 Deep borehole heat exchangers 8.3.1.1.2 Hydrothermal heating systems 8.3.1.2 Commercial and industrial applications 8.3.2 Power generation 8.3.3 References for 8.3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is part of Subvolume C 'Renewable Energy' of Volume 3 'Energy Technologies' of Landolt-Börnstein Group VIII 'Advanced Materials and Technologies'. It contains: 8.4 Technological and economical aspects of geothermal energy 8.4.1 Direct use 8.4.1.1 Earth coupled heat extraction systems 8.4.1.1.1 Ground-source heat pump systems 8.4.1.1.2 Deep borehole heat exchangers 8.4.1.2 Hydrothermal heating systems 8.4.2 Power generation 8.4.2.1 Natural steam power plants 8.4.2.1.1 Dry steam power plants 8.4.2.1.2 Flash steam power plants 8.4.2.2 Binary power plants 8.4.2.3 Power plants for hot dry rock or enhanced geothermal systems 8.4.2.4 Technical, economic and ecological aspects of geothermal power production 8.4.2.4.1 Efficiency 8.4.2.4.2 Cost and life time 8.4.2.4.2.1 Natural steam systems 8.4.2.4.2.2 HDR and enhanced systems 8.4.2.4.3 Pollution 8.4.2.4.3.1 Air pollution 8.4.2.4.3.2 Water pollution 8.4.2.4.3.3 Land subsidence 8.4.2.4.3.4 Induced seismicity 8.4.2.4.3.5 Noise 8.4.3 References for 8.4 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is part of Subvolume C 'Renewable Energy' of Volume 3 'Energy Technologies' of Landolt-Börnstein Group VIII 'Advanced Materials and Technologies'. It contains: 8 Geothermal energy 8.1 The Earth's thermal regime 8.1.1 The structure of the Earth 8.1.2 Energy budget of the Earth 8.1.2.1 Heat income 8.1.2.1.1 External heat sources 8.1.2.1.1.1 Solar radiation 8.1.2.1.1.2 Gravitational energy 8.1.2.1.2 Internal heat sources 8.1.2.1.2.1 Radiogenic heat 8.1.2.1.2.2 Original heat 8.1.2.1.2.3 Potential energy 8.1.2.1.2.4 Frictional heat 8.1.2.2 Heat expenditure 8.1.2.2.1 Long-wavelength heat radiation 8.1.2.2.2 Volcanism 8.1.2.2.3 Global heat flow 8.1.2.3 Heat budget 8.1.3 The thermal regime of the Earth's crust 8.1.4 Heat storage 8.1.4.1 Measuring techniques 8.1.4.2 Calculated heat capacity 8.1.5 Heat transport 8.1.5.1 Heat conduction 8.1.5.1.1 Measuring techniques 8.1.5.1.2 Indirect methods 8.1.5.1.2.1 Estimation from mineralogical composition and saturating fluids 8.1.5.1.2.2 Correlations with other physical properties 8.1.5.1.3 Thermal conductivity of minerals 8.1.5.2 Thermal conductivity of rocks 8.1.5.2.1 Thermal conductivity of sedimentary, volcanic, plutonic and metamorphic rocks 8.1.5.2.1.1 Influence of porosity and the dominant mineral phase 8.1.5.2.1.2 Influence of ambient temperature 8.1.5.2.2 Influence of various factors on thermal conductivity 8.1.5.2.2.1 Pressure 8.1.5.2.2.2 Porosity and saturating fluid 8.1.5.2.2.3 Partial saturation 8.1.5.2.2.4 Anisotropy 8.1.5.3 Heat advection 8.1.5.4 Heat radiation and thermal conductivity in the Earth's mantle 8.1.6 References for 8.1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is part of Subvolume C 'Renewable Energy' of Volume 3 'Energy Technologies' of Landolt-Börnstein Group VIII 'Advanced Materials and Technologies'. It contains: 8.2 Geothermal energy resources 8.2.1 References for 8.2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chapter 147 of the book "Critical Decisions in Periodontology" is presented. It offers information on guided tissue regeneration associated with lower third-molar surgical extraction. It explores the options a dentist may take after the determination of a probable communication between the third molar and oral cavity.

Chapter 123 of the book "Critical Decisions in Periodontology" is presented. It offers information on soft-tissue plastic surgery around dental implants. It explores the options a dentist may take after a soft-tissue augmentation is deemed necessary for esthetic and plaque control to maintain the implants of a patient.

Chapter 112 of the book "Critical Decisions in Periodontology" is presented. It explores the root coverage in gingival recession. It states that complete root coverage can be achieved if there is Class I or Class II gingival recession, while partial root coverage can be obtained in Class III. It also classifies the procedures for covering exposed roots into two groups, mucogingival procedures and guided tissue regeneration.

Chapter 57 of the book "Critical Decisions in Periodontology" is presented. It explores the practice of periodontics particularly in the mucogingival needs of orthodontic patients. It describes common clinical problems in mucogingivitis and how practitioners go about deciding what should be done. Furthermore, it offers an algorithm called decision tree to solve each clinical problem experienced in practice. A list of several common additional readings are also provided for further details.