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Challenging the Westphalian view of international relations, which focuses on the sovereignty of states and the inevitable potential for conflict, the authors from the Borderlands Study Group reconceive borders as capillaries enabling the flow of material, cultural, and social benefits through local communities, nation-states, and entire regions. By emphasizing local agency and regional interdependencies, this metaphor reconfigures current narratives about the China India border and opens a new perspective on the long history of the Silk Roads, the modern BCIM Initiative, and dam construction along the Nu River in China and the Teesta River in India. Together, the authors show that positive interaction among people on both sides of a border generates larger, cross-border communities, which can pressure for cooperation and development.

In standard backfill algorithms, a job will be terminated immediately it has been processed for its estimated runtime. This drives users not to provide tight estimates to make their jobs to be scheduled earlier but at the risk of being killed. This paper evaluated an enhanced mechanism to tolerate jobs to continue processing if they will not delay any other running or reserved jobs. By comparing the performance of this new mechanism with that of the standard easy backfill by simulation of real workloads, it is shown that both user- and system- centric performance metrics were improved. As more users underestimate the runtime of their jobs and make the estimates tighter, user-centric metrics always be improved, but the system-centric metric in some cases may degrade very slightly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with the previous video standard, the performance of H.264 has improved significantly because of multi-block-size motion estimation. However, encoder using above technology is very time-consuming. Making full use of the spatiotemporal correlation of video and similar motion between the different-size block, according to the central-biased characteristic of motion vector, a fast motion estimation algorithm for H.264 is proposed in this paper. By effective prediction of search window center point, adaptive selection of search patterns and termination of the search process, the proposed algorithm speedups 123-186 times than full search algorithm and 4.6-5.9 times than the fast motion estimation algorithm recommended in H.264 while maintains similar rate distortion performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DirectShow based network living broadcast scheme of MPEG-4 medical video stream is presented. In this scheme, Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) video stream are captured by an advanced image capture board. MPEG-4 and DirectShow framework technique are used for data's compression and transmission. Data of DSA video stream can be transported easily from server sender Filter to client receiver Filter according to TCP and UDP protocols. Experimental results show that the image is clear in 100M LAN, and the delay is less than one second. High performances of definition and real-time of the DSA video are both achieved in this scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) comprise an extensive class of materials that are very easy to synthesize in the laboratory, albeit not always as pure phases. In this chapter, we review the wide variety of methods that are available for the synthesis of LDHs and focus on the way in which the physicochemical properties of the materials (such as phase purity, crystallinity and surface area) vary with synthesis method. The flexibility of the different methods is also discussed: some methods can be used to synthesize LDHs containing a wide range of constituent cations and anions, whilst others are more limited in scope. In some cases, the potential for scale-up of a method to produce larger quantities of material is also noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of various neighborhood models on the particle swarm algorithm were investigated in this paper. We also gave some additional insight into the PSO neighborhood model selection topic. Our experiment results testified that the gbest model converges quickly on problem solutions but has a weakness for becoming trapped in local optima, while the lbest model converges slowly on problem solutions but is able to "flow around" local optima, as the individuals explore different regions. The gbest model is recommended strongly for unimodal objective functions, while a variable neighborhood model is recommended for multimodal objective functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To satisfy the requirement of embedded video encoder in various scenarios, an embedded universal video coding system based on embedded processors is proposed in this paper, which combines the advantages of multi processors in single architecture. According to different channels, two feasible solutions are given to avoid the overflow and underflow of buffer while transmitting the compressed data. Due to limited computational resources and real-time application requirement, each module of the MPEG-4 codec is reviewed and efficiently implemented based on the embedded hardware platform. Experimental results show that the embedded system can successfully be used for real-time application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]