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9. Kardiologie IV

Author

Droste, C., primary, Görnandt, L., additional, Betz, P., additional, Roskamm, H., additional, Wessler, I., additional, Erbel, R., additional, Henkel, B., additional, Pfeiffer, C., additional, Meyer, J., additional, Herzum, M., additional, Maisch, B., additional, Kochsiek, K., additional, Riegger, A. J. G., additional, Kromer, E. P., additional, Steilner, H., additional, Liebau, G., additional, Löllgen, H., additional, Zeiher, A., additional, Lindel, E., additional, Dietlein, G., additional, Neis, W., additional, and Wollschläger, H., additional

Published
1984
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11. Hämostasiologie

Author

Reimers, H.-J., primary, Braumann, G., additional, Freiberger, E., additional, Morgenstern, E., additional, Scharf, R. E., additional, Planker, M., additional, Schneider, W., additional, Walter, P., additional, Ditter, H., additional, Matthias, F. R., additional, Heinrich, D., additional, Voss, R., additional, Ritter, B., additional, Schöll, V., additional, Gohlke, H., additional, Betz, P., additional, Roskamm, H., additional, Schmitz-Huebner, U., additional, Beek, H., additional, Delvos, U., additional, Andrassy, K., additional, Kern, B., additional, Koderisch, J., additional, Kreusser, W., additional, Wietasch, A., additional, Ritz, E., additional, Schmidt, R. E., additional, Budde, U., additional, Mueller-Eckhardt, C., additional, Schöndorf, T. H., additional, Trüschler, A., additional, Lösgen, H., additional, Brunner, G., additional, Schmidt, F. W., additional, Köttgen, E., additional, Schölmerich, J., additional, Böttcher, D., additional, Diener, W., additional, Gerok, W., additional, Schrader, J., additional, Köstering, H., additional, Freudenberg, B., additional, Gröne, H. J., additional, Kirchertz, E. J., additional, Scheler, F., additional, Bernsmeier, R., additional, Lück, P., additional, Bruhn, H. D., additional, Oehler, G., additional, Kunz, E., additional, Stibora, M., additional, and Ròka, L., additional

Published
1982
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15. Kardiologie

Author

Mathey, D. G., primary, Kuck, K. H., additional, Schofer, J., additional, Krebber, H. J., additional, Montz, R., additional, Rodewald, G., additional, Bleifeld, W., additional, Eichstädt, H., additional, Rutsch, W., additional, Botsch, H., additional, Felix, R., additional, Schmutzler, H., additional, Hofmann, M., additional, Schuler, G., additional, Schwarz, F., additional, Mäurer, W., additional, Mehmel, H., additional, Senges, J., additional, Tillmanns, H., additional, Kübler, W., additional, von Olshausen, K., additional, Mehmel, H. C., additional, Zimmermann, R., additional, Harenberg, J., additional, Kandler, J., additional, Rebmann, T., additional, Neuhaus, K. L., additional, Tebbe, U., additional, Sauer, G., additional, Köstering, H., additional, Kreuzer, H., additional, Genth, K., additional, Wetzel, E., additional, Heene, D. L., additional, Kober, G., additional, Scherer, D., additional, Hopf, R., additional, Dowinski, S., additional, Schmidt-Moritz, A., additional, Kaltenbach, M., additional, Schnellbacher, K., additional, Roskamm, H., additional, Beck, O. A., additional, Steckmann, E., additional, Hochrein, H., additional, Weiß, B., additional, Donat, K., additional, Ziegler, W. J., additional, Dirschinger, J., additional, Fleck, E., additional, Brügmann, U., additional, Redl, A., additional, Rudolph, W., additional, Schanzenbächer, P., additional, Liebau, G., additional, Deeg, P., additional, Kochsiek, K., additional, Jansen, W., additional, Osterspey, A., additional, Tauchert, M., additional, Schell, U., additional, Schmid, G., additional, Fuchs, M., additional, Schulz, V., additional, Kipshidze, N. N., additional, Chapidze, G. E., additional, Blasini, R., additional, Froer, K. L., additional, Wemper, J., additional, Behrenbeck, D. W., additional, Hombach, V., additional, Hilger, H. H., additional, Droste, C., additional, Gohlke-Bärwolf, A., additional, Stürzenhofecker, P., additional, Samek, L., additional, Betz, P., additional, Schmuziger, M., additional, Deist, H., additional, Wüsten, B., additional, Schaper, W., additional, Gottwik, M.-G., additional, Puschmann, S., additional, Neumann, F., additional, Farohs, B., additional, Gottwik, M., additional, Bertel, O., additional, Burkart, F., additional, Ritz, R., additional, Baitsch, G., additional, Gilfrich, H. J., additional, Schuster, C. J., additional, Kremer, G., additional, Langenstein, B. A., additional, Hanrath, P., additional, Hall, D., additional, Ibrahim, Z., additional, Meinertz, T., additional, Schmitt, B., additional, Kasper, W., additional, Treese, N., additional, Rückel, A., additional, Zehender, M., additional, Hofmann, T., additional, Pop, T., additional, Bethge, K.-P., additional, Lichtlen, P. R., additional, Kotzur, J., additional, Kuebart, I., additional, Theisen, F., additional, Haufe, M., additional, Theisen, K., additional, Weber, M., additional, Jahrmärker, H., additional, Thormann, J., additional, Schlepper, M., additional, Kramer, W., additional, Neuss, H., additional, Wester, H.-A., additional, Mouselimis, N., additional, Steinbeck, G., additional, Manz, M., additional, Lüderitz, B., additional, Höpp, H.-W., additional, Braun, V., additional, Djonlagic, H., additional, Potratz, J., additional, Lander, B., additional, Hoffmann, J., additional, Dageförde, J., additional, Diedrich, K.-W., additional, Wege, G., additional, Haerten, K., additional, Borggrefe, M., additional, Breithardt, G., additional, Weyers, F. J., additional, Abendroth, R.-R., additional, Heuer, H., additional, Gülker, H., additional, Thale, J., additional, Meyer, M., additional, Weiß, U., additional, Bender, F., additional, Bubenheimer, P., additional, Görnandt, L., additional, Erbei, R., additional, Schweizer, P., additional, Lambertz, H., additional, Langen, H.-J., additional, Meyer, J., additional, and Effert, S., additional

Published
1982
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17. Kardiologie

Author

Tillmanns, H., primary, Knapp, W. H., additional, Helus, F., additional, Mall, G., additional, Elfner, R., additional, Schuler, G., additional, Kübler, W., additional, Deetjen, W., additional, Jehle, J., additional, Lauber, A., additional, Lösse, B., additional, v. Krogh, H., additional, Pölitz, B., additional, Schmiel, F. K., additional, Spiller, P., additional, Eichstädt, H., additional, Felix, R., additional, Kempter, H., additional, Kewitz, A., additional, Banzer, D., additional, Schmutzler, H., additional, Zeiher, A., additional, Bonzel, T., additional, Wollschläger, H., additional, Eulenbruch, H., additional, Löllgen, H., additional, Just, H., additional, Erbel, R., additional, Schweizer, P., additional, Henn, G., additional, Lambertz, H., additional, Meyer, J., additional, Effert, S., additional, Hilpert, P., additional, Schmuderer, R., additional, Brandstetter, J., additional, Griebenow, R., additional, Saborowski, F., additional, Meffert, R., additional, Hossmann, V., additional, von Olshausen, K., additional, Schwarz, F., additional, Mehmel, H. C., additional, Thormann, J., additional, Schlepper, M., additional, Neuss, H., additional, Kramer, W., additional, Mattern, H., additional, Fricke, G., additional, Bock, G., additional, Schweikert, H. U., additional, Martorana, P. A., additional, van Even, P., additional, Wüsten, B., additional, Schaper, J., additional, Lasch, H. G., additional, Maisch, B., additional, Hepp, A., additional, Outzen, H., additional, Kochsiek, K., additional, Hoberg, E., additional, Katus, H. A., additional, Diederich, K., additional, Bubenheimer, P., additional, Kneissl, D., additional, Roskamm, H., additional, Gohlke, H., additional, Betz, P., additional, Lehmann-Leo, W., additional, Schwartzkopff, W., additional, Hartmann, H. G., additional, Rienmüller, R., additional, Strauer, B.-E., additional, von Arnim, T., additional, Höfling, B., additional, Schreiber, M., additional, Boite, H.-D., additional, Jansen, W. C., additional, Osterspey, A., additional, Tauchert, M., additional, Fuchs, M., additional, Metternich, M., additional, Hilger, H. H., additional, Huhmann, W., additional, Nieth, H., additional, Rentrop, P., additional, Blanke, H., additional, Feit, F., additional, Schneider, R., additional, Karsch, K. R., additional, Gorlin, R., additional, Chulmers, T., additional, Hofmann, M., additional, Bierner, M., additional, Fleck, E., additional, Dirschinger, J., additional, Rudolph, W., additional, Hust, M. H., additional, Nitsche, K., additional, Hohnloser, S., additional, Berchtold-Kanz, E., additional, Wehrle, H. J., additional, Djonlagić, H., additional, Potratz, J., additional, Hackenjos, B., additional, Lengfelder, W., additional, Jauernig, R., additional, Rizos, I., additional, Czygan, E., additional, Brachmann, J., additional, Senges, J., additional, Runkel, W., additional, Fricke, G. R., additional, Brisse, B., additional, Bender, F., additional, Klinke, F., additional, Kleine-Katthöfer, P., additional, Dittrich, H., additional, Hammel, D., additional, Türschmann, W., additional, Oeff, M., additional, von Leitner, E.-R., additional, Ernè, S. N., additional, Lehmann, H. G., additional, Hahlbohm, H. D., additional, Schröder, R., additional, Manthey, J., additional, Dietz, R., additional, Ke, N. Y., additional, Röhrig, N., additional, Opherk, D., additional, Schömig, A., additional, Köhle, W., additional, Nechwatal, W., additional, Stauch, M., additional, Rasche, H., additional, Stehr, H., additional, Zimmermann, R., additional, and Harenberg, J., additional

Published
1983
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21. Kardiologie

Author

Kotzur, J., primary, Junglaß, C., additional, Weber, M., additional, Theisen, K., additional, Kremer, G., additional, Henkel, B., additional, Pfeiffer, C., additional, Ehrenthal, W., additional, Erbel, R., additional, Krämer, G., additional, Prellwitz, W., additional, Meyer, J., additional, Hoberg, E., additional, Richter, S., additional, Schwarz, F., additional, Katus, H. A., additional, Kübler, W., additional, Zeiher, A. M., additional, Bonzel, T., additional, Wollschläger, H., additional, Hohnloser, St., additional, Just, H., additional, Klepzig, M., additional, Baur, X., additional, Hauser, F., additional, Mernitz, D., additional, Fruhmann, G., additional, Strauer, B. E., additional, Konz, K.-H., additional, Karsch, K. R., additional, Jacksch, R., additional, Seipel, L., additional, Ulbrich, T., additional, Jansen, W., additional, Osterspey, A., additional, Gabrielsen, F., additional, Tauchert, M., additional, Simon, M., additional, Hilger, H. H., additional, Strödter, D., additional, Bilgin, Y., additional, Löllgen, H., additional, Zeiher, A., additional, Wieland, H., additional, Bossaller, C., additional, Schober, O., additional, Meyer, G.-J., additional, Sturm, J., additional, Hundeshagen, H., additional, Lichtlen, P., additional, Kuhlmann, J., additional, Marcin, S., additional, Stürzenhofecker, P., additional, Betz, P., additional, Schnellbacher, K., additional, Roskamm, H., additional, Mattern, H., additional, Fricke, G., additional, Heck, I., additional, Runkel, W., additional, Harms, E., additional, Orellano, L., additional, Kirchhoff, P. G., additional, Bönhof, J. A., additional, Linhart, P., additional, Eichstädt, H., additional, Gutmann, M., additional, Felix, R., additional, Schmutzler, H., additional, Schofer, J., additional, Stritzke, P., additional, Becher, H., additional, Mathey, D. G., additional, Krebber, H. J., additional, Spielmann, R. P., additional, Heuser, L., additional, Niehues, B., additional, Eckert, H. G., additional, Drexler, H., additional, Truog, A. G., additional, Zelis, R., additional, Kromer, E. P., additional, Riegger, A. J. G., additional, Liebau, G., additional, Saborowski, F., additional, Nachtsheim, P., additional, Griebenow, R., additional, Kropp, J., additional, Reske, S. H., additional, Stumpe, K. O., additional, Krück, F., additional, Kochsiek, K., additional, Maisch, B., additional, Romen, W., additional, Eigel, P., additional, Schmaltz, A., additional, Regitz, V., additional, Deeg, P., additional, Wüsten, B., additional, Hammel, D., additional, Brachmann, J., additional, Senges, J., additional, Gao, T.-L., additional, Rizos, I., additional, Heuer, H., additional, Gülker, H., additional, Müller, U. St., additional, Bender, F., additional, Bethge, C., additional, Merx, W., additional, Recker, S., additional, Gebhardt-Seehausen, U., additional, Müllges, W., additional, Djonlagić, H., additional, Potratz, J., additional, Rimek, A., additional, Hackenjos, B., additional, Diederich, K. W., additional, Kikis, D., additional, Grötz, J., additional, and Hossmann, V., additional

Published
1984
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26. Methods for the Purification of HQ-Tagged Proteins.

Author

Walker, John M., Zachariou, Michael, Godat, Becky, Engel, Laurie, Betz, Natalie A., and Johnson, Tonny M.

Abstract

The HQ (H = histidine, Q = glutamine) tag is a small fusion tag that can be isolated using immobilized metal affinity columns. HQ-tagged proteins can be expressed and purified from bacterial cells under native and denaturing conditions, mammalian cells, insect cells, wheat germ and rabbit reticulocyte. Furthermore, HQ-tagged proteins can be purified using magnetic or non-magnetic resins in multiple formats from small to large-scale and manual or automated. In this chapter, we have described various protocols for the purification of HQ-tagged proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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27. An Architecture for Adaptive and Adaptable Mobile Applications for Physically Handicapped People.

Author

Hutchison, David, Kanade, Takeo, Kittler, Josef, Kleinberg, Jon M., Mattern, Friedemann, Mitchell, John C., Naor, Moni, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Pandu Rangan, C., Steffen, Bernhard, Sudan, Madhu, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Tygar, Doug, Vardi, Moshe Y., Weikum, Gerhard, Stephanidis, Constantine, Betz, Matthias, Huq, Mahmudul, Pipek, Volkmar, and Rohde, Markus

Abstract

Context-awareness is an important capability needed in devices in a ubiquitous computing environment. Ubiquitous computing devices use different types of sensors along with the user's interaction history in order to collect and store data. This data is then used to adapt the user's behavior to suit the current environment. In addition to the explicit modifications by user control, the behavior of these computing devices along with the interaction amongst one another depends on the continuously changing environment conditions. These characteristics require the development of systems that have both, adaptive and an adaptable nature. Context-awareness is particularly important for physically handicapped people. This is due to the fact that context-aware ubiquitous devices are able to help them detect changes in the surrounding, which handicapped people can not do for themselves. In this research paper we suggest a general architecture of Context-Aware Adaptable System (CAAS). We exemplify this architecture with an Ambient Service prototype that we have developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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28. Impact Ionization and Avalanche Multiplication in AlGaAs: a Time-Resolved Study.

Author

Saraniti, M., Ravaioli, U., Betz, M., Trumm, S., Eckardt, M., Schwanhäußer, A., Sotier, F., Leitenstorfer, A., Hanson, M., Driscoll, D., Gossard, A. C., Malzer, S., and Döhler, G. H.

Abstract

Tracing ultrafast modifications of the Franz-Keldysh absorption spectrum of biased AlxGa1−xAs heterostructure diodes, we directly analyze the dynamical build up of a nonequilibrium carrier avalanche due to impact ionization for electric fields F > 350 kV/cm. The timescale of the carrier multiplication is found to be in the order of 10 ps depending on the applied bias. Monte Carlo simulations in a simplified band structure agree well with the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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29. THz Collective Real-Space Oscillations of Ballistic Electrons in Wide Parabolic Potential Wells: an Exotic Transport Regime.

Author

Saraniti, M., Ravaioli, U., Betz, M., Trumm, S., Eckardt, M., Schwanhäußer, A., Malzer, S., Sotier, F., Leitenstorfer, A., Müller, T., Unterrainer, K., and Döhler, G. H.

Abstract

After femtosecond photoinjection of carriers near the boundary of a parabolic shaped 250 nm wide potential well, electrons are found to coherently oscillate across the well instead of performing the intuitively expected unidirectional relaxation towards the bottom of the well. Surprisingly, the coherence of the periodic electron motion is maintained despite multiple phonon scattering events. This novel transport regime is predicted by Monte Carlo simulations and verified by analyzing the femtosecond transmission of the heterostructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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30. Picosecond Spin-Preserving Carrier Capture in InGaAs/GaAs Quantum Dots.

Author

Saraniti, M., Ravaioli, U., Trumm, S., Wesseli, M., Krenner, H., Schuh, D., Bichler, M., Finley, J. J., and Betz, M.

Abstract

Carrier capture into self-organized InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots is studied in a femtosecond transmission experiment. Resonantly generating carriers in the wetting layer, we analyze the population of both the band edge of the wetting layer and the quantum dot excited states. We find a carrier capture time of 3 ps that is independent of the carrier density providing that it remains small compared to the number of available electronic states. Moreover, we find that the capture process is predominantly spin-preserving in nature. These results suggest that phonon mediated scattering governs the quantum dot filling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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31. The Role of Regulatory T Cells in Materno-Fetal Tolerance.

Author

Mor, Gil, Aluvihare, Varuna R., and Betz, Alexander G.

Abstract

Maternal immune tolerance to paternal allo-antigens expressed by the fetus is a precondition of successful pregnancy in viviparous mammals. This occurs despite exposure of the maternal immune system to potentially immunogenic fetal tissue. Local immune evasion mechanisms are thought to prevent maternal immune aggression towards the fetus. Nevertheless, maternal lymphocytes capable of mediating anti-fetal immune aggression are detectable throughout gestation. This review focuses on the role played by regulatory T cells in suppressing alloreactive immune responses, thereby promoting materno-fetal tolerance. The characteristics of naturally occurring regulatory T cells, their function in mouse and human pregnancy and the implications for infertility, premature abortion syndromes, transplantation and autoimmunity are discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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32. Lessons from the Knocked-Out Glycine Transporters.

Author

Starke, K., Born, G. V. R., Duckles, S. P., Eichelbaum, M., Ganten, D., Hofmann, F., Rosenthal, W., Rubanyi, G., Sitte, Harald H., Freissmuth, Michael, Gomeza, J., Armsen, W., Betz, H., and Eulenburg, V.

Abstract

Glycine has multiple neurotransmitter functions in the central nervous system (CNS). In the spinal cord and brainstem of vertebrates, it serves as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. In addition, it participates in excitatory neurotransmission by modulating the activity of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors. The extracellular concentrations of glycine are regulated by Na+/Cl−-dependent glycine transporters (GlyTs), which are expressed in neurons and adjacent glial cells. Considerable progress has been made recently towards elucidating the in vivo roles of GlyTs in the CNS. The generation and analysis of animals carrying targeted disruptions of GlyT genes (GlyT knockoutmice) have allowed investigators to examine the different contributions of individual GlyT subtypes to synaptic transmission. In addition, they have provided animal models for two hereditary human diseases, glycine encephalopathy and hyperekplexia. Selective GlyT inhibitors have been shown to modulate neurotransmission and might constitute promising therapeutic tools for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders such as schizophrenia and pain. Therefore, pharmacological and genetic studies indicate that GlyTs are key regulators of both glycinergic inhibitory and glutamatergic excitatory neurotransmission. This chapter describes our present understanding of the functions of GlyTs and their involvement in the fine-tuning of neuronal communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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33. A Linear-Logic Semantics for Constraint Handling Rules.

Author

Beek, Peter, Betz, Hariolf, and Frühwirth, Thom

Abstract

One of the attractive features of the Constraint Handling Rules (CHR) programming language is its declarative semantics where rules are read as formulae in first-order predicate logic. However, the more CHR is used as a general-purpose programming language, the more the limitations of that kind of declarative semantics in modelling change become apparent. We propose an alternative declarative semantics based on (intuitionistic) linear logic, establishing strong theorems on both soundness and completeness of the new declarative semantics w.r.t. operational semantics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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34. Gene Transfer Approaches to Enhancing Bone Healing.

Author

Friedlaender, Gary E., Betz, Oliver, Vrahas, Mark, Baltzer, Axel, Lieberman, Jay R., Robbins, Paul D., and Evans, Christopher H.

Abstract

Although bone is one of the few organs in the body that can heal spontaneously and restore function without scarring, it has been recognized since the time of Hippocrates that repair is not always satisfactory. Bone healing is inadequate when the loss of bone through, for example, tumor resection or traumatic injury, is extensive enough to produce a critical-sized defect. Healing may also be impaired in much smaller defects, and nonunion following fracture occurs in 5-10% of cases (1-3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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35. Hybrid Capture of Putative Tumor Suppressor Genes.

Author

Walker, John M., El-Deiry, Wafik S., Betz, Bryan L., and Weissman, Bernard E.

Abstract

During the last part of the twentieth century, research on human cancer increasingly focused on the molecular basis of this disease. These studies have identified many facets of cellular transformation, including aberrant cell cycle regulation, inhibition of programmed cell death or apoptosis, impaired DNA damage repair systems, genomic instability, and altered signal transduction in an increasing number of pathways. However, we have only begun the formidable task of identifying all the genes responsible for these cellular and genetic alterations. Over the past four decades, investigators have developed multiple models to investigate the processes of malignant transformation, including transformation of cells both in vitro and in the animal by chemical carcinogens or oncogenic viruses. Immortal human and rodent tumor cell lines have proved especially amenable for identification of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In order to map and identify functional tumor suppressor genes directly, we and others have used the technique of microcell hybridization to transfer chromosomes from normal human cells into human tumor cell lines (1,2). By this approach, we first showed that introduction of a normal human chromosome 11 into a Wilms' tumor cell line causes a complete suppression of tumorigenicity (3). After our initial study, multiple laboratories have established the validity of this experimental system by the demonstration that transfer of specific human chromosomes into a variety of different human tumor cell lines results in the suppression of tumorigenic potential (4-9). In this chapter, we outline a general strategy for mapping the location of tumor suppressor genes by microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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36. Gene Transfer to Articular Chondrocytes with Recombinant Adenovirus.

Author

Walker, John M., Körholz, Dieter, Kiess, Wieland, Palmer, Glyn D., Gouze, Elvire, Gouze, Jean-Noel, Betz, Oliver B., Evans, Christopher H., and Ghivizzani, Steven C.

Abstract

Articular cartilage forms the load-bearing surfaces of diarthrodial joints. Its dense extracellular matrix, composed primarily of water, collagen, and proteoglycans is maintained by a resident population of chondrocytes. These all combine to form a highly organized structure that provides the tissue with its unique biomechanical properties. However, partly because of its avascular nature, cartilage has poor regenerative properties, and damage from disease or injury will often lead to an inferior repair tissue that ultimately fails. One approach to promoting cartilage repair is through the administration of biological agents that enhance matrix synthesis or decrease matrix degradation. Several cytokines are known to promote matrix synthesis in chondrocytes, including the bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) and insulinlike growth factors (IGFs). Improved repair has been reported following in vivo administration of recombinant IGF-1 (1) or BMP-2 (2) to cartilage lesions. However, the maintainence of effective intralesional cytokine concentrations for extended periods following administration is hindered by the relatively short half-lives of these proteins. The transfer of cDNAs encoding these cytokines represents an alternative treatment strategy. By this approach, local expression of the gene to cells within sites of damage could achieve sustained, biologically relevant levels of protein that are synthesized locally (3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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37. Policy, Politics and Society: A New Day for the Russian Army? Reforming the Armed Forces under Yeltsin and Putin.

Author

Betz, David J. and Volkov, Valeriy G.

Abstract

This section presents a comparison of the approaches taken by Russian presidents Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin to the issue of military reform during their administration. The passage of a Military Doctrine in November 1993 can be seen in this context of a disinterested commander-in-chief. There are two main trains of thought as to Putin's reasons for identifying himself strongly with the security services in autumn 1999: the first sees it as a public relations ploy in anticipation of the presidential campaign; the other is suspicious of Soviet-style thinking returning political fashion.

Published
2003

38. III. DOMESTIC POLITICS PERSPECTIVES: Haider's Revolution or The Future Has Begun.

Author

Betz, Hans-Georg

Subjects
POLITICIANS, POLITICAL leadership, AUSTRIAN politics & government, POLITICAL science
Abstract

Austrian political leader Jörg Haider has not only been one of the most important postwar Austrian politicians, he has arguably also been Europe;s most successful politician of the past decade, whose impact extends far beyond the small stage of Austrian politics. Haider is perhaps best described as a charismatic populist, whose politics is as much, if not more, about style than it is about content. His is a new type of politics, which seems to defy the traditional notions of left and right. Haider's populist bent was reflected in his ideas on Austria's institutional system.

Published
2002

39. Postindustrial Cleavages and Electoral Change in an Advanced Capitalist Democracy: The Austrian Case.

Author

Crepaz, Markus M. L. and Betz, Hans-Georg

Subjects
POLITICAL systems, POLITICAL participation, POLITICAL science, SOCIOECONOMICS, INDUSTRIALISM
Abstract

This article examines the effect of socioeconomic and sociostructural change engendered by postindustrialism on the Austrian party system. For much of the postwar period, the Austrian party system had a reputation of being highly stable. However, Austria has gone through an electoral revolution which has led to a transformation of the country's party landscape. This political transformation was a direct result of socioeconomic change that began in the 1980s and accelerated in the early 1990s as a result of the opening of Austria's eastern borders and the preparations for Austria's membership in the European Union.

Published
2000

40. Experiences with a Knowledge-Based Tutoring System for Student Education in Rheumatology.

Author

Puppe, Frank, Schewe, S., Reinhardt, B., and Betz, C.

Abstract

A knowledge-based tutorial computer system in rheumatology had been integrated in a standard course of internal medicine for students in their fourth year of medical curriculum. The tutoring software is based on the expert-system shell-toolkit D3 and its tutorial component D3Trainer. Based on the knowledge base "Rheuma", which is also used for consultation, the "Rheumatrainer" is generated with the D3Trainer. The students visit the course two weeks in groups of two or three twice a week. After taking the medical history from patients, students turn to the tutorial programm "Rheumatrainer" for other parts of the diagnostic process for training of the ensuing diagnostic work up. Using the software, students learn recognition and interpretation of symptoms and findings, indication of further tests and deduction of diagnoses in a trial-and-error environment while the system is able to criticize all decisions of the student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1999
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41. Present status and problems of X-ray lithography.

Author

Treusch, J., Heuberger, Anton, Betz, Hans, and Pongratz, Siegfried

Abstract

Very intense technological efforts for increasing the density of integration of semiconductor devices have been made in the development of new and economical lithography methods for structures below 2 μm. The lithography methods used up to now in production are working with UV radiation in the region near 400 nm. The resolution limit due to Fresn'el diffraction allows the replication of structure dimensions down to 3-4 μm. A further improvement of the optical lithography (introduction of demagnifying projection printing instead of 1∶1 proximity exposure) probably will lead to powerful production machines enabling the reproduction of structures with dimensions down to 1 μm. On the other hand, the expenditure increases rapidly when decreasing the resolution limits. For dropping the structure size below 1 μm, the alternative lithography methods are electron-beam writing and X-ray lithography. Additionally, an application of these methods for larger structures could be furthered by an improvement of the yield. X-ray lithography is a direct further development of 1∶1 proximity printing, with the help of a mask, by drastically lowering the wavelength. This means the maintenance of a relatively simple process, also in the case of very small structures. But an important condition, if X-ray lithography is to be a practical method, is the availability of an economical X-ray source in the wavelength region of 1 nm with nearly parallel radiation. Because at this wavelength there are no problems with Fresn'el diffraction, and the distortions caused by the secondary electrons generated in the resist are much lower compared with electron-beam writing, structures down to 0.1 μm are achievable with high aspect ratios. Although the very good replication features have been confirmed in many experiments there are many problems to be solved, especially concerning the radition source, the resist- and the masktechnology. The application of X-ray lithography could mainly provide advantages in the mass production of VLSI devices with constant design. The domain of e-beam writing, besides mask production, could be the production of circuits with frequent changes in design (e.g., in the phase of circuit development). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1980
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42. Nonlinear Optical Microscopy of a Single Self-Assembled InGaAs Quantum Dot.

Author

Castleman, A. W., Toennies, J. P., Zinth, W., Yamanouchi, K., Corkum, Paul, Jonas, David M., Miller, R. J. Dwayne., Weiner, Andrew M., Betz, Markus, Wesseli, Markus, Ruppert, Claudia, Trumm, Stephan, Krenner, Hubert J., and Finley, Jonathan J.

Abstract

A single InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot is addressed in a two-color femtosecond transmission experiment. We find bleaching signals arising from individual excitonic interband transitions thus providing a scheme for ultrafast optical read-out of one artificial atom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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